Effect of ATRA on Contents of liver Retinoids, Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Injury in Rat Model of Extrahepatic Cholestasis

The effects of all-trans-retinoic acid （ATRA） administration on the concentration of retinoids （RA and vitamin A） in liver, oxidative stress and the hepatic injury in a rat model of common bile duct ligation （CBDL）-induced liver injury were investigated. Female rats were subjected to a sham （n=5） or CBDL （n=48）. Two weeks after operation, rats undergoing CBDL were randomized to receive treatment with either ATRA at three different doses （0.1, 1.5, 7.5 mg/kg） dissolved in bean oil or only bean oil every day over a 4-week experimental period. Rats were killed and blood samples were collected from the heart for determination of the serum transaminase. The contents of retinoids in rat liver were detected by using HPLC. Malondialdehyde （MDA）, glutathione （GSH） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels in liver were determined by a spectrophotometric method according to the instruction of the kits. Liver pathologic changes were observed under the light microscopy and electron microscopy. The results showed that compared with sham-operated group, the levels of retinoids in the liver tissue were significantly decreased in the CBDL group （P〈0.01）. ATRA （0.1 mg/kg） administration in CBDL rats partially restored the contents of retinoids （P〈0.05）. Liver RA and vita- min A contents in CBDL group were significantly increased after ATRA （1.5 and 7.5 mg/kg） supplementation as compared with sham-operated group （P〈0.05）. However, in ATRA-treated CBDL group, hepatic GSH level and SOD activity, depressed by CBDL, and hepatic MDA level, increased by CBDL were returned to those in sham-operated group （P〈0.05）. The histologic observation of liver tissues indicated that ATRA treatment notably alleviated hepatocellular swelling, steatosis, the. swelling of mitochondria and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum （SER）. Treatment with ATRA could reduce levels of serum transaminase as compared with sham-operated group, more greatly in 1.5 and 7.5 mg/kg ATRA-treated     

医改必须坚持公立医疗机构的公益性——对医改中机制和资金先后问题的思考

新一轮的医疗体制改革方案正在酝酿之中,建立政府主导的四项基本制度已经达成共识,但对改革的具体措施存在诸多的分歧和争议,特别是在转变机制和增加投入的先后问题上。本文通过对中国医疗体制历史及现状的回顾、分析,列举了机制和资金对实施医改四项基本制度的影响,阐述了在两者相结合的前提下,转变机制,坚持公立医疗机构的公益性应占据更重要的位置。     

2,4-二甲基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-3-甲酸的合成

乙酰乙酸叔丁酯经系列反应得到的氨基酮与乙酰乙酸乙酯经Knorr反应得2，4-二甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1H-吡咯-5-羧酸叔丁酯，再经甲酰化、水解得抗肿瘤药舒尼替尼的重要中间体2，4-二甲基-5-甲酰基-1H-吡咯-3-甲酸，总收率约为44％。     

改良Manouguian法用于成人主动脉根部窄小主动脉瓣置换

成人主动脉瓣置换时,如果主动脉瓣环窄小,主动脉瓣位往往无法植入与其体表面积相适应的人工心脏瓣膜,大多需扩大主动脉瓣环.1991年4月～2005年3月我们采用改良Manouguian方法对7例成人心瓣膜病合并主动脉根部窄小患者施行了主动脉瓣环扩大、心瓣膜替换术,现报道如下.     

先切断主支气管的全肺切除术治疗肺门肿块型肺癌

目的 总结先切断主支气管的全肺切除术用于治疗肺门肿块型肺癌的临床经验.方法 对46例肺门肿块型肺癌开胸后先解剖肺门背侧胸膜,游离、结扎、切断主支气管,以爱力斯钳夹住主支气管远断端并提起,显露出肺动脉鞘后壁,然后打开肺动脉鞘,在鞘内钝性分离肺动脉下壁,结扎切断肺动脉,行病肺切除.结果 46例患者中术后并发呼吸衰竭1例,死亡1例.无支气管胸膜瘘,无脓胸.结论 先切断主支气管全肺切除术式较为安全、简便、省时,使一些用常规方法不易切除的肺癌得以轻松切除,提高了手术切除率.     

新疆党参多糖的提取、含量分析及免疫功能的初步研究

新疆党参Codonopsis clematidea(schrenk)Clarke为桔梗科党参属多年生草本植物.药用根,其性甘、平,补脾胃,益气血,生津止渴,是重要的传统补益中药,民间用于治疗功能性子宫出血、体虚无力、胃下垂、风湿性心脏病等[1].据报道:新疆党参含12种生命必需微量元素;含37种挥发成分[2];在小鼠脑内抗自由基作用优于潞党参[3].新疆党参在全疆均有分布,且储量丰富,但对新疆党参的利用却很少,为了开发这一药用资源,我们从新疆党参中提取CCP,并对其含量进行测定[4],通过动物细胞培养试验,测定CCP刺激淋巴细胞增殖的功能,来探讨CCP的免疫增作用.     

“八脉交会穴”配伍“郄穴”临证举隅

笔者运用八脉交会穴配伍郄穴为主治疗多种疾病，疗效满意，且举验案数则于下：一、内关、公孙配伍阴郄、郄门、梁丘治验：赵××，男，５６岁，１９９０年３月９日诊。患冠心病已３年，近半年发作较频繁，病情渐趋严重。现症：胸闷气短，心痛彻背，纳差乏力，烦躁少寐，四末不温，舌红苔黄，脉细涩。证属中医胸痹，缘由心气不足，心脉瘀阻所致。遂取八脉交会穴内关、公孙，郄穴阴郄、郄门，均针双侧，加刺膻中、巨阙，用平补平泻法，共奏益气养血、化瘀止痛之功、每日针一次，共针１０次痊愈，半年后随访未复发。李××，女，３５岁，１９９…     

中国人股深动脉及其分支的观测

本文对103具尸体,即206例下肢的股深动脉的分支类型、起源于股动脉的方位、起点至腹股沟韧带的直线距离、起点和大隐静脉汇入处高度的比较,股动脉、股深动脉及其主要分支的管径等进行了观测和统计分析,并与国内、外有关统计数据进行了比较。     

人肝细胞中雌激素受体α基因启动子使用情况的鉴定

目的 鉴定人肝细胞中雌激素受体α(estrogen receptorα,ESR1)基因启动子使用情况.方法 常规培养和刺激HepG2和L02细胞,甲醛固定细胞,超声剪切染色质,采用利用PolⅡ CTD末端Ser5特异性抗体进行染色质免疫沉淀(PolⅡ-ChIP),针对文献报道的8个可能启动子区设计引物进行PCR扩增,鉴定ESR1基因启动子的使用情况.结果 β-雌二醇刺激不同肝细胞后进行PolⅡ-ChIP发现,HepG2肝癌细胞株中ESR1启动子E1、E2、F沉淀出有PolⅡ的结合的片段,而在L02细胞株中则仅启动子D有PolⅡ的结合的片段沉淀出来.结论 不同肝细胞中ESR1的表达受不同的启动子的调控.HepG2肝癌细胞株中ESR1的表达受启动子E1、E2、F调控,而在L02细胞株中ESR1的表达受启动子D调控.