Expression of rat insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 in the brain, spinal cord, and sensory ganglia

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are important trophic factors during development as well as in the adult or damaged nervous system. Their trophic actions are modulated by interactions with six distinct IGF binding proteins. The mRNA expression profiles of binding proteins 2, 4 and 5 in the normal developing and adult CNS are well characterized and are shown to have distinctive, non-overlapping distributions. The IGF binding protein-6 (BP6) is also expressed in the CNS, however, details regarding its mRNA expression distribution in the developing and adult nervous system is limited. BP6 has the unique property of preferentially binding the IGF-II ligand. Coupled with the fact that this ligand is the most abundantly expressed IGF in the adult CNS, this suggests that the IGF-II/BP6 complex has a unique role in modulating IGF-II function in the adult brain. In this report the anatomical distribution of BP6 messenger RNA in the developing and adult rat nervous system is presented. In the embryonic animal the CNS expression is tightly restricted to trigeminal ganglia and, relative to the rest of the embryo, this structure has the highest expression. The expression in the forebrain and cerebellum does not occur until after postnatal day 21 and then is primarily associated with GABAergic interneurons. The highest levels of expression in the adult animal are in the hindbrain, spinal cord, cranial ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia. These nuclei in the hindbrain and periphery that express BP6 are all associated with the coordination of sensorimotor function in the cerebellum, which indicates an important role for the BP6/IGF-II complex in the function and maintenance of these systems.     

越南进口预包装食品常用食品添加剂的调查

〔目的〕了解越南进口预包装食品常用食品添加剂的使用情况,并对其进行风险预警分析,指导检验检疫监督管理工作。〔方法〕对2004年10￣12月在凭详、东兴、水口3个口岸市场上销售的越南进口预包装食品进行常用食品添加剂使用情况的检测。〔结果〕越南产椰子糖、绿豆糕普遍存在食品标签不标注或不如实标注添加剂使用情况的问题;椰子糖全部检出了糖精钠;5个绿豆糕样品检出了苯甲酸,超出我国国家标准《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》(GB2760-1996)有关添加剂使用范围的规定,属于超范围使用食品添加剂。〔结论〕在今后的检验检疫工作中应加强越南进口预包装食品的标签审核及椰子糖、绿豆糕等食品的有关添加剂的检测工作。     

The future of criminal violence: juveniles tried as adults

Juveniles tried as adults (JTA) represent a select and small subsample of juvenile offenders. This study seeks to provide a profile of habitually violent JTAs transferred to the adult penal system and to compare them with their adult counterparts. Twenty-nine incarcerated violent male juveniles tried as adults were compared with a sample of 27 incarcerated violent male offenders across demographic, neuropsychological, criminal history, psychopathy, and substance abuse variables. The JTAs were characterized by a high rate of gang membership (96%), substance abuse (alcohol, marijuana, and phenylcyclidene), and use of guns. In the juvenile sample, 65 percent used guns in violence not leading to arrest, and 93 percent used guns in a violent crime leading to arrest. Juvenile offenders were similar to their adult counterparts in patterns of criminality, although adult offenders had higher psychopathy scores. Both groups revealed generally intact neuropsychological functioning with the exception of a higher rate of perseverative responses in the adult sample. The results are discussed in terms of the implication of the degree of violence in a young offender population.     

Target-dependent axonal sprouting following vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis in cats

Purpose: To investigate the relationships between the axonal sprouting and target neurotization by central neurons after nerve heterocon-nection. Methods: Unilateral (right) vagal-hypoglossal nerve anastomosis (VHA) was performed in adult cats. Following 3-315 days postoperation (dpo), quantitative analyses and ultrastructural changes in the proximal portion of the vagal-hypoglossal heteroconnected nerve as well as the time course of neuronal regeneration were studied. Along with this, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) retrograde tracing technique was used to label the neurons of dorsal motor vagal nucleus (DMV) and nucleus ambiguus (NA) to ascertain if target neurotization was established. Results: The contralateral (left) intact vagus nerve proximal to the level of ansa cervicalis showed an average of 33 +/- 1 myelinated and 74 +/- 4 unmyelinated axons in 727 &mgr;m(2) sectional area of the nerve. In the heteroconnected nerve at the corresponding level just proximal to the anastomosis site, there was a marked increase in the number of small axons sprouting from the unmyelinated nerve fibers between 18 and 25 dpo. The number of these axonal sprouts appeared to decline at 32 dpo but its increase of 131 % was sustained until the late regeneration stage at 315 dpo when compared with the contralateral nerve serving as a control. The mean number of myelinated axons per area unit (727 &mgr;m(2)) was reduced to 18 at 3 dpo but was immediately restored to the normal range at 7 dpo. The retrograde labelling of neurons in both the DMV and NA was first detected at 22 dpo and was progressively increased peaking by about 67 dpo. Conclusions: We conclude that compared with the unmyelinated axons, the myelinated axons may acquire a superior interaction with the new target. Furthermore, the postoperative neurotization of tongue muscles may initiate and facilitate the retraction of the redundant axonal sprouts.     

检测宫颈阴道分泌物中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1预测早产的价值

目的:探讨检测胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(IGFBP-1)能否用于预测早产。方法:应用快速免疫法检测218例孕妇宫颈阴道分泌物中高磷酸化GFBP-1的含量。结果:先兆早产组IGFBP-1的阳性率是62.0%,正常妊娠组IGFBP-1的阳性率是9.1%,两组结果比较,差异有显著性。先兆早产IGFBP-1的阳性组发生早产率是83.6%。结论:检测IGFBP-1可以作为预测早产的客观指标。     

乙醇对大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素信号传递分子表达的影响

目的　探讨乙醇对大鼠骨骼肌葡萄糖摄取能力和胰岛素受体 (IR)、胰岛素受体底物 1(IRS1)和胰岛素受体底物 2 (IRS2 )及葡萄糖转运体 4(glut4)表达的影响。方法　雄性Wistar大鼠 2 0只 ,随机分为对照组和饮酒组 ,每组 10只。饮酒组每天乙醇灌胃 1次 ,乙醇量为 5g (kg·d) ;对照组每天蒸馏水灌胃 1次 ,蒸馏水量 5g (kg·d)。喂养时间 5个月。测大鼠空腹血糖和胰岛素、口服糖耐量 2h血糖 ;体外胰岛素刺激实验检测骨骼肌糖摄取能力 ;用RT- PCR和Westernblot法测定IR、IRS1和IRS2mRNA和蛋白表达水平 ,Real- timePCR测定glut4mRNA水平。结果　与对照组相比 :(1)饮酒组大鼠空腹血糖、空腹血胰岛素和口服糖耐量 2h血糖未见差异 ;(2 )饮酒组大鼠骨骼肌细胞基础和胰岛素刺激后糖摄取能力显著下降 (P <0 . 0 5 ) ;(3 )饮酒组大鼠骨骼肌glut4mRNA水平显著下降 (饮酒组 :△CT =5 . 3 7± 0 .2 4,对照组 :△CT =4. 86± 0 .3 1,P <0 .0 1) ;(4 )饮酒组大鼠骨骼肌IR、IRS1和IRS2mRNA及蛋白水平明显增加 (P <0 . 0 5 )。结论　长期摄入乙醇可以通过下调glut4表达而损害大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素敏感性 ,而胰岛素受体及其底物 1、2表达呈代偿性上调。     

动态浊度法定量检测氧氟沙星注射液中的内毒素

目的:对氧氟沙星注射液进行内毒素动态浊度法检查,建立定量检测氧氟沙星注射液中内毒素实验方法以代替热原检查法,提高内毒素的检出率。方法:采用《中国药典》2000年版附录检测内毒素的动态比浊法。结果:氧氟沙星注射液经2倍及以上倍数稀释后,对鲎试剂反应无干扰作用,内毒素回收率在50%～200%范围内。结论:本方法干扰因素小,检测结果准确,可作为日常检测使用。     

银杏达莫注射液治疗老年糖尿病周围神经病变疗效观察

目的:观察银杏达莫注射液治疗老年糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效。方法:对86例糖尿病周围神经病变患者进行随机对照临床观察,治疗组在常规治疗基础上予以银杏达莫注射液25ml加生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,日1次;对照组在常规治疗基础上予以脉络宁注射液30ml加生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,日1次。结果:治疗组显效19例,有效17例,无效6例,总有效率85.71%,明显高于对照组40.9%。经x2检验P<0.01,且未见明显不良反应。结论:银杏达莫注射液是治疗老年糖尿病周围神经病变较理想的药物。     

新型严重脓毒症治疗剂--重组人激活蛋白C

通过文献检索综述了用于治疗成人严重脓毒症的药物重组人激活蛋白C的药理作用、药代动力学及临床评价.在1690名患者参加的PROWESS临床试验中,它可以降低严重脓毒症患者28天治疗期内各种原因的死亡率且使用较安全.     

以中草药为来源的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂筛选研究进展

α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在控制餐后高血糖方面具有重要的作用.目前已发现的以中草药为来源的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂包括:黄酮类,生物碱类,皂苷类等化合物以及一些活性成分尚未确定的中草药.现对以中草药为来源的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的筛选研究进展进行综述.