Overlapping-gate buried-channel charge-coupled devices

In this letter the advantages of the overlapping-gate buried-channel charged-coupled devices over the 3-phase metal-gate and resistive-gate buried-channel c.c.d. are discussed and pertinent design considerations for the overlapping-gate c.c.d.s are presented.     

Generation of field scattered by imperfectly conducting objects from the solution of a perfectly conducting object

Surface currents induced on imperfectly conducting objects are obtained from the surface current of a perfectly conducting object using the impedance boundary conditions on its surface. The resulting errors in computation of these surface currents are determined and are shown to depend on the excitation source.     

Characterization of metal (Fe,Co, Ni,Cu) and fluorine codoped barium strontium titanate thick-films for microwave applications

The influence of codoping of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu as acceptors and F as donor on the dielectric properties of screen-printed Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ ceramic thick-films has been investigated. The undoped and codoped Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ powders were synthesized through a sol-gel route. The thermal gravimetric analysis revealed the difference of the thermal decomposition behaviour between the undoped and codoped precursors. The ceramic powders were characterized with x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and BET measurements. Larger crystallite sizes of the codoped powders were observed. The densification behaviour of the powders was recorded by dilatometry and indicated that codoping influences the sintering mechanism. The permittivity, dielectric loss and tunability of the undoped and codoped thick-films were characterized with coplanar waveguide structures up to 30 GHz.     

Contribution of intermolecular interactions to constructing supramolecular architecture: Synthesis, structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a new hybrid of polyoxomolybdate and ((1H-tetrazole-5-yl) methyl)morpholine

A new soluble organic–inorganic hybrid based on polyoxomolybdate, [C₆H₁₂N₅O]₃[(PO₄)Mo₁₂O₃₆]·6H₂O (1), has been successfully synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, IR, UV spectroscopies, ¹H NMR technique, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. According to the results of X-ray crystallography the anion [(PO₄)Mo₁₂O₃₆]³⁻ has a typical Keggin structure and the Mo–O distances of Mo–O–Mo bonds are alternately short and long in the polyoxoanion structure. Hirshfeld surface analyses, especially d_norm surface and fingerprint plots, are used for decoding intermolecular interactions in the crystal network and contribution of component units for the construction of the 3D architecture. The results indicate that in 1 the hydrogen bond interaction play a main role in the construction of the 3D architecture, especially the CHO interaction which overruns the classic NHO, NHO hydrogen bond interactions; van der Waals force between the peripheral atoms of component units cannot be ignored.     

Preformed particle gels of sulfonated polyacrylamide: preparation,characterization, and application as permeability modifier

In this study, a preformed particle gel (PPG) was synthesized from sulfonated polyacrylamide and chromium metal cross-linker with specific concentration. The main characteristics of PPG, such as gelation time, gel fraction, swelling properties and salt sensitivity factor were investigated. The gel fraction of 94.1% practically indicated an appropriate conversion of gelant to the gel. The equilibrium swelling ratios of particle gels in distilled water and formation water at 80 °C were 470.49 and 12.61, respectively. Additionally, the rheological properties of gel were studied by a dynamic rheometer. The ultimate storage modulus of gel was measured 35.4 kPa. The linear viscoelastic behavior was observed at strain between 1 and 82.6% and gel structure was stable up to strain of 1120% with small reduction of storage modulus. The kinetics of gelation were also studied at different temperatures and tested against Avrami equation to determine the kinetic parameters. The Avrami exponents for two kinetic steps were about 2.29 and 0.80, respectively, indicating the rapid formation of the gel network at first step due to nucleation and two-dimensional growths of gel nuclei. Furthermore, a core flooding experiment was conducted to study PPG performance in porous media. The residual resistance factor of water and oil was 41.58 and 12.91, respectively. A value of 3.22 for the ratio of these two factors indicated the ability of the synthesized PPG to decrease water-effective permeability compared to oil-effective permeability in porous media.

     

Magnetic Fe3O4@ polydopamine biopolymer: Synthesis,characterization and fabrication of promising nanocomposite

In this work, Functional Fe₃O₄@ polydopamine nanocomposite (Fe₃O₄@PDA) with magnetic response and special surface area were successfully assembled utilizing the strong coordination interactions between these two versatile materials. The morphology and size, crystal structure, specific saturation magnetization, chemical structure, and thermal properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), vibration magnetometer (VSM), point of zero charge (pH_pzc), Fourier infrared (FT‐IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The self‐polymerization of dopamine could be completed within 3 days, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were embedded into PDA polymer. TGA results showed that PDA content of nanocomposite can be up to 51.7 wt% and also showed a significant decrease in the decomposition temperature of PDA from 530 to 270°C in the presence of the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Through TGA analysis the coating thickness was estimated to be about 0.86 nm that it is well coincident with the measured values using TEM images and XRD analysis. At room temperature by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fe₃O₄ and Fe₃O₄@PDA exhibit superparamagnetic behavior with a saturation moment of 57.87 and 44.7 emu/g, respectively. Furthermore, PZC value reduced for Fe₃O₄@PDA compared with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and fell from 6.7 to 3.04. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:41–47, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers     

沥青混合料低温临界开裂温度的确定

为了同时考虑沥青混合料在降温过程中温度应力的累积和松弛作用,确定临界开裂温度,对试件进行了线收缩系数试验,并利用间接拉伸试验确定其抗拉强度和蠕变柔量,由蠕变柔量和松弛模量的关系得到松弛模量的Prony系列表达式;由Boltzmann叠加原理,得到温度应力公式,计算出不同降温速率下产生的温度应力,根据低温抗拉强度曲线,确定出沥青混合料的临界开裂温度,并对结果予以验证。结果表明:该方法考虑了应力累积和松弛二者的综合作用,能够较好地反映沥青混合料的低温开裂特性,其计算结果与约束试件温度应力试验结果相近;该方法不仅适用于恒定降温速率,还适用于现场连续变速降温工况;随温度的降低或降温速率的增加沥青混合料内部温度应力累积速度加快,临界开裂温度随降温速率增加而升高。      

Structural,morphological, and optical properties of W-doped VO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel spin coating method

Thermochromic VO₂ thin films were deposited on soda-lime glass via sol-gel method. Doping was done through adding tungstic acid solution to the vanadium solution precursor. Grazing incidence x-ray diffractometer (GIXRD) results showed that VO₂ and V₆O₁₃ phases were formed together in the heat-treated sample. According to the GIXRD result of the W-doped sample, only VO₂ remained. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) micrographs showed that the VO₂ grain size decreased from about 70 to about 25 nm for undoped film and 2 wt% W-doped films, respectively. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that the root mean square roughness for the film with 180 nm thickness was about 18 nm, and 2 wt% W-doped film had a smoother surface. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) results showed that the band gap energy for undoped, 1 wt% W- doped, and 2 wt% W-doped VO₂ thin films was 1.7, 1.3, and 0 eV, respectively. Four-point probe resistivity measurements showed a significant decrement, from approximately 1 MΩ at 15°C to <100 Ω at 80°C. Regarding Vis-NIR spectroscopy results, maximum optical transmission for undoped and W-doped films was approximately 75% and 35%, respectively.