Studies of the human oropharyngeal airspaces using magnetic resonance imaging IV--the oropharyngeal retention effect for four inhalation delivery systems.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the oropharyngeal region from 20 adult volunteers using four model inhalation devices (varying mouthpiece diameters, airflow resistances) and tidal breathing was carried out. Statistical analysis (convex hull method) selected 12 scans from 80 data sets representing the extremes of all dimensions in the population. Twelve physical mouth-throat models were made by stereolithography using the exact scan data. The aim was to produce models with varying dimensions to span the adult population, and to investigate if oropharyngeal dimensions affected throat retention for different delivery systems. In an in vitro analysis, the models were used to determine the retention effect of the oropharyngeal airspaces when drug aerosols were administered from four inhalation delivery systems: a pressurised metered dose inhaler (pMDI), two different dry powder inhalers (DPIs A and B), and a nebulizer. The aims of this work were to determine the key parameters governing mouth-throat retention and whether retention was dependent on the delivery system used. Characterizing the throat models by measuring 51 different dimensional variables enabled determination of the most influential variables for dose retention for each inhalation delivery system. Throat model retention was found to be dependent on the delivery system (pMDI approximately DPI(A) > DPI(B) > Neb.). The most influential variable was the total throat model volume. Throat models representing high, median, and low oropharyngeal filtration in healthy adults have been identified.     

肝动脉栓塞加手术切除治疗大肝癌37例

作者报告３７例大肝癌采用肝动脉栓塞（ＴＡＥ）加手术切除的疗效及临床病理研究结果。３７例肝癌直径５～２４ｃｍ（平均１１．２Ｃｍ）。ＴＡＥ与动脉灌注化疗同时进行。化疗药物括氟尿嘧啶（５－ＦＵ）、阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）或表阿霉素（Ｅ－ＡＤＭ）、丝裂霉素（ＭＭＣ）和顺铂（ＣＤＤＰ）。多采用三种药物联合方案。肝动脉末梢栓塞剂采用国产或进口碘化油，用明胶海绵颗粒作近端栓塞。手术切除前进行１～４次ＴＡＥ，每次相隔４～６周。１７例ＡＦＰ值增高者ＴＡＥ后１０例降至正常水平。肿瘤直径由平均１１．２ｃｍ降至８．５ｃｍ（缩小２６％）。栓塞后手术切除病理标本显示９２％有肿瘤组织坏死，范围达４０％～１００％。１、２、３年生存率分别为８０％、６６．７％和５３．３％。作者认为ＴＡＥ加手术切除是大肝癌的有效治疗方法。     

自体表皮细胞培养与异体真皮组合应用研究

严重烧伤病人皮肤修复中主要未解决的问题是真皮的替代。动物实验结果表明，异体皮移植后５天，用自体培养表皮细胞膜片覆盖真皮床，１４天后复合皮成活率是８４．６％±２．４％。组织学检查证实表皮已形成了复层结构，可见基底层、颗粒层和角质层。临床应用中，异体皮移植后１０天，去除异体表皮覆盖病人的自体培养表皮，３５天后未见排斥征象，异体真皮促进了培养表皮的分层、成熟和完整，组织学检查证实表皮细胞的边缘清楚，已分化形成颗粒层和角质层，真皮多细胞，已血管化，但表皮嵴缺乏。     

STUDIES OF HLA-D REGION DNA POLYMORPHISM IN INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIBETES MELLITUS

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of peripheral leucocyte DNA in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and in controls were studied with Southern blot analysis. IDDM has been reportedly associated positively with the HLA-DR3 and-DR4 in Caucasians, with the HLA-DR3 and-DR9 in Chinese, and negatively with the HLA-DR2 in both Caucasians and Chinese, Using an HLA-DQβcDNA probe, an EcoRI 2.2 kb fragment is found associated with DR2 controls (r = 0.78, P=1×10~(-6)), but not with DR2 IDDM patients, their respective frequencies being significantly different (P=0.02). The authors also report here their new findings that the frequencies of the EcoRI3.0 kb and BamHI3.3 kb fragments are both decreased in the patient group (P=0.0032 and P=0.0018 respectively). This suggested certain kinds of mutation such as partial deletion or others in the IDDM patients might have caused the RFLP pattern change as compared to the normal DNA. RFLPs may provide valuable information in searching for the genetic basis of IDDM.     

实验猪小肠移植后急性排异反应的形态计量学研究

本文以猪小肠移植为模型，应用图像分析仪显微形态测量观察测量了移植前后肠粘膜结构。定量评价小肠急性排异反应的形态变化，评价免疫抑制剂对急排的作用。结果显示：小肠急排发生在术后５天，排异反应中肠粘膜形态、炎症程度及类型均有显著变化。免疫抑制剂可显著减轻急排，但不能防止排异反应的发生。形态计量检测结果可作为排异反应的早期指标，并可动态地监测排异反应的发展，指导免疫抑制剂的应用。     

对一宗入境二级放射货包的监测结果分析

汕头卫生检疫局空港处对汕头航空口岸—宗入境二级货包的监测过程及对有关运输工作人员作了放射知识问卷调查。从中发现。运输单位货物存放设施落后。有关工作人员放射卫生知识欠缺，对放射污染可能造成的危害缺乏正确的认识。为此，笔者提出了自己的看法，以期对放射监测工作的进一步完善提供参考。     

β—半乳糖苷酶核酸免疫初探

将带有编码β－半乳糖苷酶基因片段的质粒ｐＳＶ－β－Ｇａｌａｃｔｏｓｉｄａｓｅ通过股四头肌接种小鼠，利用ＥＬＩＳＡ方法检测鼠体内β－半乳糖苷酶获得得表达后刺激机体产生抗β－半乳糖苷酶抗体的情况。     

Intraportal allogeneic transplantation of the islets of Langerhans cultures in the complex treatment of surgical patients with diabetes mellitus

The article presents results of treatment of 21 patients with a surgical pathology and diabetes mellitus who had intraportal allotransplantation of cultures of islet cells of the pancreas and 316 patients with the similar surgical pathology without such transplantation. It was found that the intraportal introduction of islet cell cultures into the liver can result in an early and considerable drop of the injected insulin dose which is very important in the postoperative period. This method allowed to make the period of treatment at the hospital approximately 15 days shorter.     

术前左室射血分数及短缩分数对冠状动脉旁路术后恶性心律失常的预测价值

为了评价冠状动脉旁路术 (CABG)术前左室射血分数 (LVEF)及左室短缩分数 (LVFS)对术后室性心律失常 (VA)预测的准确性 ,采用术前及术后 2周心脏彩超EF、FS值 (面积长轴法 )、心室晚电位 (VLP)、心肌酶、持续心电监测的方法 ,对我院 1 5 0例行CABG术的患者进行分析。结果 :1 )术前心肌梗死 (MI)、室壁瘤、VA及VLP阳性患者EF、FS值明显减低 ;2 )术前左心功能不全 (LVD)患者术后EF、FS值明显改善 ;3 )术前LVD、VA、VLP阳性及室壁瘤患者术后VA发生率明显高于其他患者。提示 :1 )面积长轴法EF、FS值是反映左心功能的敏感指标 ;2 )术前LVD患者术后短期左心功能明显好转 ,获益最大 ;3 )非LVD患者术后因心肌顿抑导致近期心功能暂时下降 ;4 )EF≤ 4 0 %和(或 )FS≤ 2 4 %是预测术后VA的独立指标 ,FS较EF更能准确地反映心脏收缩功能 ;5 )LVD、VLP、室壁瘤等综合指标分析有助于提高对术后VA预期的敏感性、特异性和准确性