In situ FTIR spectroscopic studies of electrooxidation of ethanol on Pd electrode in alkaline media

Electrooxidation of ethanol on a polycrystalline Pd disk electrode in alkaline media was studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflection spectroscopy. The emphasis was put on the quantitative determination of intermediates and products involved in the oxidation. It has revealed that most of ethanol was incompletely oxidized to acetate. The selectivity for ethanol oxidation to CO₂ (existing as CO₃²⁻ in alkaline media) was determined as low as 2.5% in the potential region where Pd electrode exhibited considerable electrocatalytic activity (−0.60 to 0.0 V vs. SCE). Nevertheless, the ability of Pd for breaking C-C bond in ethanol is still slightly better than that of Pt under the same conditions. Besides, a very weak band of adsorbed intermediate, bridge-bonded CO (CO_B) was identified on the Pd electrode for the first time, suggesting that CO₂ and CO₃²⁻ species may also be generated through CO pathway (i.e., indirect pathway).     

一种基于模糊数据关联的粒子滤波算法

为了解决杂波环境下多机动目标的数据关联问题,提出一种将粒子滤波器(PF)和模糊数据关联(FDA)相结合的数据关联算法。本算法首先应用粒子滤波方法对目标的状态进行采样,得到样本(粒子),然后结合量测,用模糊数据关联算法分别对每个粒子求得其对各个目标的隶属度,比较各个隶属度的大小,把最大的隶属度作为粒子在滤波中的权值,从而实现多目标的跟踪。另外,在应用FDA的过程中对其中的常量m进行取值分析,讨论了其不同取值对跟踪效果的影响。仿真结果表明,与其他的常规跟踪方法粒子滤波及扩展卡尔曼滤波相比,该方法具有较好的跟踪效果;与粒子滤波结合联合数据关联方法相比,跟踪效果相差不大,但是具有更好的实时性。     

粒子初始化对TBD算法性能的影响探究

基于粒子滤波的检测前跟踪(TBD)算法是检测微弱目标的有效手段,但现有粒子滤波方法在进行微弱目标检测时,通常是在已知粒子初始参数范围的条件下进行研究的,没有考虑粒子初始参数对算法性能的影响。在对粒子状态预测过程中涉及的参数进行理论分析的基础上,发现粒子初始速度范围和初始状态范围两种参数对算法性能有较大影响。通过大量实验证明粒子初始参数的优化对算法的检测能力、跟踪精度和时间复杂度3方面性能都有所改善,为研究利用基于粒子滤波的TBD微弱目标检测提供新的思路。     

电子装备测试性分析关键技术研究

针对目前国内测试性分析的理论较杂,缺少综合、适用的分析系统的问题,研究了利用功能—行为—结构(FBS)模型描述测试性的技术,提出了基于故障模式、影响和危害性分析法,利用FBS模型进行测试性分析,构建了测试性层次型预计体系。     

基于粒子滤波的扩展目标检测前跟踪算法

针对扩展目标跟踪检测问题,把粒子滤波与检测前跟踪算法相结合应用于扩展目标。把目标强度和空间长度引入状态向量,解决粒子滤波易发散的缺点,实现对扩展目标的有效跟踪检测。最后,在对目标有效检测的基础上,对目标强度和空间长度进行估计。仿真表明,该算法能够较好地跟踪和检测扩展目标,并能有效估计目标强度和扩展长度。     

晶体硅太阳能电池钝化膜制备技术的新进展

晶体硅太阳能电池行业的迅猛发展,对产业装备提出了越来越高的要求,本文介绍了晶硅太阳能电池钝化膜的制备原理,比较了当前几种主流的PECVD设备技术特点、相互区别,并进一步分析了PECVD设备的技术发展趋势.高性能、高产量、高成品率、低维护成本以及环保节能等是PECVD设备技术能满足市场并高速发展的重要条件.     

A new Zn2+ chemosensor based on functionalized 8-hydroxylquinoline

A new fluorescent Zn²⁺ chemosensor (3) based on functionalized 8-hydroxylquinoline has been synthesized and characterized. Compound 3 shows weak fluorescence in CH₃CN–HEPES buffer solution (50 mM, pH 7.2 v/v = 1:9), but the fluorescence is significantly enhanced upon binding to Zn²⁺ through a zinc(II)-catalyzed ester hydrolysis reaction to form a highly emissive zinc(II) complex. This suggests that 3 can be served as a typical “switch–on” chemosensor with high selectivity for Zn²⁺ over other metal ions.     

A novel three-dimensional network silver coordination polymer with flexible bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)ethane

The self-assembly reaction of the flexible ligand 1,2-bis(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)ethane (btre) and AgClO₄ gives a novel coordination polymer {[Ag(btre)](ClO₄)}_n (1). Adjacent two silver(I) atoms are linked through four nitrogen atoms of two N1/N2 atoms of two btre ligands and form Ag₂N₄ 6-membered rings and construct a one-dimensional chain. The chains extend through btre bridges in four different directions alternatively to construct a novel three-dimensional network. Compound 1 exhibits luminescence emission maxima at 326 nm upon excitation at 260 nm in the solid state at room temperature. The anion exchange of compound 1 with BF₄^? and NO₃^? occurs smoothly in a typical aqueous media.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中砷的含量

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP—MS）测定土壤中砷的含量。样品经过微波消解,在线加入内标校正基体效应,通过修正方程校正质量数干扰。测定砷元素校正曲线的相关系数0．9999,检出限0．01mg／kg,样品分析结果的变异系数为1．6％～2．4％（n=6）,加标回收率在84．0％-96．8％。同时采用国家标准方法氢化物-原子荧光光度法验证了方法的准确度,两种方法结果无显著差异。实验结果表明,该方法具有简单、快速、检出限低等特点,可用于土壤中砷含量的测定和监控。     

PBMA包覆硅灰石的化学结构与表面性质

以溶度参数与聚丙烯较为接近的甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)为包覆剂,采用原位无皂乳液聚合的方法,在硅灰石微纤表面聚合包覆聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯(PBMA)。采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)和热失重仪(TG)表征了PBMA包覆硅灰石的化学结构,运用沉降体积和表面接触角等分析手段表征了硅灰石的表面性质,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)表征硅灰石在聚丙烯树脂中的分散形态。结果表明,包覆后的硅灰石微纤表面性质由亲水性转变为疏水性,在聚丙烯树脂中能够形成均匀分散,并且与聚丙烯的的界面结合作用得到明显增强。