Modelling the biogeochemistry of a tidal flat ecosystem with EcoTiM

The ecological tidal model simulates the cycling of carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and silicate and describes the tidal, diurnal, and annual dynamics of the back barrier area of the island Spiekeroog in the German Bight. The region is characterized by strong tidal currents and extensive tidal flats. It is strongly influenced by the conditions in the southern part of the German Bight. This model study investigates the dependence of the model behavior on the boundary conditions and the forcing. The effect of short- and long-term sea level rise on nutrient and plankton dynamics is analyzed. As the model is set up as semi-Lagrangian with only a coarse approximation of the hydrodynamics, the seasonal and intratidal variability in the biogeochemical cycling can only be reproduced qualitatively. By varying the boundary conditions, the intrinsic dynamics of the back barrier area can be separated from boundary condition effects. This study shows that any agreement between model results and field data cannot be expected without correct boundary conditions. The seasonal variability is of major importance, while higher-frequency variability only plays a minor role.     

POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY OF MONTHLY PRECIPITATION OVER CHINA

In this paper,based on the data at 70 stations selected evenly over China for 31 years from1961—1991.three methods to estimate climatic noise have been discussed and then the climaticnoise and potential predictability of monthly precipitation(January.July.April and October)havebeen examined.The estimating of climatic noise is based on the method of Madden and improvedmethods of Trenberth and Yamamoto et al.(1985).The potential predictability is approximatedby the ratio of the estimated interannual variation to the natural variation.Generally.the climaticnoise of monthly precipitation over China has obvious seasonal variation and it is greater in summerthan in winter,a bit greater in autumn than in spring.In most areas,the climatic noise isprominently decreasing from south to north and from coast to inland.The potential predictabilityof monthly precipitation also has obvious seasonal and regional difference,but the potentialpredictability is greater in winter than in summer in most parts of China.Whereas the comparisonof spring and autumn is not obvious.Comparing with the method of Madden,the estimated valuesof climatic noise based on the improved methods of Trenberth and Yamamoto et al.are relativelylower.     

月尺度降水可预报性的实验研究

利用信噪方差比探讨了山东省月尺度降水可预报性,发现２～３月、９～１０月不可预报,其它月份可预报性强。一般大气环流系统冬夏转换季节可预报性差。与１３个代表站预报评分进行了比较,发现可预报性指数越高,则实际预报评分也相对较高,两者有较好的对应关系。     

四川石棉田湾金矿床韧性剪切构造带地球化学障的成矿意义

康定－石棉－冕宁韧性剪切带在其成生演化过程中,产生大量剪切构造及次级断裂,造成扩张空间。在这些剪切带扩张空间内,由于化学的、物理的及生物化学条件发生突变,导致热液的地球化学平衡被破坏,促使自然金沉淀析出,并聚集在剪切带内构成矿床。剪切带不仅是含金热液迁移的通道,而且也是发生成矿作用的有利空间和成矿物质沉淀富集的理想场所,是一种具有重要成矿意义的地球化学障。     

复膜沙袋阻沙体与芦苇高立式方格沙障防沙机理风洞模拟实验

模型按1:10比例尺设计,在u_∞=7.0 m·s^-1、u_∞=10.0 m·s^-1和u_∞=15.0 m·s^-1实验风速下,先在纯气流作用下测定流场结构,然后在风沙流作用下测定蚀积状况。实验结果表明:紧密型、疏透型和通风型3种不同结构的复膜沙袋阻沙体前近处分布有拐角阻滞绕流区、阻沙体顶下方抬升加速区、阻沙体后回流区、阻沙体后贴地层低速回流区等流场特征结构,紧密型、疏透型两种类型复膜沙袋阻沙体防风阻沙效果显著;2.5 m×2.5 m、5 m×5 m和10 m×10 m的高立式芦苇方格前沿流速逐渐增大,最大值出现于迎风第一格上空,而后逐渐阻滞减速,至15~20 m处趋于稳定,区内积沙均匀。复膜沙袋阻沙体与原状芦苇高立式方格沙障适宜于流动性沙漠地区各种设施的沙害防治工程。     

时空投影模型(STPM)的次季节至季节(S2S)预测应用进展

随着数值天气预报技术和季节动力预报系统的发展,短期天气预报及长期气候预测的能力持续提高,然而介于两者之间的次季节至季节(S2S,两周至三个月)预测技巧偏低,成为当今气象学界和业务服务的难题。南京信息工程大学国家特聘专家李天明教授团队于2012年研发了基于时空投影技术的统计预报模型(STPM),成功地对中国大陆降水和气温距平,以及区域极端降水、夏季高温、冬季低温和西太平洋台风群发事件等高影响天气进行提前10~30 d的预报,并在国家气候中心及多个省份开展了业务应用。STPM也成功应用于台湾春雨预报、南海季风爆发和ENSO预测等季节至年际变化的预测。本文对S2S预测的理论基础、STPM的发展和应用进行了完整的介绍,并讨论了S2S预测业务中所面临的挑战和未来展望。     

南海中部海域障碍层特征及其形成机制

南海中部海域(10°~19°N,108°~122°E)存在显著的季节变化的障碍层.障碍层发生概率夏季最大(52.8%),秋季次之(41.0%),春季最小(10.5%).夏季(2000年8~9月)障碍层最显著,平均厚度约为14.2m;除114°E以东、吕宋岛以西海域为障碍层的多发区外,中南半岛东南海域(12°~14°N,110°~114°E)也存在显著的障碍层;春季(1998年4~6月)和秋季(1998年12月)障碍层平均厚度分别为6.8和11.2m,障碍层多位于114°E以东、吕宋岛以西海域.此外,吕宋岛以西海域(12°~16°N,116°~120°E)及中沙和西沙群岛附近(16°~18°N,110°~116°E)海域障碍层年发生几率超过20%,相对而言,其他海域障碍层年发生几率偏小.降水机制和层结机制分别是南海中部海域春、夏季和秋季障碍层形成的主要原因.其中,降水机制及东南向的Ekman平流较好的解释了春、夏季吕宋岛以西附近海域成为障碍层多发区的原因;此外,强降水是夏季中南半岛东南海域(12°~14°N,110°~114°E)障碍层产生的关键,反气旋涡(暖涡)有助于形成更强的障碍层,上升流对障碍层的影响有待进一步研究.     

赤道东印度洋和孟加拉湾障碍层厚度的年际变化及其影响机制

Interannual variability(IAV) in the barrier layer thickness(BLT) and forcing mechanisms in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean(EEIO) and Bay of Bengal(BoB) are examined using monthly Argo data sets during 2002–2017. The BLT during November–January(NDJ) in the EEIO shows strong IAV, which is associated with the Indian Ocean dipole mode(IOD), with the IOD leading the BLT by two months. During the negative IOD phase, the westerly wind anomalies driving the downwelling Kelvin waves increase the isothermal layer depth(ILD). Moreover, the variability in the mixed layer depth(MLD) is complex. Affected by the Wyrtki jet, the MLD presents negative anomalies west of 85°E and strong positive anomalies between 85°E and 93°E. Therefore, the BLT shows positive anomalies except between 86°E and 92°E in the EEIO. Additionally, the IAV in the BLT during December–February(DJF) in the BoB is also investigated. In the eastern and northeastern BoB, the IAV in the BLT is remotely forced by equatorial zonal wind stress anomalies associated with the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO). In the western BoB, the regional surface wind forcing-related ENSO modulates the BLT variations.     

Parameter analysis for gate metal—oxide—semiconductor structures of ion-implanted 4H silicon carbide metal—semiconductor field-effect transistors

From the theoretical analysis of the thermionic emission model of current--voltage characteristics, this paper extracts the parameters for the gate Schottky contact of two ion-implanted 4H-SiC metal--semiconductor field-effect transistors (sample A and sample B for three and four times multiple ion-implantation channel region respectively) fabricated in the experiment, including the ideality factor, the series resistance, the zero-field barrier height, the interface oxide capacitance, the interface state density distribution, the neutral level of interface states and the fixed space charge density. The methods to improve the interface of the ion-implanted Schottky contact are given at last.     

水力插板在海港工程中的应用

水力插板技术具有安全稳定性高、施工速度快等优点,经过长期的现场试验逐步形成了水力插板与抛石防护相结合这样一种工程建设模式,将此项技术应用到海港工程中具有其特殊优势,值得推广应用。