Preparation of treelike and rodlike carboxymethylated nanocellulose and their effect on carboxymethyl cellulose films

In this work, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with low substitution degree, followed by different posttreatments, was applied to prepare treelike CMC nanofibrils (CMCNFs) and rodlike CMC nanocrystals (CMCNCs), and their performance in CMC composite film was evaluated simultaneously. From transmission electron microscopy results, it was found that the treelike CMCNCFs exhibited a lager aspect ratio compared to the rodlike CMCNCs. As for reinforcing CMC film, 4 wt% was the best adding amount, at this time, the tensile strength of CMC/CMCNFs and CMC/CMCNCs composite films was increased by 72.1% and 47.3%, respectively. Moreover, adding these nanofillers to CMC also could enhance the thermal stability of composite films slightly, while the transmittance of composite films was reduced at the same time. In addition, CMC/CMCNFs film was designed as a packaging box to determine its performance. Therefore, this study could reveal the differences of properties for composites with different types of nanocellulose and provide a foundation for further application of nanocellulose.     

Removal behavior and mechanism of silver from low concentration wastewater using cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbazide

Due to the low concentration of silver in water, most of the cellulose adsorbents exhibited low removal efficiency, which greatly limited their practical applications. Herein, a cellulose aerogel modified by thiosemicarbamide (CAT) was fabricated for reducing and adsorbing silver ions from low concentration wastewater. The characterization results concluded that CAT owned a three-dimensional spongy structure with many circular microspheres and a better specific surface area (19.37 m² g⁻¹), as well as the functional groups of ─C═N⁺─H and ─(C═S)─N. The static batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that CAT could reached the maximum removal percentage of 94.94% and adsorption capacity of 42.12 mg g⁻¹ under the initial concentration of Ag(I) was 15 mg L⁻¹ and the pH value was 7. Meanwhile, the adsorption of Ag(I) on CAT was second-order reaction, and the Langmuir model could better fit the adsorption process. In addition, CAT exhibited wide pH values (1–9) adaptability and excellent adsorption performance for silver through electrostatic interaction, chelation, and reduction. This study probably provides a new method as well as important experimental data and theoretical reference for the removal of silver ions and other metals.     

Engineering all-aromatic polyamide surface from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic and the accelerated strategy

Being a new kind of nanomaterials, aromatic polyamide nanofibers (ANF) have been much highlighted in recent studies. We here demonstrate an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) accelerated chemical cleavage on poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) chopped fibers, which provides an efficient preparation method of ANF. The comprehensive study on the processes accelerated by different alcohols revealed that the preparation time of ANF in the mixed medium of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-alcohol (20:1 in volume) was shorten to 45 min and 75 min for methanol (ethanol) and isopropanol, respectively. However, the nanofibers prepared in DMSO-IPA exhibited the minimum in axial and radial dimensions, providing the finest and most uniform diameter of 16 nm. The corresponding ANF films through vacuum assisted filtration also showed the highest tensile strength of 150 MPa, in comparison with those of the ANF films prepared using other alcohols, which were about 110 MPa. Furthermore, ANF/silicon hybrid films were prepared by the ionic ring-opening reaction followed by the alkoxysilane condensation and nanoparticle fabrication. By changing the organo functional groups in the alkoxysilane, the surface of the films were adjustable in a wide contact angle range from 56° (hydrophilic) to 150° (superhydrophobic), suggesting the amendable interfacial properties potential applicable to composite fabrication with most of the resin matrix.     

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with improved crosslink density,oxidation stability,and microbial inhibition by chemical crosslinking and tea polyphenols for total joint replacements

Highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stabilized by vitamin E (VE) is widely applied in artificial joints as the bearings. Despite the approval, there is a discord that VE lowers the crosslinking efficiency, limiting its use at high concentration. In this work, we aim to obtain highly crosslinked and oxidation resistant UHMWPE through the conjunction of tea polyphenol and chemical crosslinking. We hypothesized that highly incorporated tea polyphenol with multiple reactive sites can ameliorate crosslinking efficiency of chemical crosslinked UHMWPE in comparison to VE. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as representative tea polyphenol was incorporated into UHMWPE at high concentration (2–8 wt%), followed by chemical crosslinking with 2 wt% organic peroxide. Unlike VE/UHMWPE blends as the control, chemical crosslinking achieved an increasing trend in crosslink density of EGCG/UHMWPE blends with increasing antioxidant concentration. High concentration of EGCG also enhanced the oxidation stability of UHMWPE. Intriguingly, EGCG endowed UHMWPE with an excellent antimicrobial property, which was inefficient in VE/UHMWPE. Cell viability was hardly affected by the high loaded antioxidant and peroxide. The chemically crosslinked UHMWPE blended with EGCG is proved to be a reasonable, cost effective and realistic alternative for use in artificial joints.     

Tough and self-healing hydrophobic association hydrogels with cationic surfactant

Hydrophobic association (HA) hydrogels with outstanding mechanical, rheological and recovery properties were successfully synthesized by micellar copolymerization of acrylamide with lauryl methacrylate. The synthesis occurred at room temperature and the synthesis condition was moderate by using the redox initiator system of Ammonium persulfate - sodium bisulfite as initiators. Cationic surfactant (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide) was utilized to form micelles with hydrophobe, served as physical cross-linking points in the 3D networks of hydrogels. The HA hydrogels showed a high tensile strength of 181 kPa, superior stretchability of 2300% and excellent toughness of 2.16 MJ m⁻³. Moreover, they owned extraordinary self-recovery under different conditions. It is hopeful that the hydrogels with superior mechanical strength and self-healing properties would be applied to the fields of biomedicine and engineering. Meanwhile, based on above materials, HA hydrogels could also be synthesized with the combination of hydrophobic association and other synergistic effects, such as latex particles, electrostatic effect and nanoparticles.     

基于 YOLOv5 算法的交通标志识别技术研究

针对传统方式识别交通标志算法存在的检测精度较低的问题,提出了一种改进YOLOv5算法的交通标志识别方法.首先改进YOLOv5算法的损失函数,使用EIOU损失函数代替YOLOv5算法所使用的GIOU损失函数来优化训练模型,提高算法的精度,实现对目标更快速的识别;然后使用加权Cluster非极大值抑制(NMS)改进YOLOv5本身所使用的加权NMS算法,提高生成检测框的准确率.实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOv5算法在由长沙理工大学制作的CCTSDB交通标志数据集上训练的模型的mAP值达到了84.35％,比原始的YOLOv5算法提高了6.23％.所以改进YOLOv5算法在交通标志识别中有更高的精度,能够更好的应用到实践当中.     

旋转扫描结构光的三维检测系统及其标定

针对传统平移扫描检测系统的缺陷,提出了一种基于旋转扫描线结构光的三维检测与重构系统及对应的系统参数标定方法,建立了点云数据获取模型。被测物体通过旋转实现与线结构光间的相对运动,得到被测物体的外表面二维图像。系统标定获得图像坐标与世界坐标间的转换关系,得到被测物体的三维坐标信息及数字模型。由实验可知,相机的标定精度为0.2 mm,原理样机进行物体测量的精度为0.1 mm。实验证明该系统检测精度高,具有可行性。     

CBN磨具用玻璃结合剂的结构与性能研究

采用传统熔体淬法制备了R2O—MO—B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2多元系统玻璃结合剂（R为碱金属，M为碱土金属）。利用红外光谱技术研究了玻璃的结构。测试了玻璃结合剂的抗弯强度和热膨胀系数，分析了玻璃组成及结构变化对玻璃性能的影响。结果表明：所有玻璃网络中均存在[SiO4]、[AlO4]四面体和[BO3]三角体结构单元。当SiO2增加到58．95mol％时，玻璃网络中出现[BO4]四面体，此时玻璃的抗折强度急剧下降，而膨胀系数由增大变成减小。SiO2含量为55．09mol％的样品适合用作CBN磨具玻璃结合剂。     

微/纳米复合多层金刚石自支撑膜的制备及应力研究

利用大功率DC Arc Plasma Jet CVD装置,采用Ar-H2-CH4混合气体为气源,通过优化工艺参数,在多晶钼衬底上制备出了多层复合金刚石自支撑膜.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼谱(Raman)对膜体进行表征,结果显示,多层膜体的组织结构体现了微米金刚石与纳米金刚石的典型特征;复合金刚石自支撑膜具有光滑的表面,微米层与纳米层间呈相互嵌套式的界面;此外,利用激光拉曼谱分析了多层膜中的内应力状态,研究发现,多层膜中各层膜体具有不同的内应力状态,内应力沿膜体生长方向有明显变化,呈现出从压应力到拉应力的变化过程.     

基于INTERNET的铸件缺陷远程诊断专家系统

探索一种基于Internet的铸件缺陷远程诊断专家系统的开发方法。选择移植式“专家系统上网”方案;采用根据缺陷的物理特征,利用国际铸造技术协会的铸件缺陷分类体系,以缺陷示意图和实物图片作为识别向导,由粗到精判定缺陷、分析缺陷成因并提出防止措施的铸件缺陷诊断思想;以微软最新的动态网页开发技术ASP．NET作为系统的开发工具,使用Access作为后台数据源,并用ADO．NET技术连接数据库,实现多用户可同时对系统不问断咨询;介绍实现系统功能的关键技术。将铸件缺陷诊断专家系统从单机平台转向In- ternet,提高了专家系统的共享度、系统升级维护的方便性,避免了专家知识的孤立和老化,为建造分布式铸件缺陷诊断专家协作系统打下了基础。