Synthesis of LiNiO2 cathode by the combustion method

To determine optimum conditions for the synthesis of LiNiO₂ by the combustion method, syntheses were carried out in air and under oxygen at various calcination temperatures and for different times. The electrochemical properties of the prepared samples were then investigated. The optimum conditions are preheating at 400 °C for 30 min in air in the mole ratio of urea to nitrate 3.6 and calcination at 750 °C for 36 h under O₂. The LiNiO₂ synthesized under these conditions had a first discharge capacity of 189 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C-rate and relatively good cycling performance. This sample has a larger value of I ₀₀₃/I ₁₀₄ (smaller cation mixing) and a smaller R-factor (larger hexagonal ordering). Cycling performance was investigated in various voltage ranges. The first discharge capacity increased as the upper limit of the voltage range rose. The first discharge capacity was small but cycling performance was good when the sample was cycled in the voltage range with the lowest upper limit.     

Study of residual stresses in tailor rolled blanked Al5J32-T4 sheets

Several automotive parts such as door panels have been manufactured by using load-adapted blanks for crash optimization and weight minimization.Recently, Tailor Rolled Blanks (TRB) has been introduced to remove the disadvantages of a welding process which was used in joining panel components.TRB offers better structural design capabilities due to the seamless transitions on the panels with different thicknesses.In spite of the advantages of the process, TRB leaves internal stresses in the panel.This residual stresses lower the formability of Tailor Rolled Blanked (TRBed) parts and cause cracks near severe curvature during subsequent forming processes.In this research, the residual stresses of TRBed Al5J32-T4 sheets were studied by X-ray stress analysis, and also microstructure was observed along the rolling direction.In addition, heat treatment was done after TRB process in order to compare the residual stresses to that of the TRBed sheets before the heat treatment.     

Starch Noodle Quality as Related to Potato Genotypes

Starch noodles were prepared using potato starch from 8 genotypes, mung bean starch, mung bean-potato starch blends, and sweet potato starch. The cooking quality of noodles from selected potato starches compared well with commercial starch noodles. Of the unblended potato starches, Mainechip exhibited cooking quality similar to commercial starch noodles with respect to cooking loss, cooked weight, and ?rmness. Appearance and texture of starch noodles from three genotypes (E55-35, Mainechip, and Shasta) were evaluated by a trained sensory panel. Noodles made from unblended potato starches had higher glossiness and transparency than those from other starches. Noodles from both un-blended and blended Mainechip starch had the highest press and elasticity.     

Anionic Trypsins from Crayfish Hepatopancreas: Effects on Protein Degradation of Tail Meat

Four anionic trypsins, tentatively labeled trypsin A, B, C, and D, isolated from crayfish hepatopancreas, had high casein activity between pH 5.5 and 10.0. Temperature optima for hydrolysis of casein were 45°C for A and B, and 50°C for C and D. Trypsin D had the highest substrate turnover number (V_max) for casein reaction compared with the other trypsins at pH 6.8. Trypsins A and D had higher activities against myofibrilla and sarcoplasmic proteins from crayfish tail meat than did B and C. Results suggested that trypsins A and D are important in development of mushiness in crayfish tail meat compared with other trypsins present.     

Characterization and Food Application of an Amperometric Needle-Type L-Lactate Sensor

There have been increasing needs for biosensing in the food industry because it is accurate, rapid and efficient. A needle-type L-lactate sensor with a three-layer membrane system which uses lactate oxidase as the biological component was prepared. The sensor had an optimum pH around 9–10 and an optimum temperature at 45 C. The current response was stable over 40 days and specifically responded to L-lactic acid. The sensor gave accurate L-lactate measurements in kimchi and yogurt of 187.4 ± 4.1 and 734.1 ± 34.5 mg/dL, similar to those of a spectrophotometric L-lactate kit.     

Microstructure and Hydrodynamic Properties of Soybean Protein Bodies in Solutions

The changes in the size and shape of soybean protein bodies in different solvent systems were observed, and their influence on hydrodynamic properties in solutions was investigated by capillary viscometer. The intrinsic viscosity of the isolated protein bodies varied with the type of dispersion media; 0.036 cm³/g in CCI₄-benzene solution, 0.355 cm³/g in 50% glycerol-water mixture, 0.574 cm³/g in water at pH 7, and 1.18 cm³/g in the aqueous solution at pH 12. The hydration of the protein bodies in different dispersion media was estimated by Oncley's method and Mooney's method. The estimated degree of hydration agreed well with the swelling of the protein bodies as observed by microscope.     

Treatment of Bone Waste Using Thermal Plasma Technology

Daily meat consumption produces a lot of bone waste, and dumped bone waste without treatment would result in environmental hazards. Conventional treatment methods of waste bones have some disadvantages. Herein, an investigation of bone waste treated using thermal plasma technology is presented. A high-temperature plasma torch operated at 25.2 kW was used to treat bone waste for seven minutes. The bone waste was finally changed into vitric matter and lost 2/3 of its weight after the treatment. The process was highly efficient, economical, convenient, and fuel-free. This method could be used as an alternative for disposal of bone waste, small infectious animals, hazardous hospital waste, etc.     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.16e power management for the initiations of awakening

To increase battery life in IEEE 802.16e systems, it is essential to efficiently manage energy in mobile stations. The sleep-mode operation in power management helps to increase the life of a station by saving energy consumption. In power management, there are two important performance metrics energy consumption and the response delay of awakening medium access control (MAC) service data unit (SDU). While in a base station (BS) initiation of awakening, the two performance metrics should be simultaneously considered, in a mobile subscriber station (MSS) initiation of awakening, the response delay is not considered because it is self-operational. There performance metrics are affected by the minimum sleep interval (Tmin), the maximum sleep interval (Tmax), and the average interarrival time of awakening MAC SDUs (TI) during sleep-mode operation. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the two initiations of awakening depending on TI. To reach a fuller understanding of the performance, this paper shows an analytical mode and simulations results for the standard sleep-mode operation in the IEEE 802.16e MAC.