Temperature Effects on the Deacidification of Mixtures of Sunflower Oil and Oleic Acid

Although it is well known that oil temperature is an essential factor for determining the deacidification mass rate and the final free fatty acids content, the influence of the temperature of the gas distillates above the liquid phase in the deodorizer on the oil temperature is much less understood. An extensive study of the effect of the temperature of the oil and of the gas distillates was undertaken in a continuous deodorizer, comparing the results with those obtained using a batch process. Variations in temperature from the temperature obtained without additional heating of the gases to a higher temperature than that of the oil were assayed for the gas distillates at the head of the deodorizer. It was possible to obtain low outlet free fatty acid contents at lower oil temperatures by controlling the overheating of the distillates, even for very high initial free fatty acids content, indicating that this is an essential variable to consider in distillation. However, increasing the temperature of the gas distillates above that of the oil sometimes produces a negative effect in deacidification.     

Copper corrosion in drinking water systems – effect of pH and phosphate‐dosage

Copper corrosion in residential plumbing installations can lead to an increase in copper concentration in drinking water as well as to leakages. Central water treatment steps such as pH‐adjustment or dosages of phosphate‐based inhibitors are measures in reducing copper corrosion. Especially phosphate in drinking water is believed to work as a corrosion inhibitor, but it is currently uncertain as to how this inhibitor works. In some cases the phosphate dosage aggravated the copper corrosion. The mechanisms are not yet clear and the influence of phosphate and pH remain a question to be answered. The results of a German Gas and Water Works Association (DVGW) research project on copper corrosion are presented as follows. The influence and the mechanisms of decarbonisation, deacidification and phosphate dosing on copper release in residential plumbing installations were studied in pipe rig experiments according to the German standard DIN 50931‐1. It shows that an increased pH‐value can lead to a decrease in copper content and that a phosphate dosage can lead to both higher and lower copper concentrations.     

Esterification Kinetics of Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid and Ethylene Glycol in Diesel Oil With or Without a ZnAl-HTlc Catalyst

Abstract

Esterification is an interesting method to decrease the naphthenic acid concentration of highly acidic petroleum, because these acids may cause serious corrosion in oil processing equipment. Taking cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as a model compound of naphthenic acids and performing batch runs at different temperatures, the reaction kinetics of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid esterification with ethylene glycol was investigated by using ZnAl-HTlc as a heterogeneous catalyst and without catalyst. The results demonstrated that esterification kinetics follows a second-order reaction with or without ZnAl-HTlc catalyst. The activation energy, E_a; frequency factor, k₀; and reaction rate constant, k, were also evaluated. ZnAl-HTlc can obviously reduce the reaction activation energy and speed up the reaction. The reaction kinetics model was validated by compared the experimental data with calculated data.     

The Alkalescence Effect on the Acid-removal Rate of Imidazole and Its Derivatives: A DFT and Ab Initio Study

The molecular structure modeling of imidazole and its derivatives were calculated by ab initio method. The charge distribution of the optimal configuration was obtained. It showed that the optimal molecular structures of imidazole and its derivatives were reasonable. According to the calculations of the molecular charge distribution, the alkalescence order of imidazole and its derivatives is 2-methylimidazole > 4-methylimidazole > 2-ethylimidazole > imidazole > 1-methylimidazole. The pH value in aqueous solution and the deacidification capacity to high-acidic crude oil at certain conditions of the various substances were determined further through experiments. It was found that the aqueous solution pH and the acid-removal rate increased with the alkalescence of imidazole and its derivatives becoming stronger.     

宁夏MTBE装置甲醇回收系统腐蚀原因分析及脱酸剂的应用

针对宁夏MTBE装置甲醇回收系统的腐蚀原因进行了分析。采用KIP207型脱酸剂后,萃取水净化器出口铁离子含量明显降低,腐蚀速率减小,装置运行效果良好。     

垃圾焚烧烟气喷雾干燥脱酸塔流场数值模拟

采用(RNG)k-ε湍流模型及颗粒轨道模型,运用计算流体力学软件Fluent对垃圾焚烧烟气喷雾干燥脱酸塔内流场进行数值模拟。结果表明,喷雾浆滴较大程度地影响了脱酸塔内的流场,局部区域内发生的强烈湍流流动,会促进塔内气液传质和化学反应过程。     

高酸值油脂酯化脱酸新工艺的研究

首先在2MPa充氮的反应釜内对高酸值米糠油进行预酯化处理,预酯化温度180℃、时间4h,在此条件下米糠油的FFA从20.5%降到13.8%;然后得出2MPa充氮条件下固定化脂肪酶酶法酯化脱酸反应的最优条件:酯化温度55℃,甘油添加量为0.31g,酯化时间8h,固定化脂肪酶添加量为油重5%,干燥剂添加量为油重1.5%,在此条件下米糠油的FFA由13.8%降至2.2%。     

高酸原油溶剂脱酸前后酸分布研究

以蓬莱19-3高酸原油为原料进行溶剂脱酸,对脱酸前后原油进行了实沸点蒸馏,并对原油和各馏分进行性质分析,考察了高酸原油脱酸前后酸分布的变化规律和各馏分的脱酸效果,并对回收环烷酸进行分子量分布研究。     

白炭黑脱酸新工艺——湿热空气脱酸

将白炭黑脱酸工艺由原来干热空气脱酸改为湿热空气脱酸，并进行对比实验，取得实验数据，介绍湿热空气脱酸的优越性；即脱酸所用时间短、减少产品中人为加入的杂质、运用吸附理论，讨论了干热空气脱酸和湿热空气脱酸两种不同脱酸方法的差异。     

Steam deacidification of palm oil

This work presents the application of response surface methodology (RSM) to the study of the effects of three factors (temperature, percent stripping steam and the stearin/olein ratio) on the losses/transfer of fatty compounds during the steam deacidification of blends of palm oil fractions (stearin and olein) as model systems. The responses of interest were the final oil acidity and the loss of neutral oil (NOL). These experiments were unprecedented in terms of the monitoring and controlling of the process variables during the heating and stripping periods in a laboratory scale batch deodorizer. The results revealed that the oil composition was an important and statistically significant factor in the selection of more suitable processing variables, besides temperature and steam.