四川盆地西缘晚新生代大邑砾岩的物源及其成因：来自重矿物和孢粉的证据

新生代早期印度与欧亚板块的俯冲碰撞造就了巍峨高耸的青藏高原.然而,在其相邻的四川盆地,伴随青藏高原强烈隆升所堆积的碎屑沉积物,最老仅能追索到晚新生代的大邑砾岩.因此,解读广泛发育于四川盆地西缘的大邑砾岩成因对获取青藏高原及其周缘古环境信息及理解相关的构造演化过程具有重要意义.本文报告了对三个典型大邑砾岩剖面样品的重矿物和孢粉组合研究结果,试图从大邑砾岩的物源区和沉积环境来解读大邑砾岩的成因.大邑砾岩中重矿物种类繁多,表明相应物源区具有多种岩石类型.除极不稳定矿物外,大邑砾岩新鲜剖面样品的重矿物组合与现代岷江沉积极其相似,表明大邑砾岩是经由岷江通道输送到四川盆地的;富含石榴子石等远源矿物表明当时的古岷江已切穿龙门山,深入到松潘-甘孜褶皱带内.孢粉分析显示孢粉含量极低,为0.2粒/克,孢粉类型以高山黯针叶林成分为主,混有少量落叶阔叶林和草本植物花粉,显示了高寒的环境.结合已有的年代学结果,本文认为大邑砾岩是形成于2.0Ma的冰水沉积物,其形成反映了青藏高原第四纪早期的寒冷环境.     

甘肃玉门5.9级地震前周至数字化综合观测井的异常特征

2002年12月14日,甘肃玉门发生5．9级地震,震前,距离震中1000km的周至地震台地下水数字化综合观测井的地热、水位、流量三个测项都出现了明显的短临异常显示。本文介绍了震前周至井出现的短临异常变化。与该台历史手工观测结果对比,数字化观测更有利于捕捉短临前兆信息及其变化的完整过程。     

甘肃玉门地区第四纪晚期构造阶地的红外释光测年

光释光（ＯＳＬ）测年是近几年从热释光（ＴＬ）测年基础工起来的测定第四纪沉积物年龄的一种新技术，其原理与ＴＬ测年类似。不同的是：ＯＳＬ是单色光束激发品体中储存的电离辐射能使其以光的形式释放出来。当用近红外线束作为激光光源时称之为红外释光测年。与ＴＬ测年相比，ＩＳＬ测年可以不考虑残留的ＯＳＬ信号，而且测量具有简便，迅速且准确等优点。本文用细颗粒红外释放技术对玉门地区的构造阶地进行了年龄测定，初步结果表     

北票盆地侏罗纪砾岩沉积特征及对区域构造演化的指示

陆相盆地充填沉积物中砾岩沉积特征分析是示踪物源及反演源区构造演化背景的重要手段之一。通过对辽西北票盆地侏罗系的砾岩层沉积特征及砾岩的分散型式分析发现，北票盆地砾岩的沉积特征明显受到火山作用的影响，物源主要以盆地前期或同期火山岩及西缘前中生代沉积地层和变质岩系为主，砾石成分组成自下向上表现出一定的规律性变化，与盆地两次大的火山－沉积作用旋回有很好的对应关系，表现为从沉积早期以火山岩砾石为主向晚期以沉积岩及变质岩砾石为主的演化过程。早侏罗世晚期及晚侏罗世晚期砾岩主要为复成分砾岩，松散堆积，填隙物主要为泥砂质．分散型式为混合型，应为盆地在侏罗纪经历的两次大的逆冲推覆作用的沉积响应。中侏罗海房沟组巨厚的粗砾岩沉积对应于盆地西缘的一次快速隆升事件。     

2002年12月14日甘肃省玉门市5.9级地震概述

2002年12月14日，甘肃省玉门市发生5．9级地震，这是继2001年7月11日肃南5．3级地震后，在祁连山西段发生的又一次破坏性地震。极震区烈度为Ⅶ度，地震造成灾害损失达7000万人民币。文章对该震的基本参数、震源机制、地震序列、地震背景、震害损失评估及地震应急等作了概述。     

The Age and Character of the Yu''erhong Flora from Yumen, Gansu

From a fresh field investigation, it has been ascertained that the Late Palaeozoic Yu'erhong (Yuernhung) flora from Yu'erhong, Yumen, Gansu, northwestern China, studied by Bohlin in 1971 includes plants from the Westphalian Yangfukou Formation and the Stephanian to Sakmarian Taiyuan Formation. The Yu'erhong flora from the Yanghukou Formation is dominated by Euramerican elements with a few elements of the Cathaysian flora. No Angarian elements have be found in this section for lack of Late Permian strata. The specimens studied by Bohlin might possibly come from the upper part of the Upper Permian at tne southeastern corner . of the Yu'erhong basin. Those fossils from different horizons and localities might be mixed with each other during collection ;so they fail to reflect the exact horizon of certain plant fossils.     

祁连山北缘玉门砾岩的磁性地层年代与褶皱过程*

在我国西部致使玉门砾岩强烈褶皱变形的构造运动是喜马拉雅运动中重要的一幕。祁连山北缘老君庙逆断裂-褶皱带前翼发育的生长地层为认识玉门砾岩褶皱的过程提供了重要证据。通过对这套生长地层及其内部渐进不整合几何形态和结构的详细填图以及磁性地层年代学研究,认为玉门砾岩的底界具有穿时性,其年龄可能由东南向西北变小,其底界年龄在牛胳套剖面约4Ma,在青草湾西剖面约3.55Ma。玉门砾岩的褶皱变形在牛胳套剖面起始于约3Ma,沉积速率由约260m/Ma变为170m/Ma,在青草湾西剖面起始于约1.2Ma。结合构造变形的样式、强度及侵蚀程度推断老君庙逆断裂-褶皱带是以约7.8km/Ma的速率由东南向西北侧向扩展生长的。发育在背斜前翼的多个退覆-超覆生长楔表明玉门砾岩的褶皱变形由3~4个活跃期和平静期组成,这反映了祁连山及其北部前陆盆地内褶皱逆冲席体向前陆方向的不断扩展生长过程, 但并不能简单地以此作为整个祁连山或青藏高原多次垂直隆升的证据。     

Deposition and diagenesis of carbonate conglomerates in the Kremenara anticline, Albania: a paragenetic time marker in the Albanian foreland fold-and-thrust belt

This paper addresses the diagenesis of carbonate conglomerates in that it assesses the potential of conglomerates in refining the paragenetic history in complex structural areas, such as the Albanian foreland fold‐and‐thrust belt. Of major interest are stylolites (burial and tectonic) which are restricted to conglomerate fragments or which crosscut the conglomerate matrix. Based on the inferred age of stylolite development in relation to burial, uplift and tectonic history, and the Lower to Middle Miocene age of the conglomerates, the succession of diagenetic events was subdivided into several stages. The Poçem polymict transgressive carbonate conglomerate (Kremenara anticline, central Albania) was deposited in a shallow marine environment. These conglomerates are covered by intertidal rhodolithic packstones–grainstones. The stable‐isotope signature of these packstones–grainstones (δ¹⁸O_V‐PDB = −1·0 to +0·7‰; δ¹³C = +1·0 to +1·4‰) plots is within the range of marine Early and Middle Miocene values. Shortly after deposition of the conglomerates, micritization, geopetal infill and acicular calcite cementation took place. A first calcite vein generation is interpreted as having formed from a Messinian brine during shallow burial. Burial stylolites developed during further burial in the Pliocene. These stylolites serve as an important diagenetic time marker. The post‐burial stylolite meteoric calcite vein cement probably precipitated during the following telogenetic stage. Karstification and calcite concretion precipitiation pre‐date overturning of the western limb of the anticline. Reopening of subvertical fractures and tectonic stylolites in the western limb of the Kremenara anticline, followed by oil migration, represents one of the latest diagenetic events. These fractures and stylolites provide major pathways for hydrocarbon production.     

Sedimentary evolution of a foreland basin from the northeastern Qilian Mountains based on the integration of geomorphological and luminescence dating of alluvial conglomerates and fluvial terrace sediments

Sedimentary deposits in the foreland basin of the northeastern Qilian Mountains are crucial documents recording tectonic activity and climate changes on the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, luminescence dating was used to date alluvial conglomerates and fluvial terrace sediments collected from the Beida River in the Jiuquan Basin, a foreland basin in the Hexi Corridor, northeastern Qilian Mountains. Detailed sedimentology and luminescence ages reveal that alluvial conglomerates accumulated from before 620 ka to 12 ka and that sediment accumulation rates increased at ∼330 ka and ∼35 ka, coinciding with the dates of two tectonic events (∼350 and ∼50 ka) and followed by climate cooling (from marine isotope stage (MIS) 9 to MIS 8 and from MIS 3 to MIS 2). This reveals that variations in the sediment accumulation rates are controlled by the coupling of tectonic uplift and climate cooling. The highest terrace (T7) that developed on the alluvial conglomerate base formed at ∼ 12 ka. The incision rate in the early Holocene was ∼2.1 mm/yr and increased to ∼14.6 mm/yr during the middle and late Holocene. The variations in the river incision rate provide geomorphic evidence for Holocene climate patterns in arid and semiarid areas. Luminescence dating offers a credible temporal framework for the deposits and reveals climate and tectonic effects on the evolution of the foreland basin, northeastern Qilian Mountains.     

Stone pillar rockfall in Danxia landform area,Mt. Langshan,Hunan Province,China

A typical Danxia stone pillar, Leipishi I, in the World Natural Heritage site at Mt. Langshan, China, collapsed on 2 November 2009. To understand the mechanism controlling this rockfall event, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, resistance against sulfuric acid, and freezing and thawing properties were analyzed from 44 sandstone and conglomerate cores collected from the Lanlong Formation, the only exposed formation on Mt. Langshan. In addition, four rock slices were created for analysis under a polarizing microscope. A detailed reconstruction of the geometry and restraint conditions of the stone pillar in place before the rockfall occurred permitted an estimation of the stress state before collapse using 3D finite-element code. The results show that the rapid retreat of soft, intercalated rock layers due to weathering can profoundly change the stress state within the rock body, causing compressive or tensile stresses to rise above compressive or tensile strengths in specific sections of a rock body, and causing partial or complete collapse.