The Role of Rigid Residues in Modulating TEM-1 β-Lactamase Function and Thermostability

The relationship between protein motions (i.e., dynamics) and enzymatic function has begun to be explored in β-lactamases as a way to advance our understanding of these proteins. In a recent study, we analyzed the dynamic profiles of TEM-1 (a ubiquitous class A β-lactamase) and several ancestrally reconstructed homologues. A chief finding of this work was that rigid residues that were allosterically coupled to the active site appeared to have profound effects on enzyme function, even when separated from the active site by many angstroms. In the present work, our aim was to further explore the implications of protein dynamics on β-lactamase function by altering the dynamic profile of TEM-1 using computational protein design methods. The Rosetta software suite was used to mutate amino acids surrounding either rigid residues that are highly coupled to the active site or to flexible residues with no apparent communication with the active site. Experimental characterization of ten designed proteins indicated that alteration of residues surrounding rigid, highly coupled residues, substantially affected both enzymatic activity and stability; in contrast, native-like activities and stabilities were maintained when flexible, uncoupled residues, were targeted. Our results provide additional insight into the structure-function relationship present in the TEM family of β-lactamases. Furthermore, the integration of computational protein design methods with analyses of protein dynamics represents a general approach that could be used to extend our understanding of the relationship between dynamics and function in other enzyme classes.     

基于负荷综合权值的配电网孤岛划分策略

提出一种基于负荷综合权值的孤岛划分策略。采用熵值法和最优-最劣法（best-worst method,BWM）对负荷进行评价以得到负荷的客、主观权值,并通过相对熵耦合负荷客、主观权值以进一步求出负荷综合权值;对各负荷相对于不同DG的重要程度进行排序,并依据此排序将负荷纳入DG形成的孤岛中。通过IEEE-69节点配电网系统进行验证,结果表明：所提孤岛划分策略能够有效地保证配电网中重要负荷的供电可靠性并减少了线路损耗。     

液力忆惯容器装置建模与特性试验

针对液力忆惯容器装置已有数学模型忽略因素过多的问题,考虑油液的惯性、动力学黏度以及装置内部的干摩擦,建立符合工程实际的非线性数学模型. 试制液力忆惯容器装置样机,并进行台架试验. 结果表明,当位移激励的频率较低时,液力忆惯容器装置提供的惯性力、黏滞阻尼力较小,可以近似等效为干摩擦阻尼器;当激励的频率较高时,装置等效为理想忆惯容器、非线性黏滞阻尼器、干摩擦阻尼器三元件并联. 装置的输出合力、惯性力、阻尼力试验值与仿真值最大偏差分别为5.70%、9.15%、5.47%,惯质特性曲线和寄生阻尼特性曲线的试验值与仿真值最大偏差分别为4.23%和8.50%,表明数学模型准确可靠,能够满足工程需要,为液力忆惯容器装置在减振系统中的应用奠定了基础.     

空军航空兵作战油料保障系统SD建模与优化

为提高空军航空兵作战油料保障能力,从复杂系统理论视角出发,运用系统动力学(system dynamics,SD)方法对空军航空兵作战油料保障进行描述,界定航油保障系统边界,构建空军航空兵战时油料保障SD仿真模型,利用Vensim仿真软件对联合防空反导作战航油保障活动进行仿真.通过仿真发现,航油保障系统中不同保障环节油料库存数量、补充需求均存在扭曲放大现象.为此,提出精简航油保障系统层级、加强航油保障信息共享等优化举措.对比仿真结果,优化后能够有效防范航油保障系统中不同保障环节油料库存数量和补充需求存在的"牛鞭效应".     

基于ITS rDNA分析辣椒幼苗根际真菌群落结构差异

[目的]比较云南地方两个主要辣椒栽培种(Capsicum annuum L.和Capsicum frutescens L.)幼苗根际真菌群落结构相似性与差异性,为探索根际特有微生物群功能挖掘、调控机制及应用提供参考.[方法]运用ITS rDNA高通量测序技术对其根际土壤真菌群落组成进行测定并分析其多样性.[结果]一年生辣椒中子囊菌门Ascomycota为优势群落,而在灌木状辣椒中则是担子菌门Basidiomycota为优势菌群,表明不同辣椒可根据生长环境选择性"招募"不同的有益真菌群类来分解环境中不同有机体为自身提供养分以促进生长.在仅多样性分析中灌木辣椒根际真菌群落的丰度和多样性显著高于一年生辣椒、对照.[结论]辣椒根际真菌群落结构多样性受不同基因型辣椒品种的影响,灌木辣椒种相较于一年生辣椒种根际真菌群落结构表现出显著的差异性和丰富的多样性.     

数字水准仪的测量原理及测试精度分析

在电子水准仪的3种读数原理(相位法、相关法、几何法)中主要介绍了几何法,结合索佳电子水准仪SDL30M在实验场进行了视距长度测量、调焦质量、标尺前后左右倾斜和遮挡程度试验,并利用已有实验场进行了水准测量的对比实验,分析了上述实验结果,得到了以下几点结论:1)仪器实测精度与标称精度基本相符。2)视距测量误差与视距长度成正比,基本呈线形关系,100 m的视距长度误差一般不会达10 cm。3)调焦质量对观测成果(中丝读数)影响很小,但数据显示时间会相应延迟。4)在2°范围内标尺左右倾斜影响较小,一般在1 mm以内,超过2°误差迅速增大;标尺前后倾斜在2°范围影响较小,读数误差一般在0.2 mm以内,超过2°误差迅速增大。5)遮挡容许程度与距离有关,距离越近,容许遮挡率越低;距离越远,遮挡率越大。6)对某水准网对比测量表明采用该仪器完全可以满足工程二等水准测量要求,而且精度高、速度快。     

木材用交联型醋丙胶粘剂的研制

研制一种由醋酸乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、特种单体共聚而成的水性交联型环保胶粘剂以替代目前广泛使用的氨基树脂,适应绿色环保要求。     

Preparation and characterization of soluble polyimides

Two kinds of soluble polyimides from pyromellitic dianhydride with Congo red and 4-sulfanilamide were prepared, respectively. Their structures were characterized by IR and ¹H-NMR, and the thermal properties were investigated by DSC and TG–DTA. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

粘接低表面能材料的新型胶粘剂研究

详述了用于低表面能材料粘接的新型胶粘剂的制备过程,探讨了低表面能胶粘剂的粘接机理,并讨论了弹性体、三乙基硼烷胺络合物、丙烯酸单体等对低表面能材料胶粘强度的影响.     

The influence of grinding technique on the liberation of clinker minerals and cement properties

This paper describes a study of the relationship between the physical, chemical and mineralogical parameters of cement products obtained by different grinding mechanisms namely high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) and ball milling, and their effects upon the properties of cements prepared from the ground clinker. Samples were prepared as narrow size fractions and also as distribution samples. Characterization parameters were ascertained by using XRF, laser sizing, Blaine and BET surface area and image analysis methods. HPGR grinding resulted in higher degrees of liberation of clinker phases arising from the intergranular breakage along the grain boundaries compared to ball mill grinding. As for service properties, water demand of HPGR products was higher than ball mill products resulting from high micro fissured structure. Despite high liberation of particularly alite mineral in HPGR grinding, the compressive strength of ball mill products was slightly higher than HPGR products for narrow size samples. Finally, particle size distribution effect on strength was more obvious for distribution samples; generally ball milling gave higher strength values.