诺氟沙星微囊包囊率及收率的测定

采用6种不同溶剂-非溶剂制备诺氟沙星微囊,并测定包囊率和收率.结果表明,选用二氯甲烷-正已烷制备诺氟沙星微囊其包囊率在6种溶剂-非溶剂组成中最高,达90.90%,收率也较高为87.27%.     

Intracranial germinomas: correlation of imaging findings with tumor response to radiation therapy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to correlate imaging characteristics of intracranial germinomas with response to radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using tumor size at the completion of irradiation, we classified 23 patients with histologically proven germinomas in the pineal gland (n = 6), the suprasellar region (n = 7), and the basal ganglia (n = 10) into two groups: excellent response group (n = 14) and good response group (n = 9). Excellent response was defined as complete resolution or residual tumor less than 1.0 cm in diameter, and good response was defined as residual tumor of 1.0-3.0 cm in diameter. CT (n = 53) and MR (n = 32) images obtained before, during, and after radiation therapy were retrospectively analyzed with particular attention to the location, size, presence of cystic change, and CSF seeding of the tumors. RESULTS: In all 23 patients, the tumors decreased 85-100% in size at the completion of irradiation with 40-56 Gy. A significant factor in the different responses to irradiation between patients in the excellent and good response groups was cystic change of the tumor. Tumors with cystic components responded more slowly and had larger residual lesions than did tumors without cystic components (p < .01). In eight of 12 cystic tumors, the cystic portion of the tumor responded more slowly than did the solid portion and remained visible on imaging 6-12 months after irradiation. We found no significant differences between the two groups in location, size, and CSF seeding of tumors. In 12 patients with residual lesions at the completion of irradiation, the tumors proceeded to resolve after completion of treatment. CONCLUSION: In our study, tumor response to radiation therapy correlated negatively with the presence of a cystic region.     

Undetectable serum thyroglobulin in a patient with metastatic follicular thyroid cancer

The case of a 54-year-old woman with metastatic follicular thyroid cancer and undetectable serum thyroglobulin is presented. Many years after the patient had a subtotal thyroidectomy for a large goiter that had no clear evidence of malignancy, metastatic bone disease developed. When the bone metastases were detected and during the follow-up period, serum thyroglobulin values remained undetectable, but radioiodine uptake in the metastases was abundant. This case indicates that the combination of 1-131 scintigraphy and serum thyroglobulin values is superior to the measurement of serum thyroglobulin alone in detecting well-differentiated, metastatic thyroid cancer.     

Unusual gastric tumors: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

The overlap of radiologic findings in many gastric tumors makes differentiation difficult. However, some unusual gastric tumors have characteristic radiologic features that may suggest a specific diagnosis. At barium study, lipomas typically manifest as a smooth submucosal mass or an ulcerated lesion with a "bull's-eye" appearance that is indistinguishable from other mesenchymal tumors. At computed tomography (CT), lipomas usually manifest as well-circumscribed submucosal masses with fat attenuation. At radiology, glomus tumors appear as smooth submucosal masses with or without ulceration and may contain tiny flecks of calcification. These tumors frequently demonstrate strong enhancement on early-phase contrast material-enhanced images. At barium study, lymphangiomas may appear as smooth intramural masses that are indistinguishable from other mesenchymal tumors. At CT, they manifest as non-enhancing extramucosal masses with homogeneous low attenuation. Diffuse lesions in Brunner gland hamartoma manifest as multiple small nodules, producing a characteristic "cobblestone" appearance. Lymphomas may have typical imaging features (eg, more pronounced and homogeneous mural thickening) that can help differentiate them from adenocarcinoma. In addition, adenocarcinomas may demonstrate unusual findings such as transpyloric spread, unusually large polyps, or intratumoral calcifications. Familiarity with these radiologic features of gastric tumors can help ensure correct diagnosis and proper management.     

Pulmonary tuberculosis presenting as acute respiratory failure: radiologic findings

PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to describe the radiologic findings of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients who presented with acute respiratory failure. METHODS: We included patients who had newly diagnosed active pulmonary tuberculosis and who presented with acute respiratory failure. Initial chest radiographic (n = 17) and high-resolution CT (n = 11) findings of each patient were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of 1,010 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, 17 patients (1.7%) presented with acute respiratory failure. Nine (53%) of the 17 patients died. The most common initial chest radiographic findings were small nodular lesions (16/17; 94%), consolidation (13/17; 76%), and ground-glass opacity (12/17; 70%). Eleven (69%) of 16 nodular lesions, 9 of 13 (69%) consolidations, and 10 of 12 (83%) ground-glass opacities were bilateral. On HRCT (n = 11), miliary micronodular lesions were seen in 6 patients (55%), whereas bronchogenic spread of tuberculosis with disseminated centrilobular nodules and tree-in-bud appearance was seen in 5 patients (45%). Diffuse areas of ground-glass attenuation were seen in all six patients with miliary nodules and four of five patients with bronchogenic spread of tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis occasionally present with acute respiratory failure. In this condition, chest radiograph most commonly shows bilateral small nodular lesions mixed with consolidation or ground-glass opacity, whereas HRCT demonstrates findings of miliary or bronchogenic disseminated tuberculosis with diffuse areas of ground-glass attenuation.     

Correlation between mammographic manifestations and averaged histopathologic nuclear grade using prognosis-predict scoring system for the prognosis of ductal carcinoma in situ

This retrospective study correlated the mammographic manifestations and averaged nuclear grades using Holland, Van-Nuys, and Lagios classifications in 37 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS); microcalcifications alone were seen in 59.4%, microcalcifications with associated mass in 19%, and mass alone in 21.6%. DCIS is more likely to be accompanied by microcalcifications than mass on mammography. Correlation is good between the nuclear grades of DCIS and mammographic manifestations.     

颅脑外伤性迟发性出血的CT诊断

目的：用ＣＴ随访研究颅内迟发性血肿,方法：在２３２例颅脑外伤患者中行ＣＴ随访检查,结果：６１例发现有迟发性颅内出血,其中３８例为原血肿增大或出现新的血肿;８例为对冲伤血肿,１５例为脑挫伤与小量散在出血灶,结论：在外伤病例中,即使开初ＣＴ扫描为阴性者,如病人的临床表现有改变,如症状加重,意识丧失,抽搐等,应立即行ＣＴ复查,对ＣＴ随访的价值及迟发出血的机理也进行了讨论。     

细支气管肺泡癌的CT表现

目的：回顾性分析细支气管肺泡癌（ＢＡＣ）的ＣＴ表现：方法：４２例经病理证实的ＢＡＣ,根据ＣＴ表现分为结节型,实变型和多结节型,分别为２３,１６和３例;结合献资料分析各型肺泡癌的ＣＴ征角。结果;结节型ＢＡＣ主要表现为：肺外周（９５．７％）,分叶（６９．６％）,空泡征或细支气管气象（６５．２％）,密度不均（６５．２％）,胸膜牵引（６０．９％）和毛玻璃影（５２．２％）;     

Clubfoot analysis with three-dimensional foot models

The purpose of this study was to develop a method of defining, in mathematical terms, the interpositional relationships of the bones of the hindfoot complex in the idiopathic clubfoot and the neurogenic clubfoot. The neurogenic clubfoot and contralateral normal-appearing foot of a stillborn infant with myelomeningocele, and the normal foot of a 10-year-old were sectioned with a cryomicrotome. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the clubfoot and the normal foot of a 3-month-old boy were obtained. Using a computer program, three-dimensional foot models were generated from the digitized cryomicrotome sections and from the MRIs. The central principal axes were determined for the talus and calcaneus. The long central principal axes of the talus and calcaneus were neutrally rotated with reference to the bimalleolar axis in the idiopathic clubfoot while in the neurogenic clubfoot the long central principal axis of the talus was medially rotated 52 degrees and that of the calcaneus 10 degrees. The talocalcaneal angles defined by the long central principal axes in the superior and medial views were 0 degree and 10 degrees, respectively, in the idiopathic clubfoot, and 42 degrees and 56 degrees, respectively, in the neurogenic clubfoot.