车载动力电池组温升特性仿真及实验研究

利用ANSYS有限元软件对车载LiFePO4锂离子电池组进行温升特性仿真分析,同时,通过高低温实验箱和放电电流控制器模拟电池组的工作环境,对锂离子电池组进行了放电实验,对电池组温升特性进行了分析,以验证ANSYS模拟仿真的正确性与真实性,据此获得锂离子电池热稳定性及安全性随放电电流、温度变化的规律,以及在电池组串联过程中随体积/表面积之比变化的规律,以得到其更真实的热特性。     

2205双相不锈钢包埋粉末渗硼性能研究

目的 提高2205双相不锈钢的硬度和耐蚀性能.方法 2205双相不锈钢采用固体包埋粉末渗硼,于马沸炉中分别在830、860、890℃下保温5 h;在860℃下保温3、5、7 h,随炉冷却到室温.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察渗硼层的形貌和测定渗硼层的厚度,用维氏硬度计测定渗硼层的硬度,用纳米压痕仪测定渗硼层不同深度的硬度,用X射线衍射仪分析渗硼层的物相组成,评定渗硼层与基体的结合力,做不同介质下耐蚀性对比试验.结果 渗硼层与基体结合牢固,破坏等级评为一级,渗硼层主要由Fe2 B单相组成.在860℃下保温不同时间,渗硼层的厚度及硬度均随时间的增长而逐渐增大;在不同温度下保温5 h时,渗硼层的厚度及硬度随温度的升高而逐渐增大.渗硼后试样在质量分数都为10%的HCl和NaCl溶液中耐蚀性提高,在质量分数均为10%的H2 SO4、NaOH和HNO3溶液中耐蚀性变差.结论 固体粉末包埋法渗硼工艺改善了2205双相不锈钢的表面组织和性能,有效提高了其硬度及耐蚀性.     

氧化钇对TC4钛合金表面包埋渗硼的影响

目的 加快TC4钛合金表面固体渗硼时渗层的生长,研究渗剂中添加Y2O3对渗硼的影响。方法 采用固体粉末包埋渗法对TC4基材进行1 050 ℃/8 h渗硼,包括渗剂中不添加Y2O3以及渗剂中分别添加质量分数为1%、3%、5%、7%Y2O3的试验研究。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、波谱仪和X射线衍射仪分析渗硼样品的截面形貌、元素含量和表面物相,并测量渗硼样品的表面硬度和摩擦系数。结果 在渗剂中加入1%~7%的Y2O3,渗硼层结构与未添加氧化钇渗剂形成的相同,由致密连续的TiB2层和TiB晶须扩散层组成。Y2O3促进渗层生长的作用与其添加量密切相关。渗剂中加入1%~3%的Y2O3有促进渗硼层生长的作用,且加入3%的Y2O3时,催渗效果最佳,可使渗硼层厚度增加40.24%,但加入5%~7%的Y2O3时反而会抑制渗硼层的生长。能谱分析表明,Y原子能够扩散到渗硼层内,且渗硼层中存在原子数分数为0.01%~0.34%的微量Y元素,其随渗剂中Y2O3含量的增加而增加。热力学分析发现,Y2O3参与渗剂反应形成活性Y原子而渗入基体。向渗硼试剂中加入3%的Y2O3,样品的表面硬度较未添加Y2O3时提高35.54%,摩擦系数较未添加Y2O3时降低28.57%。结论 向渗硼试剂中加入适量氧化钇,是获得TC4合金表面高渗速、高硬度和低摩擦系数渗硼层的一种有效方法。     

马氏体不锈钢Cr-N包埋共渗涂层的耐腐蚀性以及应用

目的 研究在440A马氏体不锈钢表面沉积Cr2N涂层,以提高其耐腐蚀性的可行性。方法 采用包埋法并在1100 ℃下保温4 h后炉冷,得到表面涂覆Cr2N涂层的马氏体不锈钢。利用SEM、EDS、XRD研究氮铬共渗层的微观组织,利用极化曲线初步评估涂层的耐腐蚀性,分别在室温和60 ℃下的0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中进行全浸泡水浴腐蚀实验,进一步评估涂层的耐腐蚀性。结果 在30Cr2N- 2NH4Cl-68Al2O3渗剂中经1100 ℃保温4 h后,可在不锈钢表面形成致密的Cr2N涂层,涂层组织为Cr2N层（约17 μm）和富Cr沉积层（约19 μm）。表面Cr2N涂层光滑且致密,无裂纹和针孔等缺陷。在模拟PEMFC酸性环境的腐蚀液中（0.05 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–）,不锈钢原样、不锈钢涂层样品的自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流分别为-0.623 V和3274 μA/cm2、-0.212 V和0.0362 μA/cm2。在水浴腐蚀实验中,不锈钢涂层样品在室温0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中经12 000 h腐蚀后仍未失重,而原样则以0.007 g/h的失重速率溶解;不锈钢涂层样品在60 ℃的0.5 mol/L H2SO4+2 mg/L F–腐蚀液中经800 h腐蚀后仍未失重,而不锈钢原样以0.252 g/h的失重速率快速溶解。结论 表面沉积Cr2N涂层的马氏体不锈钢相对于原样其耐腐蚀性能明显 提高。     

Research on heat dissipation performance and flow characteristics of air‐cooled battery pack

With the depletion of fossil fuels and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the research and development speed of electric vehicles has been accelerating, and the thermal management of battery pack has become increasingly important. This paper selects the electric vehicle battery pack with natural air cooling as the study subject, conducts simulation analysis of the heat dissipation performance of battery packs with and without vents. Then this paper researches on the influence of internal flow field and external flow field. Field synergy principle is used to analyze the effect of velocity field and temperature field amplitude. The results show the following: it is found that the maximum temperature rise and the internal maximum temperature difference of the battery pack with vents are reduced by about 23.1% and 19.9%, raising speed value can improve the heat dissipation performance, and raising temperature value can decrease the heat dissipation performance. Reasonable design of the vents can make the inner and outer flow field work synergistically to achieve the best cooling effect. Then the reference basis for the air cooling heat dissipation performance analysis of electric vehicle, battery pack structure arrangement, and air‐inlet and air‐outlet pattern choosing are offered.     

Freshness and quality attributes of cold stored Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda) gravad

Quality and safety parameters of Atlantic bonito gravad during 42 days of storage at 7 ± 1 °C were analysed using monitoring sensory quality, microbial contamination, nucleotide degradation products, biogenic amines (BA), trimethylamine (TMA) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The shelf‐life of vacuum packed Atlantic bonito gravad was found to be 28 days. Total viable count (TVC) did not exceed 6 log CFU g^?1. Malonodialdehyde (MDA) content did not surpass 10 mg kg^?1. Nine biogenic amines were detected. Histamine level at the end of the storage was 355.3 mg kg^?1. TMA increased from 53.9 to 619.1 mg kg^?1. Among indicators based on the products of nucleotide degradation, the H value is best correlated with the sensory assessment. It can be concluded that the storage temperature of bonito gravad must be below 7 °C to prevent the threat to safety and quality posed by biogenic amines, especially histamine.     

热轧带钢卷及型钢全自动捆扎机的创新设计

在考察了国内现有热轧带钢卷与型钢生产线的捆扎现状以及研究了国内外多种钢材打捆机的基础上,研制了一种全新的带钢卷、型钢全自动捆扎机。详细介绍了该捆扎机的整体结构;系统阐述了该捆扎机主要组成部分以及性能原理。该捆扎机结构巧妙,易于操作和维护,能适应各种恶劣的工作环境。     

The bipolar plate of AISI 1045 steel with chromized coatings prepared by low-temperature pack cementation for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

The low-temperature pack chromization, a reforming pack cementation process, is employed to modify AISI 1045 steel for the application of bipolar plates in PEMFC. The process is conducted to yield a coating, containing major Cr-carbides and minor Cr-nitrides, on the substrate in view of enhancing the steel's corrosion resistance and lowering interfacial contact resistance between the bipolar plate and gas diffusion layer. Electrical discharge machining and rolling approach are used as the pretreatment to produce an activated surface on the steel before pack chromization process to reduce operating temperatures and increase deposition rates. The rolled-chromized steel shows the lowest corrosion current density, 3 × 10⁻⁸ A cm⁻², and the smallest interfacial contact resistance, 5.9 mΩ cm², at 140 N cm⁻² among all tested steels. This study clearly states the performance of 1045 carbon steel modified by activated and low-temperature pack chromization processes, which possess the potential to be bipolar plates in the application of PEMFC.     

矩形喷丝板组件设计

本文阐述了矩形喷丝板组件设计中较为关键的密封设计、导流板内腔设计及矩形喷丝板的刚度计算。     

防火墙技术的发展

随着Internet的迅速发展，网络越来越接近人们的生活，网络安全日益成为大家关注的问题，防火墙技术也越来越多地应用于网络中，文章对防火墙技术的发展作了全面介绍，并对几种防火墙技术作了比较。