Effects of COD to Phosphorus Ratios on the Metabolism of PAOs in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Different Carbon Sources

To elucidate the phosphorus removal and metabolism under various COD / P ratio,a sludge highly enriched in PAOs was used to investigate the impacts of COD / P in batch tests under different carbon supply conditions. Acetate,propionate and a mixture of acetate and propionate at a ratio of 3 ∶ 1( COD basis) was used as carbon sources with the COD / P of 20,15,10 and 5. 0 g COD /gP,respectively. The minimum COD / P ratios for complete P removal were found to be 8. 24 g COD /gP for acetate,11. 40 g COD /gP for propionate and9. 10 g COD /gP for the 3 ∶ 1 mixture of acetate and propionate. Converted to a mass basis,all three cases had a very similar ratio of 7. 7 g VFA /gP,which represented a useful guide for operation of EBPR plants to identify possible shortages in VFAs. The trend in PHV accumulation during the anaerobic period along with the decrease of COD / P ratios suggested that,PAOs may use the TCA pathway for anaerobic VFA uptake to maintain the required NADH production with reduced glycogen degradation. During the aerobic phase,the glycogen pool was reduced but remained enough compared to the requirement for anaerobic VFA uptake,and the synthesis and degradation of glycogen was not the inhibition factor of PAOs.     

Hydraulic Self Servo Swing Cylinder Structure Optimization and Dynamic Characteristics Analysis Based on Genetic Algorithm

The dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder were analyzed according to the hydraulic system natural frequency formula. Based on that, a method of the hydraulic self servo swing cylinder structure optimization based on genetic algorithm was proposed in this paper. By analyzing the four parameters that affect the dynamic characteristics, we had to optimize the structure to obtain as larger the Dm(displacement) as possible under the condition with the purpose of improving the dynamic characteristics of hydraulic self servo swing cylinder. So three state equations were established in this paper. The paper analyzed the effect of the four parameters in hydraulic self servo swing cylinder natural frequency equation and used the genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal solution of structure parameters. The model was simulated by substituting the parameters and initial value to the simulink model. Simulation results show that: using self servo hydraulic swing cylinder natural frequency equation to study its dynamic response characteristics is very effective. Compared with no optimization, the overall system dynamic response speed is significantly improved.     

火驱燃烧前缘位置预测与影响因素研究

及时掌握火驱过程中火线的位置,有助于进行生产调控,通过调研现场预测火线位置的方法,得出一套针对不同特征油藏的适用方法:红外照相法适用于浅层油藏;用测温元件直接测试法适用于观察井和生产井密集的油藏;生产动态和物质平衡相结合的方法适用于均质性好且井网形式规范的油藏;示踪剂监测和生产动态相结合的方法适用于非均质性严重或井网形式不规范的油藏;压降试井法由于计算复杂,有待进一步研究。最后指出应在前期地质筛选的基础上,做到"少注气、多采油",并结合生产动态分析加强对油井的管理,引导燃烧前缘均匀稳定的推进。     

N-Fe共掺杂BiVO_4的制备及其光催化活性的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了N和Fe共掺杂的Bi VO4可见光光催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测试(BET)和紫外-可见漫反射谱(UV-Vis DRS)对其进行了表征.结果显示,N-Fe共掺杂对Bi VO4晶型没有产生影响,掺杂前后均为单斜晶系,但晶粒粒径有所减小,BET比表面积相对增大.由UV-Vis可知,N-Fe共掺杂的Bi VO4的吸光强度明显增强,禁带宽度变窄.以可见光降解甲基橙(MO)考察催化剂的光催化活性,N-Fe共掺杂的Bi VO4对MO的降解速率明显高于纯Bi VO4,证明N-Fe共掺杂产生的协同效应提高了Bi VO4在可见光照射下的光催化活性.     

孔雀绿-磷锑钼杂多酸光度法测定钢样中的磷

在OP/正戊醇/正庚烷/水微乳介质中,建立了孔雀绿-磷锑钼杂多酸缔合分光光度法测定钢样中的磷的方法,研究了显色时间、显色剂、微乳液、酸的用量对显色反应的影响.结果表明:离子缔合物的最大吸收波长为660nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为9.4×104 L·mol-1·cm-1,磷含量在0.04~0.44μg/mL内符合比尔定律.孔雀绿与磷锑钼的络合比为4∶1.该法较传统的磷的测量方法灵敏度高,14种常见离子对反应基本无干扰.用于钢样中磷的测定相对标准偏差在3%之内.     

基于多新息理论的卡尔曼滤波改进算法

系统建模是卡尔曼滤波的基础,系统模型不准确带来的验前数据误差,使滤波器精度降低,甚至可能造成发散.针对这种情况,提出一种基于多新息理论改进的卡尔曼滤波算法.多新息卡尔曼滤波算法不仅考虑了运动目标当前的运动状态,而且也充分利用目标之前运动信息,从而使得多新息卡尔曼滤波算法的滤波精度和稳定性得到改善.仿真结果表明,改进的多新息卡尔曼滤波算法较标准卡尔曼滤波算法更有效,预测精度更高.     

RC剪力墙在不同轴压比下抗震性能的数值模拟分析

利用Ansys有限元分析软件,对不同轴压比下的RC剪力墙进行数值模拟分析,采用荷载步文件进行低周反复荷载的模拟加载,研究轴压比分别为0.20,0.25,0.30的3片剪力墙的抗震性能,包括抗震承载力、延性、耗能能力、裂缝开展模式等的变化规律。研究表明,模拟结果与轴压比为0.25的实体墙的试验结果相吻合。     

海流能水轮机模拟研究

为了实现海流能发电的实际工况模拟,分析了直流电动机与水轮机的运行机理,探讨了二者的功率及转矩特性,设计了控制直流电机的电流转速双闭环控制策略,并利用Matlab/Simulink搭建了水轮机模拟仿真系统,完成了固定流速、缓慢增速和随机流速3种典型工况下的系统仿真实验。实验结果表明,电流转速双闭环的直流电动机控制系统可准确模拟水轮机的主轴转矩,适用于实验室条件下对海流能发电机的测试。     

基于粗糙集神经网络的网络安全态势评估方法

为克服多源数据融合中存在信息高维、冗余和噪音等大量不确定性因素给网络安全态势评估带来的复杂影响,提出一种基于粗糙集神经网络的网络安全态势评估方法。该方法既利用粗糙集理论在机械学习、处理冗余信息和特征提取等方面的能力,又结合神经网络处理噪音和任意逼近能力构造出由指标层、离散层、规则层、决策层组成的态势评估模型,并与BP神经网络方法进行对比研究。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法偏差较少,更能客观、准确地分析网络安全状况。     

Virtual network embedding based on real-time topological attributes

As a great challenge of network virtualization, virtual network embedding/mapping is increasingly important. It aims to successfully and efficiently assign the nodes and links of a virtual network (VN)...