基于色彩空间自然场景统计的无参考图像质量评价

RGB色彩空间中各色彩分量间存在强相关性, 图像发生失真会改变各分量间的相关性. 基于此, 本文提出了一种新的通用无参考图像质量评价方法. 首先, 根据人类视觉对RGB色彩空间中绿色分量更为敏感的颜色感知特性, 提取了G分量MSCN系数及其4方向邻域系数的统计特征; 其次, 在分析RGB色彩空间中R、G及B分量间相关性的基础上, 分别计算RGB色彩空间各色彩分量及其纹理、相位间的互信息, 利用互信息作为统计特征来描述其各分量间的相关性; 进而, 结合上述统计特征, 分别利用SVR和SVC构建无参考图像质量评价模型和图像失真类型识别模型; 最后, 在LIVE、CSIQ 及TID2008图像质量评价数据库上进行了算法与DMOS (Different mean opinion score)的相关性、失真类型识别及计算复杂性等方面的实验. 实验结果表明, 本文方法的评价结果与人类主观评价具有高度的一致性, 在LIVE 数据库上的斯皮尔曼等级相关系数和皮尔逊线性相关系数均在0.942以上; 而且, 图像失真类型识别模型的识别准确率也高达93.59%, 明显高于当今主流无参考图像质量评价方法.     

A case study of developing ICT-supported pedagogy through a collegial practice transfer process

A collegial practice transfer process between more- and less-experienced teachers was examined in two cases that sought to encourage teachers to use information and communication technology (ICT) in a pedagogically meaningful way. Collegial practice transfer aims to offer new models for in-service teacher training. The process included guiding sessions, training materials presenting authentic pedagogical examples, and try-outs in the classroom. The success of practice transfer was examined through comparing the classroom practices of more- and less-experienced teachers applying the Pedagogical Infrastructure Framework, and through analyzing the tutored teachers' self-reported experiences in interviews. The process provided flexible support and gave self-confidence to the less-experienced teachers. Technology use was successful, but the tutored teachers designed less coherent tasks and weaker support for pupils' collaboration, knowledge construction and metacognition than their more-experienced colleagues. When tutoring, underlying educational ideologies and reasons should be explicated in addition to practical issues of classroom orchestration and technology use.     

改进的部分可观Petri网系统在线故障诊断器设计

本文研究部分可观Petri网建模的离散事件系统的故障检测问题.针对现有的部分可观Petri网系统的在线故障诊断器存在故障诊断率较低的缺陷,本文提出了整数线性规划与广义互斥约束集成的部分可观Petri网系统在线故障诊断改进算法.假定部分可观Petri网系统的结构与初始标识为已知,故障被建模为不可观变迁.首先,算法需要观测接收事件序列,求解部分可观Petri网的整数线性规划问题,算法对系统的故障进行初步诊断.初步诊断为不确定诊断的情形,采用广义互斥约束的方法进行诊断.最后,通过离散事件系统实例分析,采用本文的算法,故障诊断率显著提高,验证了算法的有效性.     

基于线圈互感的阵列涡流传感器优化设计

线圈单元间互感一直是影响接收/发射式阵列涡流传感器准确性的干扰因素,工程实际中采用多种方法减弱线圈单元间互感对检测线圈单元的影响,但线圈单元间互感中包含缺陷信息,有效利用线圈单元间互感可以获得缺陷更多的信息,有利于缺陷的评估.运用ANSYS软件进行三维有限元仿真,利用线圈单元间互感研究了线圈单元相关参数对阵列涡流传感器检测灵敏度和空间分辨率的影响,理论上为基于线圈单元间互感的阵列涡流传感器的优化设计提供了参考.     

倾转旋翼机飞控系统的变精度粗糙集-OMELM故障诊断方法

结合变精度粗糙集(VPRS)和优化极限学习机(OMELM)诊断算法的优点,将变精度粗糙集引入OMELM中,提出变精度粗糙集-OMELM故障诊断方法,用于诊断倾转旋翼机过渡模式下飞控系统的故障。首先根据采集的倾转旋翼机多故障输出信号的数据特点,提出一种属性约简算法,定义了一种新的变精度粗熵;然后从信息论互信息增量的角度定义属性重要性,构造OMELM分类器并对约简后的属性特征进行故障多分类;最后以XV-15进行验证,结果表明所提出的方法平均辨识率高、诊断时间短。     

KICA模式匹配的动态过程监控与故障诊断方法

针对复杂化工过程具有的非线性、非高斯性和动态特征,提出了基于核独立成分分析(KICA)的模式匹配方法,用于动态过程监控和诊断。首先,利用滑动窗建立基准集与测试集的KICA模型,提取各自的核独立元:其次,融合余弦函数绝对值度量和距离度量,提出新的不相似度监控指标,识别训练与测试操作期间的相似模式,进行故障检测:最后,基于两类数据的核子空间之间的差异子空间,获得每个过程变量方向与该差异子空间之间的互信息,并定义新的非线性非高斯贡献度指标,进行故障诊断。基于污水处理过程的仿真结果表明,与主成分分析不相似度因子的方法、标准的独立成分分析(ICA)统计指标方法及标准的ICA T~2/SPE指标融合的贡献度方法相比,本文提出的方法具有更好的检测能力与故障诊断效果。     

基于条件互信息和概率突跳机制的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法

贝叶斯网络分类器的精确构造是NP难问题,使用K2算法可以有效地缩减搜索空间,提高学习效率。然而K2算法需要初始的节点次序作为输入,这在缺少先验信息的情况下很难确定;另一方面,K2算法采用贪婪的搜索策略,容易陷入局部最优解。提出了一种基于条件互信息和概率突跳机制的贝叶斯网络结构学习算法(CMI-PK2算法),该算法首先利用条件互信息生成有效的节点次序作为K2算法的输入,然后利用概率突跳机制改进K2算法的搜索过程来提高算法的全局寻优能力,学习较为理想的网络结构。在两个基准网络Asia和Alarm上进行了实验验证,结果表明CMI-PK2算法具有更高的分类精度和数据拟合程度。     

维吾尔语多词领域术语的自动抽取

多词领域术语抽取是自然语言处理技术中的一个重点和难点问题, 结合维吾尔语语言特征,该文提出了一种基于规则和统计相结合的维吾尔语多词领域术语的自动抽取方法。该方法分为四个阶段: ①语料预处理, 包括停用词过滤和词性标注; ② 对字串取N元子串, 利用改进的互信息算法和对数似然比率计算子串内部的联合强度, 结合词性构成规则, 构建候选维吾尔语多词领域术语集; ③ 利用相对词频差值, 得到尽可能多的维吾尔语多词领域术语; ④ 结合C_value值获取最终领域术语并作后处理。实验结果准确率为85.08%, 召回率为 73.19%, 验证了该文提出的方法在维吾尔语多词领域术语抽取上的有效性。     

Isolation enhancement between tightly spaced compact unidirectional patch‐antennas on multilayer EBG surfaces

In this article, ultracompact unidirectional patch antennas are used in different two‐antenna systems for biomedical applications at 5.2 GHz. Multilayer mushroom type electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are designed as slow‐wave medium to reduce the size of the individual patch antennas to 0.1λ₀ by 0.18λ₀. Various techniques are investigated herein to improve antenna isolation for an enhanced Multiple‐Input Multiple‐Output (MIMO) performance. First, the coupling between 0.3λ₀‐spaced antennas is verified to occur dominantly through radiation and near‐field coupling between the patches rather than through substrate‐bound modes. Second, various configurations are proposed to suppress antenna coupling. These approaches include reorientation of the antennas and employment of parasitic radiators between the patches. A novel design is presented in which a unidirectional parasitic slot radiator on an EBG reflector is inserted between the antennas to decouple them. Measurement results confirm efficacy of these approaches in mitigating antenna coupling by more than 11 dB in the operating bandwidth of the antennas. The compact patch antennas maintain efficiency values of higher than 70%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:30–38, 2015.     

Novel ultra‐compact two‐dimensional waveguide‐based metasurface for electromagnetic coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array

A novel ultracompact two‐dimensional (2D) waveguide‐based metasurface is proposed herein and applied for the first time to reduce mutual coupling in antenna array for multiple‐input multiple‐output applications. The unit cell of the proposed 2D waveguide‐based metasurface is ultracompact (8.6 mm × 4.8 mm, equal to λ₀/14.2 × λ₀/25.5) mainly due to the symmetrical spiral lines etched on the ground. The metasurface exhibits a bandgap with two transmission zeros attributing to the negative permeability in the vicinity of magnetic resonance and the negative permittivity in the vicinity of electric resonance. Taking advantage of these two features, a microstrip antenna array is then designed, fabricated, and measured by embedding an 8 × 1 array of the well‐engineered 2D waveguide‐based metasurface elements between two closely spaced (9.2 mm, equal to λ₀/13.3) H‐plane coupled rectangular patches. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured results, indicating that the metasurface effectively reduces antenna mutual coupling by more than 11.18 dB and improves forward gain. The proposed compact structure has one of the highest reported decoupling efficiencies among similar periodic structures with comparable dimensions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:789–794, 2015.