一种从红辣素中制备高品质红辣素的方法

对红辣素中丙酮不溶物进行了研究,选取了脱胶剂、物料比、搅拌时间、搅拌温度作为参数,以红辣素中丙酮不溶物作为评价指标,优化了红辣素脱胶工艺,并由正交试验确定了除去红辣素中丙酮不溶物的最优条件:物料比5∶3 (g/mL),硫酸钾水溶液为40%、,搅拌时间为3h,搅拌温度为50℃。     

电力变压器油中丙酮体积分数分析方法的研究

介绍了国内外变压器绝缘老化绝缘诊断的发展及现状,建立了用顶空气相色谱法测定变压器油中微量丙酮的新方法,并对顶空法的样品预处理、方法的灵敏度、精密度、准确度、测定范围以及色谱条件进行了系统的研究。实验室试验和现场采样分析的验证表明,该方法稳定,测定结果良好,可用于变压器油样中微量丙酮的测定。     

异丙醇的生产工艺及应用

异丙醇是一种应用广泛的有机溶剂和化工原料,介绍了合成异丙醇生产技术路线,综合比较了丙酮加氢路线和丙烯水合路线的经济性,并分析了异丙醇的应用前景。丙酮加氢制异丙醇路线更具有经济性,异丙醇应用领域需进一步拓展。     

乙醇提取-丙酮沉淀法提取分离茶皂素的工艺研究

以油茶饼粕为原料，采用乙醇提取-丙酮沉淀法对茶皂素进行提取分离。以茶皂素纯度和得率为考察指标，对乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、提取液浓缩程度和丙酮用量等工艺参数进行了单因素优化。结果表明：体积分数95%的乙醇为提取溶剂，乙醇与预处理过的油茶饼粕液料比为9：1（mL：g），提取温度为70℃，提取时间为4 h，提取次数为2次，提取液浓缩至刚好有固体析出，丙酮用量为4倍浓缩液体积量时提取分离效果较佳，得到的茶皂素纯度为85.17%，得率为9.82%。不同溶剂打浆对产品纯化效果的比较发现：丙酮、乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇、体积分数95%的乙醇作为打浆纯化溶剂用于提高茶皂素纯度效果均不明显。     

基于喷墨打印的可实现敏感材料原位沉积和高温检测的柔性丙酮气体传感器

通过离子交换技术对衬底表面改性,然后喷墨打印掩膜图形,在聚酰亚胺衬底两面分别制备了银叉指电极和加热电阻.通过调节电阻加热器两端的直流偏压,实现25 ℃~280 ℃的控温加热.集成的加热器具有双重功能:纳米ZnO敏感薄膜原位沉积和高温检测.结果表明,该传感器对丙酮气体的灵敏度随温度单调增加(<150 ℃).此外,加热器促进了ZnO敏感薄膜表面丙酮气体分子的解吸,缩短了传感器响应和恢复时间,并减小了初始电阻的漂移.此外,在丙酮检测中,加热器能有效地减少湿度干扰.     

Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ips subelongatus</Emphasis> to Semiochemicals from Its Hosts,Non-hosts,and Conspecifics in China

Volatiles from hosts, non-hosts, interspecifics, and conspecifics of the Asian larch bark beetle, Ips subelongatus Motsch., were analyzed using both gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, and field trapping bioassays in Inner Mongolia, China. GC-EAD experiments indicated that I. subelongatus antennae (both sexes) strongly responded not only to the major male-produced conspecific components, ipsenol, and ipsdienol, but also to other bark beetle compounds (cis-verbenol and verbenone), host monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, and para-cymene) from Larix sp. logs, and non-host leaf (green leaf volatiles and geranyl acetone) and bark (C₈-alcohols and trans-conophthorin) volatiles. Repeatable EAD responses were also found to two compounds from hindgut extracts that are undetectable by GC. One of these minor compounds was identified as amitinol. Field trapping experiments showed that the EAD-active, major male-hindgut component, racemic ipsenol, is the only individual compound that significantly attracted both sexes of I. subelongatus, whereas all other compounds, including previously reported pheromone components of European Ips cembrae, ipsdienol and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, were unattractive. Ipsdienol, 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, or their binary blend had no synergistic or antagonistic effects on I. subelongatus attraction when combined with ipsenol, whereas cis-verbenol (a synomone) and verbenone (the antiaggregation semiochemical) inhibited its attraction to the ipsenol-containing attractive blend. A mixture of three EAD-active host monoterpenes, α-pinene, β-pinene, and para-cymene, was unattractive, but interrupted the pheromone response of I. subelongatus. Geranyl acetone, one of the strong EAD-active non-host volatiles also significantly reduced the number of I. subelongatus captured in traps baited with ipsenol-containing attractive blend. Our results add support to the recent phylogenetic finding that European and Asian larch bark beetles should be regarded as two distinct species: I. cembrae infecting larch in Europe and I. subelongatus infesting larch in Asia.     

丙酮汽提塔系统的工艺改造

原醋酸回收系统脱除丙酮的丙酮汽提塔效率很低,损失大量己烷。经改造后的脱丙酮系统脱丙酮的效率提高,己烷损失减少。每年可节约成本４０多万元,延长了设备的使用寿命。介绍了对丙酮汽提塔系统的工艺改造过程。     

工艺条件对丙酮高选择性一氯化反应的影响

采用填料塔作为氯化反应器,在塔内全回流的丙酮与氯气进行反应,实现了丙酮的高选择性一氯化。研究了水量及气速对一氯化选择性反应的影响。结果表明：水与丙酮体积比为１∶１５０时,产物中一氯丙酮的含量达到最大值;尽量低的通氯速率对避免重复氯化反应有利,在１７ｇ／ｈＣｌ２的条件下,所得产品中一氯丙酮的质量分数高达９３．８５％。另外,反应速度随氯气气速的增大而增大     

丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮

综述了丙酮一步法合成甲基异丁基酮的生产与研究现状。     

Poisoning of aldol condensation reaction with H2O on acid catalysts

The effect of chemisorbing water on three catalysts previously evaluated in the acetone condensation reaction has been studied. The active sites in that reaction are Lewis acid sites present either on the surface of alumina or of nonframework alumina in zeolites. These sites are poisoned by water and the reaction rate decreases at the pace of the loss of Lewis sites. The stoichiometry of the poisoning reactions is one water molecule per site on alumina and two water molecules per site on nonframework alumina. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.