配焦粉炼焦的焦炭冷、热态性能研究

配加焦粉炼焦的焦粉细度、配量对焦炭质量，尤其焦炭的热态性能的影响，进行了试验分析，明确了焦粉细度和配量的变化对焦炭质量的影响趋势，更好的指导配焦粉炼焦的生产。     

火箭炮位置伺服系统的神经网络监督控制

火箭炮发射架位置伺服系统中存在燃气流冲击力矩、参数时变、外部扰动等非线性因素的作用,针对传统PID控制难以在此复杂工况下取得良好控制效果的缺点,文中设计了基于传统PID控制的RBF神经网络监督控制器,完成了神经网络离线样本的选取和训练算法的改进,利用神经网络自学习、自整定能力增强系统的自适应能力。仿真结果表明此复合控制策略可以有效提高系统的控制品质。     

Tuning stoichiometry of high-entropy oxides for tailorable thermal expansion coefficients and low thermal conductivity

Thermal barrier coating materials with proper thermal expansion coefficient (TEC), low thermal conductivity, and good high-temperature stability are of great significance for their applications in next-generation turbine engines. Herein, we report a new class of high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x with different Ce⁴⁺ contents synthesized by a solid-state reaction method. They exhibit different crystal structures at different Ce⁴⁺ content, including a bixbyite single phase without Ce⁴⁺ doping (x = 0), bixbyite-fluorite dual-phase in the RE₂O₃-rich region (0 < x < 2), and fluorite single phase in the stoichiometric (x = 2) and CeO₂-rich region (x > 2). The high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x exhibit tailorable TECs at a large range of 9.04 × 10^–6–13.12 × 10^–6 °C^–1 and engineered low thermal conductivity of 1.79–2.63 W·m^–1·K^–1. They also possess good sintering resistance and high-temperature phase stability. These results reveal that the high-entropy (La_0.2Sm_0.2Er_0.2Yb_0.2Y_0.2)₂Ce_xO_3+2x are promising candidates for thermal barrier coating materials as well as thermally insulating materials and refractories.     

加快生物质废弃物吸附增强制可再生氢气

作为全球性的优质能源载体,氢的主要生产方式包括碳氢化合物（例如天然气、煤炭和生物质）的热化学过程以及使用电力来源与可再生能源（如风能或太阳能等）的水电解过程。目前的水电解技术在大规模制氢方面经济竞争力亟待提升。本文指出：为了在2060年实现碳中和,迫切需要开发绿氢制备新技术,大力发展可再生制氢和低碳制氢。具有碳捕集、利用和封存的碳氢化合物低碳制氢（蓝色）技术将占重要地位,随后逐步转向可再生制氢（绿色）,并有望全面实现零碳制氢,进而对长期低碳化社会的发展至关重要。文章提出我国生物质资源非常丰富,但生物质废弃物制氢的技术成熟度仍然较低,迫切需要开发从生物质中高效生产可再生氢气的新技术,以显著提高氢气产量并降低成本;吸附增强反应代表了一种可用于可持续生产氢的有前景的新技术;氢气的产率和纯度可以通过过程强化得到显著提高,制氢过程的强化可以在多功能反应器中实现,其中重整和/或气化、水煤气变换和CO₂移除步骤可将重整/水煤气变换反应催化剂和CO₂捕集剂混合而集成到一个反应器中。最后指出：由于该过程潜力巨大,因此应助推耦合气化和吸附增强反应过程从生物质废弃物中生产可再生氢气的工艺过程,以加快推进碳中和进程。     

Insights into the confinement effect on isobutane alkylation with C4 olefin catalyzed by zeolite catalyst: A combined theoretical and experimental study

Elucidating the confinement effect harbours tremendous significance for isobutane alkylation with C₄ olefin. Herein, the confinement effect over zeolite catalysts was elucidated by combining DFT calculations, experiments (using the novel Beta zeolite exposing only external surfaces (Beta-E) and conventional Beta-I zeolite with both external and internal surfaces) and multi-techniques (e.g., TGA-DTG, HRTEM, SEM and XRD). It is found that the main active sites for C₄ alkylation reaction are located on internal surface rather than external surface. On the external surface, the hydride transfer reaction does not occur because the H-shared intermediate cannot be formed without the confinement effect. Moreover, the external surface has stronger selectivity for C₄ olefin adsorption than isobutane, leading to enhanced oligomerization reactions. Therefore, the suitable micropore with confinement effect is essential for zeolite-catalyzed C₄ alkylation. The atomic-scale insights of this work are of great referential importance to the design of highly effective zeolite catalyst.     

Visible Light Photocatalysis on Magnetically Recyclable Fe3O4/Cu2O Nanostructures

Catalysis Letters - Magnetically recyclable visible light photocatalysts for the degradation of critical organic pollutants are an urgent industrial requirement. Nonetheless, one component...     

Simultaneous oxidation of aromatic compounds using Sr-doped lanthanum manganites as catalysts

Strontium-doped lanthanum manganites, La_1-xSr_xMnO₃ (LSMO), are promising and affordable catalysts for oxidative degradation of volatile organic compounds. LSMO catalysts (x = 0, .1, .2, and .3) were prepared by the citrate-nitrate autocombustion (CNA) and coprecipitation synthesis. The phase composition was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement analysis, while the oxygen content was determined by Mohr's salt permanganate titration. Morphology and porosity of prepared catalysts was correlated to catalytic oxidation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene. It was observed that both synthesis methods yielded catalysts of similar average pore size diameter and specific surface area, but the pore size distribution differed: CNA-prepared catalysts had a multimodal pore size distribution, while the coprecipitated ones had a single maximum at 4 nm. Catalysts prepared by the CNA method have shown a higher catalytic activity in the temperature range 373–723 K, as the presence of Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ mixed valences increased their reducibility.     

新疆某铀矿酸法和CO_2地浸采区地下水的污染特征及机理

为研究酸法和CO_2地浸采铀对地下水的影响,对新疆伊犁盆地的酸法和CO_2地浸采区的地下水水质进行采样分析。结果表明,酸法地浸开采时地下水中绝大部分组分含量均明显高于地下水本底值和国家地下水Ⅲ类质量标准,总矿化度超过国家地下水Ⅲ类标准11倍左右,超标的组份主要有硫酸根、锰、镍、铁、铅、锌、镉、砷等重金属元素和钍等放射性元素。CO_2地浸对地下水各个组分浓度影响要小得多,pH基本不变,总矿化度高出国家地下水Ⅲ类质量标准2.6倍左右,地下水中主要的污染因子为硫酸根离子、硝酸根离子、氯离子、锰离子和镍离子,而铜、锌、镉、铅、铁、砷等其它组分浓度未发生显著变化。酸法采区中的单项污染指数依次为FeMnNiPbSO_4~(2-)ZnAsCd,CO_2采区中单项污染指数依次为NO_3~-MnNiSO_4~(2-)Cl~-。酸法采区地下水综合污染指数比CO_2采区高3～384倍。污染物主要来源于人为注入的化学试剂和含矿层中矿物反应释放的组分,两种地浸方法由于加入的溶浸剂不同导致地下水的地球化学环境和污染特征存在显著差异。     

分析化学网络智能组卷系统的开发

为了进一步推动教学改革,促进教学质量的提高,我们开发了分析化学智能组卷系统,介绍了智能组卷系统开发的意义、开发过程、主要特色及使用效果,并对开发前景进行了展望。结果表明:该网络智能组卷系统具有客观性强、时间快、易于控制试卷难度等特点,深受师生和专家好评。     

无机化学实验教学绿色化探索与实践

基于绿色化学的理念,就如何实现无机化学实验的绿色化进行了探索和研究。提出了推行微型化学实验、多媒体仿真技术、"三废"处理、串联实验和现代检测技术应用于无机化学实验中。通过以上措施,加强和培养了师生的环境保护意识,树立了绿色化学的理念。同时,无机化学及实验的绿色化节约了化学试剂,减少有毒有害物质的排放,实现了环境友好化过程。