低钙血症引起顽固性腹泻一例

患者女,73岁,因反复腹泻、抽搐2个月余,于2005年11月25日收入我院内分泌科。该患者2005年9月因甲状腺微灶癌在外院行左甲状腺切除术,术后数天出现反复腹泻,夜间明显,每天6～8次,最多10余次,每次大便量少、色黄,性质不定,或成形、或糊状、或稀薄,不伴腹痛；伴有气急、抽搐。在外院诊断为甲状腺癌术后、甲状腺功能减退,     

心脏再同步治疗研究进展

在全世界心脏科同仁的不懈努力下,心脏再同步治疗(CRT)研究取得长足进步.2009年发表的CRT研究论文无论在数量上还是在质量上都是历年来最高的.一些临床试验样本量大、设计严谨、分析可靠,为临床上一些重要的问题的解决提供有力证据.另外有些研究虽然样本量小,但思路创新性十足,探讨的问题异常新颖,同样非常精彩.本文对2009年CRT研究进展作一回顾.     

长期右室心尖部起搏患者起搏QRS波时限与左心结构和功能的关系

目的探讨长期右室心尖起搏患者的起搏QRS时限与左心结构、左心室收缩功能及心室间不同步的关系。方法70例长期右室心尖部起搏患者中,通过常规体表心电图测得起搏ORS (pQRS)时限,采用常规心脏超声测得主动脉根部内径(AO)、左房内径(LAD)、收缩末期左心室内径(LVDs)、舒张末期左心室内径(LVDd)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、左室射血分数(LVEF)及心室间机械延迟时间(IVMD),分析pORS时限与以上各心脏超声指标的关系。结果①pORS时限与INDd(r=0．316 6)、LVDs(r =0.374 1)及IVST(r=0．292 5)呈显著正相关(P值分别<0．01、0．05),与LVEF呈显著负相关(r=-0．303 7,P<0．05)。②pORS时限与LAD呈显著正相关(r=0．5848,P<0．01)。以pQRS时限≥180 ms诊断左房扩大,敏感度和特异度分别为85．71％和66．67％。③pQRS时限与IVMD不相关(P> 0．05)。结论pQRS时限与左心大小及左心室收缩功能相关。对于长期右室心尖部起搏的患者,pQRS时限是一个简便而实用的协助判定心脏结构和功能的指标。pQRS时限≥180 ms,提示左心房扩大,但与心室间不同步无关。     

经导管二尖瓣缘对缘修复：当前认识与策略原则

治疗二尖瓣反流(mitral regurgitation,MR)的经导管缘对缘修复技术(transcatheter edge-to-edge repair,TEER)称为M-TEER。其具有靶点精确、植入物少;原理简单,容易经导管实现;医学原理可靠,以不变应万变的优势;并且TEER相对于外科缘对缘修复(surgical edge-to-edge repair, SEER)更有术中实时评估疗效和血流动力学的优势。对于退行性二尖瓣反流患者,M-TEER应该追求更完美的手术效果,使M-TEER术后即刻MR 0～1⁺,而对于功能性二尖瓣反流,M-TEER允许中度残余分流或者轻度压差,不影响患者预后并且降低并发症几率。     

心尖球形综合征1例报告

急诊就诊的心电图示ST段上抬胸痛患者可诊断为急性心肌梗死,按照2004年美国心脏病学会（ACC）和美国心脏协会（AHA）联合发布的关于ST段：抬高型急性心肌梗死治疗指南推荐意见,应该尽快进行再灌注治疗,根据条件选择溶栓或者急诊经皮冠脉成形术。有时,为了争取再灌注时间,不等待心肌损伤标志物的结果,这样误诊难以避免,心尖球形综合征（apical ballooningsyndrome）就是其中一种,其临床表现可以酷似急性ST段抬高的心肌梗死。     

房室同步性对血浆氨基末端脑钠素前体水平的影响

目的探讨缓慢心律失常和房室同步性对血浆氨基末端脑钠素前体(NT-proBNP)水平的影响。方法将120例无明确结构性心脏疾病患者按缓慢心律失常情况分为三组:A组为病窦综合征组(n=52),B组为Ⅱ度房室传导阻滞(AVB)组(n=29),C组为Ⅲ度AVB组(n=39)。另选42例无明确结构性心脏疾病、无心律失常者为D组。测定各组术前及术后第2天血浆NT-proBNP水平,分析血浆NT-proBNP水平及其与房室同步性、年龄、性别、体重指数、QRS波时限、左房内径(LAD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、高血压和糖尿病的关系。结果在校正年龄后,A、B、C和D组血浆lg(NT-proBNP)水平分别为2.175±0.391,2.574±0.476,2.903±0.635和1.869±0.333 ng/L。血浆NT-proBNP水平:A、D组0.10)。在置入心脏起搏器后,房室同步性改善患者的NT-proBNP水平术后较术前降低(2.37±0.43 ng/L vs 2.73±0.53 ng/L,P<0.01),房室同步性不变的患者术后与术前无差异(P>0.05),而房室同步性恶化的患者较术前升高(2.61±0.57 ng/L vs 2.38±0.61 ng/L,P<0.05)。多元回归显示,房室同步性的改变情况是血浆NT-proBNP水平变化值的独立影响因素(P<0.001)。结论缓慢心律失常患者随房室失同步加重,血浆NT-proBNP水平依次升高,房室失同步可导致NT-proBNP升高。     

心房颤动对不同心功能分级的患者血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

Objective To assess the effect of atrial fibriUation (AF) on plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with different cardiac functions. Methods One hundred and ninty-one patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were divided into two groups: minor CHF group (NYHA Ⅰ/Ⅱ class) and sever CHF group (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class). In addition,84 patients without HF (non-HF group) were enrolled as control The plas-ma NT-proBNP were assayed and the effect of AF on the NT-proBNP levels was analyzed to determine inde-pendent of NT-proBNP levels in 3 groups. Results Patients with AF in non-HF had higher NT-proBNP levels than those with sinus rhythm (SR) [(2.95 ±0.41) vs (2.21±0.44) ng/L, P < 0.01], and multi-variables regression demonstrated that age, AF and left atrial diameter (LAD) were independent determinants of NT-proBNP levels (P <0.001). NT-proBNP levels in minor CHF were also higher in patients with AF than that in patients with SR [(3.26±0.40) ng/L vs (2.98±0.54) ng/L, P < 0.05] ; AF, LAD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left vontric-ular eject fraction (LVEF) were the independent factors of NT-proBNP levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference of NT-proBNP levels between patients with AF and patients with SR [(3.59±0.52) ng/L vs (3.56±0.55) ng/L,P =0.73] ; while age and LVEF were in-dependent factors (P < 0.05). In patients with LVEF < 0.40, AF had not significant affect on NT-proBNP lev-els [AF vs SR: (3.70±0.60) ng/L vs (3.46±0.56) ng/L,P >0.10]; however,AF patients with LVEF≥ 0.40, NT-proBNP levels were increased [AF vs SR: (3.08 ±0.57) ng/L vs (2.67±0.73) ng/L, P < 0.001]. Conclusion The effect of AF on plasma NT-proBNP was related with cardiac functions: in AF pa-tients without or with minor cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅰ /Ⅱ class or LVEF≥0.40) ,NT-proBNP increased; in AF patients with sever cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class or LVEF < 0.40), NT-proBNP had no sig-nificant changes.     

心房颤动对不同心功能分级的患者血浆脑钠肽水平的影响

Objective To assess the effect of atrial fibriUation (AF) on plasma levels of NT-proBNP in patients with different cardiac functions. Methods One hundred and ninty-one patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were divided into two groups: minor CHF group (NYHA Ⅰ/Ⅱ class) and sever CHF group (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class). In addition,84 patients without HF (non-HF group) were enrolled as control The plas-ma NT-proBNP were assayed and the effect of AF on the NT-proBNP levels was analyzed to determine inde-pendent of NT-proBNP levels in 3 groups. Results Patients with AF in non-HF had higher NT-proBNP levels than those with sinus rhythm (SR) [(2.95 ±0.41) vs (2.21±0.44) ng/L, P < 0.01], and multi-variables regression demonstrated that age, AF and left atrial diameter (LAD) were independent determinants of NT-proBNP levels (P <0.001). NT-proBNP levels in minor CHF were also higher in patients with AF than that in patients with SR [(3.26±0.40) ng/L vs (2.98±0.54) ng/L, P < 0.05] ; AF, LAD, left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left vontric-ular eject fraction (LVEF) were the independent factors of NT-proBNP levels (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference of NT-proBNP levels between patients with AF and patients with SR [(3.59±0.52) ng/L vs (3.56±0.55) ng/L,P =0.73] ; while age and LVEF were in-dependent factors (P < 0.05). In patients with LVEF < 0.40, AF had not significant affect on NT-proBNP lev-els [AF vs SR: (3.70±0.60) ng/L vs (3.46±0.56) ng/L,P >0.10]; however,AF patients with LVEF≥ 0.40, NT-proBNP levels were increased [AF vs SR: (3.08 ±0.57) ng/L vs (2.67±0.73) ng/L, P < 0.001]. Conclusion The effect of AF on plasma NT-proBNP was related with cardiac functions: in AF pa-tients without or with minor cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅰ /Ⅱ class or LVEF≥0.40) ,NT-proBNP increased; in AF patients with sever cardiac dysfunction (NYHA Ⅲ/Ⅳ class or LVEF < 0.40), NT-proBNP had no sig-nificant changes.     

1例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者行经导管主动脉瓣置换术的护理

经导管主动脉瓣置换术具有微创、中远期疗效良好等优势,适合治疗高危或有外科手术禁忌证的主动脉狭窄患者。该文总结1例在体外膜肺氧合（extracorporeal membrane oxygenation,ECMO）辅助下进行经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗的重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者的护理,护理要点包括：病情监测和预评估、ECMO的转运交接、并发症的观察与护理、康复指导。经过18 d的积极治疗和精心护理,患者病情稳定出院,电话随访1年,状况良好。     

超声心动图在经导管主动脉瓣置换术前评估与术后随访中的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图在评估经导管主动脉瓣置换（TAVR）术前与术后心脏结构和功能改变中的应用价值。 方法回顾性选取2014年9月至2019年7月在复旦大学附属中山医院心内科行TAVR的重度主动脉瓣狭窄（SAS）患者47例。所有患者均于术前及术后6个月行经胸超声心动图检查并记录常规超声心动图参数和主动脉瓣相关参数,包括左心室收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、后壁厚度（PWT）、肺动脉收缩压（PASP）、主动脉瓣最大跨瓣压差（AVPGmax）、主动脉瓣平均跨瓣压差（AVPGmean）、主动脉瓣有效瓣口面积（AVA）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、主动脉根部内径（AORD）、左心房内径（LAD）,分析TAVR术前与术后的超声心动图参数变化。 结果与术前相比,术后47例患者的LVESD、IVST、PWT、PASP、AVPGmax、AVPGmean均明显减小,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;AVA和LVEF均明显变大,差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）。术后合并二尖瓣反流中度及以上或三尖瓣反流中度及以上的患者较术前明显减少（8例vs 3例,7例vs 2例）。 结论TAVR可纠正主动脉瓣狭窄,改善患者心功能。超声心动图相关参数有助于TAVR术后人工瓣膜及患者心脏结构功能的随访评估。