生物样品中天麻素测定方法及药代动力学研究进展＊

天麻素是从兰科植物天麻的块茎中提取分离而得，现已人工合成。天麻素药理作用广泛，如镇痛、镇静安眠、促智、保护神经元、降血压、抗惊厥、抗癫痫、抗氧化、抗衰老、改善微循环等，且安全、无明显毒副作用，其相关制剂在临床上亦被广泛用于心脑血管及神经精神系统疾病，如头痛、冠心病、高血压、后循环缺血性眩晕、突发性耳聋、癫痫、神经衰弱及脑卒中等。考虑到天麻素临床治疗上述疾病常与其他药物或治疗方法联用，故其体内过程及其药代动力学性质不容忽视。目前，有关天麻素综述多集中于药理作用和临床应用方面，而其药代动力学综述鲜见报道。随着天麻素药代动力学研究日渐深入，本研究将从其样品前处理、测定方法、药物ADME过程及影响体内过程的因素等方面较系统全面地对天麻素近年来的药代动力学研究作一综述，以期对天麻素制剂工艺及临床联合配伍应用有所裨益。     

非小细胞肺癌新辅助靶向及免疫治疗研究进展和展望

肺癌是全球发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤。近年来,随着新型药物的出现和治疗模式的优化,肺癌患者的预后已有一定改善。新辅助治疗是指对潜在可接受手术切除的患者,先给予术前抗肿瘤治疗后再行手术治疗。新辅助治疗通过术前治疗可以缩小肿瘤体积,降低肿瘤分期;并且可以杀灭患者机体中循环肿瘤细胞及微转移病灶,令患者远期生存获益。靶向治疗及免疫治疗已被应用于晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的一线治疗。因此,有临床试验尝试将以上两种治疗手段应用于早期可切除NSCLC患者的新辅助治疗。本文针对新辅助靶向及免疫治疗对早期可切除NSCLC患者的疗效、治疗中的潜在风险予以综述,并探讨新辅助治疗的未来发展方向。     

Steep Decrease of Gender Difference in DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison of Two Nation-wide Surveys Conducted 10 Years Apart in Korea

While decreasing trend in gender differences in alcohol use disorders was reported in Western countries, the change in Asian countries is unknown. This study aims to explore the shifts in gender difference in alcohol abuse (AA) and dependence (AD) in Korea. We compared the data from two nation-wide community surveys to evaluate gender differences in lifetime AA and AD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were applied to all subjects in 2001 (n=6,220) and 2011 (n=6,022). Male-to-female ratio of odds was decreased from 6.41 (95% CI, 4.81-8.54) to 4.37 (95% CI, 3.35-5.71) for AA and from 3.75 (95% CI, 2.96-4.75) to 2.40 (95% CI, 1.80-3.19) for AD. Among those aged 18-29, gender gap even became statistically insignificant for AA (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.97-2.63) and AD (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.80-2.41) in 2011. Men generally showed decreased odds for AD (0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.67) and women aged 30-39 showed increased odds for AA (2.13; 95% CI 1.18-3.84) in 2011 compared to 2001. Decreased AD in men and increased AA in women seem to contribute to the decrease of gender gap. Increased risk for AA in young women suggests needs for interventions.     

Integrin α11 in non–small cell lung cancer is associated with tumor progression and postoperative recurrence

Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Integrin α11 (ITGA11) is not expressed in normal alveolar epithelial cells and is a known receptor for collagen. While integrin α11β1 overexpression in the tumor stroma has been associated with tumor growth and metastatic potential of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), little is known about the role of ITGA11 in tumor cells. Thus, we examined the RNA expression of ITGA11 by quantitative RT‐PCR in 80 samples collected from NSCLC patients who had undergone surgical resection and analyzed the clinical outcomes. We found that high expression of ITGA11 was associated with lower recurrence‐free survival in all NSCLC patients (P = 0.043) and in stage I NSCLC patients (P = 0.049). These results were consistent with in silico analyses of the Cancer Genome Atlas database. We also analyzed cell proliferation, migration and invasion capacity in lung cancer cell lines after overexpression of ITGA11. Overexpression of ITGA11 in lung cancer cell lines had little effect on cell proliferation but resulted in increased migration and invasion capacity. Our findings suggest that ITGA11 plays a significant role in cancer migration and invasion, leading to higher recurrence. ITGA11 expression may be a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with surgically resected NSCLC.     

胃造口周围皮下感染患者病原菌分析与预防

目的分析胃造口周围皮下感染患者的病原菌分布及耐药菌,进行相应的护理预防措施,降低胃造口周围皮下感染率。方法选择2010年5月-2015年5月在医院行胃造口术发生周围皮下感染的300例患者,采用法国生物梅里埃公司VITEK-2Compact细菌鉴定进行细菌鉴定,药物敏感试验采用K-B法;分析患者的病原菌分布和耐药性,采用SPSS16.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果共检出病原菌300株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌81株占27.0%,溶血性链球菌60株占20.0%,革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林的耐药率50.0%,肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林、头孢唑林的耐药率70.0,铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林以及头孢唑林的耐药率60.0%;革兰阳性菌中葡萄球菌属对青霉素、红霉素的耐药率均最高,70.0%,溶血性链球菌对红霉素、阿奇霉素的耐药率均最高,均为75.0%,肠球菌属对青霉素、氯霉素、阿奇霉素以及万古霉素的耐药率均较低,尤其是阿奇霉素,耐药率为0。结论金黄色葡萄球菌与溶血性链球菌检出率最高,需根据病原菌的药敏,合理应用抗菌药物,对感染患者进行针对性的护理干预,能够有效降低感染状况的发生。     

探讨双重排粪造影对结肠功能性便秘的诊断价值

目的研究双重排粪造影方式应用在结肠功能性便秘诊断当中的效果。方法文章所选择的调查对象来自2017年10月-2018年12月,均为在此期间本院收治的60例经临床病理诊断确诊为结肠功能性便秘患者,分析双重排粪造影方式和排粪造影的符合性。结果采用双重排粪造影方式诊断结肠功能性便秘59例得到确诊,占98.33%,和排粪造影相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论通过双重排粪造影方式进行结肠功能性便秘诊断,可以有效的提升诊断的效率,对于具体症型的确认也具有重要意义。     

基于SOCS通路探讨糖尿病足溃疡治疗中中药“去腐生新”作用的研究进展

糖尿病足溃疡（DFUs）是糖尿病严重的并发症之一，发病率和截肢率高，目前具体发病机制仍未完全明确。相关研究表明，炎症、感染和营养障碍等多种因素共同影响DFUs的转归及预后。抑制相关炎症通路和细胞因子表达，可促使坏死组织脱落促进愈合。此外，细胞因子信号传导抑制因子家族蛋白（SOCS）可通过激活蛋白酪氨酸激酶（JAK）/信号转导和转录活化因子（STAT）信号通路参与细胞因子信号转导，参与DFUs创面炎症反应以及愈合过程。近年来，大量研究发现具有“去腐生新”功效的单味中药及其活性成分、中药复方对DFUs具有很好的疗效，研究中药治疗DFUs的具体机制已成为近些年来研究的热点之一。文章查阅近年文献，就SOCS通路与DFUs的关系及中医药治疗DFUs作用机制进行综述。     

The combination of oral-recombinant methioninase and azacitidine arrests a chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcoma patient-derived orthotopic xenograft mouse model

Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology - Cancers are methionine (MET) and methylation addicted, causing them to be highly sensitive to MET restriction. The present study determined the efficacy of...