TEM Studies of High Temperature Corrosion Behaviour of TiAl Intermetallics with Surface Modifications

The oxidation/sulphidation behaviour of a Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si alloy with a TiAl₃ diffusion coating was studied in an environment of H₂/H₂S/H₂O at 850^oC. The kinetic results demonstrate that the TiAl₃ coating significantly increased the high temperature corrosion resistance of Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si. The SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analysis reveals that the formation of an Al₂O₃ scale on the surface of the TiAl₃‐coated sample was responsible for the enhancement of the corroison resistance. The Ti‐46.7Al‐1.9W‐0.5Si alloy was also modified by Nb ion implantation. The Nb ion implanted and as received sampels were subjected to cyclic oxidation in an open air at 800^oC. The Nb ion implantation not only increased the oxidation resistance but also substantially improved the adhesion of scale to the substrate.     

催化裂化汽油光化学氧化脱硫

以水为萃取剂、空气中的O2为氧化剂、500W高压汞灯为紫外光光源,研究了催化裂化(FCC)汽油光化学氧化反应的机理和氧化产物,考察了反应条件对FCC汽油脱硫率的影响。实验结果表明,FCC汽油中的极性含硫化合物首先部分溶于水相中,然后在水相中被氧化。在空气通入量为150mL/min、水与FCC汽油的体积比为1.0的条件下,反应5h后FCC汽油脱硫率达40.6%,加入0.45g4A分子筛作为O2的吸附剂后FCC汽油脱硫率提高到70.2%。FCC汽油的光化学氧化反应为一级动力学反应,加入4A分子筛时的反应速率常数为0.217 4h-1,半衰期为3.18h。FCC汽油光化学氧化反应的主要产物为亚砜和砜,并进一步生成CO2、草酸、SO24-等。     

井下乳化/水热催化裂解复合降黏开采稠油技术研究

实验考察了胜利孤东稠油井下催化水热裂解和乳化/催化水热裂解降黏效果。所用催化剂为水溶性铁镍钒体系,Fe3+∶Ni2+∶VO4+=5∶1∶1,100 g稠油与30 g 0.5%催化剂水溶液在240℃反应24小时。原始黏度(50℃)11.0和8.36 Pa.s的两种稠油裂解并静置除水后,黏度降低76.2%和75.6%,室温放置60天后降黏率下降小于3个百分点,气相色谱显示裂解后轻组分明显增加,红外光谱显示稠油组分发生脱羧反应且芳环数减少。讨论了稠油催化水热裂解反应机理。所用化学助剂JN-A在油水中均可溶,耐温达250℃,耐矿化度达50 g/L,其水溶液以30∶100的质量比与稠油混合时形成低黏度的O/W乳状液。当水相含1.0%JN-A和0.5%催化剂时,两种稠油水热裂解后的反应混合物为O/W乳状液,黏度仅为319和309 mPa.s,静置除水后的稠油降黏率增加到86.5%和87.3%,其中的轻组分含量进一步增加。该井下乳化/催化水热裂解复合降黏法成功地用于孤东两口蒸汽吞吐井,稠油井作业后初期采出的原油黏度由~9 Pa.s降低到1 Pa.s左右,随采油时间延长而逐渐升高,约50天后超过4Pa.s。图2表6参5。     

橡胶促进剂DM的合成工艺

M氧化生成DM是自由基反应机理，结合微反应器机理，采用分子氧化的反应方式，选用绿色溶剂异丙醇、环境友好型氧化剂H202，一步法制取高品质DM。对反应时间、反应温度、氧化剂用量等因素进行考察，确定最佳工艺条件为：反应时间90min，反应温度55℃，氧化剂不过量，碱过量5％，M—Na溶液M含量30％，加料时N60 min，溶剂用量为M—Na溶液质量的1．5倍，所得产品质量合格，熔点可达180℃。     

Methane oxidation over vanadium-modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts

Three different vanadium-modified Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared and tested as catalysts for the deep oxidation of methane. Vanadium was added to the palladium catalyst by incipient wetness of palladium catalyst in order to modify its properties and improve its thermal stability and thioresistance. The behaviour of vanadium-modified catalysts depends on the concentration of this compound, being 0.5 wt.% the optimum amount. However, when strong catalyst poisons are present in the gas (SO₂), these modified catalysts do not show a better performance than unmodified catalyst. Bimetallic catalysts were tested with and without further reduction, being observed that reduced bimetallic catalysts perform worse than the non-reduced ones.     

仑16块泡沫辅助混气水驱先导性试验研究

百色盆地子寅油田仑16块砂岩油藏已进入特高含水开发后期,水驱剩余可采储量少,注水开发效果差。为提高区块采收率和开发效果,借鉴百色油田灰岩裂缝性油藏空气泡沫驱的成功经验,开展了泡沫辅助混气水驱先导性试验。试验结果表明,在地层温度49·5℃的低温轻质油藏中,注入的空气与地层残余油可以发生低温氧化(LTO)反应,产出气中氧含量低于2·6%,未出现气窜现象;对应油井产油上升、含水下降,预计最终采收率将提高10%左右,投入产出比大于1∶3·2。该试验的成功对砂岩油藏注水开发后期提高采收率具有重要的指导意义。     

CeO2对RuO2／γ-A12O3催化剂湿式氧化降解苯酚性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了RuO2／γ-A12O3和RuO2／CeO2／γ-A12O3催化剂，并利用XRD、SEM和XPS对催化剂进行了表征，研究了Ce的加入对RuO2／γ-A12O3催化剂表面分散性和催化剂表面元素Ru，O和Ce化学态的影响，同时考察了RuO2／γ-A12O3和RuO2／CeO2／γ-A12O3催化剂湿式氧化降解苯酚的活性，并深入探讨了Ce对RuO2／γ-A12O3催化剂的助催化作用。结果表明：Ce掺杂改性后，使催化剂表面Ru的化学态降低、表面氧空位增加，并且活性组分Ru的分散性增加，从而使RuO2／CeO2／γ-A12O3催化剂的活性提高，因此Ce起到了显著的助催化作用。     

溶剂对环氧乙烷催化水合制乙二醇的影响

研究了NY催化剂催化环氧乙烷水合制乙二醇(EG)过程中,溶剂、催化剂添加量和水与环氧乙烷的摩尔比(简称水比)对EG选择性的影响。实验结果表明,以丙三醇作为溶剂使催化剂进行循环,能提高EG的选择性,效果好于以生成的EG作为溶剂循环催化剂。催化剂添加量、水比和溶剂添加量对EG选择性具有较大影响,其中溶剂添加量对EG选择性的影响最显著。在低水比(1.0~4.0)条件下,EG质量分数小于30%、催化剂质量分数大于7.2%时,EG选择性稳定在95.63%~97.92%,平均值为96.80%,此结果对于进一步降低EG合成工艺的能耗具有指导意义。     

加氢渣油催化裂化七集总动力学模型的建立

以加工加氢渣油的茂名石化3^＃重油催化裂化装置的工业数据为基础，针对加氢渣油的特点，提出了以渣油四组分作为划分原料集总基础的催化裂化七集总动力学模型。通过变尺度法（B-F-G-S）和龙格库塔法确定动力学参数，并通过工业实测数据验证，表明该模型具有良好的拟合性和外推性，较好地反映了加氢渣油催化裂化反应规律。     

Oxidation of doped europium in BaMgAl10O17 by annealing studied by x‐ray‐absorption fine‐structure measurements

Abstract— We studied the influence of annealing in air on doped europium in BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇ by performing x‐ray absorption fine‐structure measurements. We determined the oxidation of doped divalent europium by annealing in air at over 500°C. The interatomic distance between the europium and the surrounding oxygen atoms was compressed by oxidation. It also appears that the oxidation process of europium is determined by the diffusion of oxygen into BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇.