Fabrication of curved micro structures on photoresist layer

A novel fabrication process for micro patterns with curvature was introduced. The curved structures were made by compensating rectangular micro structures with liquid photoresist layer. Because of the surface tension of the liquid in micro scale, various shapes of meniscus can be made on the micro channels. The micro channels were made on the silicon substrate in advance, and then the liquid layer was coated on the micro channels. From the nature of liquid behavior, the curved patterns with smooth surface are obtained, which cannot be made easily with the conventional mechanical machining, as well as with the microfabrication processes, such as wet and dry etching. With this principle, it is expected that the smooth and curved surfaces can be made by simple processes and the results can be applied widely, such as optical patterns.     

Defect Structure and Electrical Properties of Single-Crystal Ba0.03Sr0.97TiO3

The electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of single-crystalline Ba_0.03Sr_0.97TiO₃ were measured over a wide temperature (800° to 1100°C) and oxygen partial pressure (10⁵ to 10^-15 Pa) range. Our experimental data, like those of previous workers on nominally undoped BaTiO₃ or SrTiO₃, support a defect model based on doubly ionized oxygen vacancies, electrons, holes, and accidental acceptor impurities. The simultaneous measurement of electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power, together with precise experimental data obtained with an advanced thermoectric power measurement technique, enabled us to determine for the first time reliable values for the preexponential factors and the activation energies which characterize the defect equilibrium constants. These calculated values, together with the defect model, were found to give an excellent fit to the experimental data, and were used to generate the boundaries, in P _o2-1/ T space, of the various defect regimes.     

Fate of Pigments and Phytate During Isolation of Protein from Defatted Glandless Cottonseed Flour

In sequentially extracting proteins from defatted glandless cottonseed flour with water, salt (5% NaCl) and alkali (0.2% NaOH) solutions, high concentrations of yellow pigments resulted in watersoluble isolate (WSI), while much of the dark-brown pigments and phosphorus were found in alkali-soluble isolate (ASI) and small amounts of pigments in salt-soluble isolate (SSI). The major protein fractions of WSI and SSI contained small amounts of sugar and pigments and no phosphorus, while that of ASI contained high levels of bound sugar, dark-brown pigments and phosphorus. Yellow pigments were preferentially bound to small molecular weight proteins, but dark-brown pigments were bound to large protein molecules.     

A Process to Produce Light Colored Protein Isolate from Defatted Glandless Cottonseed Flour

Light colored protein isolates could be produced from aqueous protein extract (at pH 9.0) of defatted cottonseed flour by filtering through an ultrafiltration membrane with 100,000 MWCO (molecular weight cut off) pore size and then spray-drying the retentate. The yield of this protein fraction was approximately 68% of the extracted solid. About 15% of the extracted solid was recovered with the low molecular fraction (50,000 daltons) when the permeate of 100,000 MWCO was applied to 50,000 MWCO membrane. Most of the color-causing pigments were associated with the low molecular fraction.     

基于经验模态分解和神经网络的微网混合储能容量优化配置

提出一种针对独立微网的超级电容/蓄电池混合储能系统(HESS)的容量优化方法。运用经验模态分解技术,将一段记录完全的非平稳风功率分解成为若干固有模态函数(IMF)。在各固有模态函数的瞬时频率—时间曲线的基础上,通过"分频频率"将原始风功率分解成高频与低频2部分,并分别采用HESS中的超级电容和蓄电池来平抑风功率的高频、低频波动分量。平抑后输入负荷侧的功率平滑度可通过平滑度指标量化。采用神经网络模型优化HESS的容量,通过成本和平滑度指标之间的折中实现HESS的容量优化配置。基于某风电场实测数据的仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Adaptive power saving mechanism considering the request period of each initiation of awakening in the IEEE 802.16e system

Performance of the IEEE 802.16 e power management is mainly affected by two operating parameters: the minimum sleep interval (T _min) and the maximum sleep interval (T _max), in sleep-mode operation. To enhance the performance, this letter proposes a new power saving mechanism, which adaptively controls these parameters by considering the request period of each initiation of awakening (Tint)- The numerical analysis and simulation results show that this mechanism can achieve better energy conservation with reasonable response delay of Medium Access Control (MAC) Service Data Units (SDUs) than the standard operation.     

Effects of inter-electrode insertion on the performance and thermal flow fields of a hollow-electrode plasma torch

The effects of inter-electrode insertion on the performance of a hollow-electrode plasma torch have been investigated by numerical analysis. Simulation results revealed that when inter-electrodes are inserted, the arc voltages and plasma powers increase due to the increase in the arc length. In addition,it was predicted that thermal efficiency can be improved with the increase in plasma power by injecting plasma gases through the gaps between inter-electrodes. These unique effects of inter-electrode insertion are a result of the plasma temperatures adjusting themselves to increase arc voltages when the arc column is contracted radially by increasing gas-flow rate or decreasing inter-electrode diameter.     

固体氧化物燃料电池离子- 电子混合传导性Ni/ScSZ 燃料极的制备以及性能分析

在薄膜固体氧化物燃料电池中,为增加发生电化学反应的三相界面面积,燃料极和空气极通常制备成离子-电子混合传导性质的多孔形态。该研究将燃料极电化学反应(氢氧化反应)的催化剂——镍(Ni)和氧离子传导性好的氧化钪稳定的氧化锆(ScSZ)混合制备成离子-电子混合传导燃料极。实验结果显示,与纯 Ni 燃料极相比,所制备的 Ni/ScSZ 燃料极因其三相界面面积的增加,可显著降低极化电阻,但同时欧姆电阻也显著增加,从而最终导致燃料电池单池性能总体下降。     

Torsional vibration analysis of lathe spindle system with unbalanced workpiece

For the purpose of analyzing the torsional vibration caused by the gravitational unbalance torque arisen in a spindle system when it is machining heavy work piece, a 10-DOF lumped parameter model was made for the machine tool spindle system with geared transmission. By using the elementary method and Runge-Kutta method in Matlab, the eigenvalue problem was solved and the pure torsional vibration responses were obtained and examined. The results show that the spindle system cannot operate in the desired constant rotating speed as far as the gravitational unbalance torque is engaged, so it may cause bad effect on machining accuracy. And the torsional vibration increases infinitely near the resonant frequencies, so the spindle system cannot operate normally during these spindle speed ranges.     

Pilot Scale Aerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Pig Waste Treatment

A n existing aetated lagoon treating piggery waste was converted into an aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). After the commissioning period, the SBR plant treated piggery wastewater containing BOD and suspended solids (SS) concentrations of 2881 mg/l and 1419 mg/1 respectively, producing an effluent having an average BOD and SS of 18.7 mg/1 and 12.3 mg/1 respectively. The volumetric loadings on the SBR and the process were similar. However, the SBR process operated at a lower mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration and shorter sludge retention period. Although the capital and operating costs of the SBR are higher than for the aerated lagoon, the simplicity of operation, the high BOD and SS removal efficiency, and the small land requirement make this type of process an attractive treatment option, particularly in places where land supply is limited and expensive.