Na+掺杂对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构和电化学性质的影响

采用高温固相法成功制备了不同Na+掺杂浓度的Li_1-xNa_xNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂锂离子电池正极材料,探究了Na元素掺杂对层状氧化物正极材料结构以及电化学性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的结构和形貌,结果表明,当x≤0.3时,样品不会出现其它杂相;当x＞0.3时,样品中会出现NaNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的杂相。同时随着掺杂浓度的增加,样品的阳离子混排度逐渐增加。电化学性能结果表明,少量Na+的掺入可以提高LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂在0.2C,0.5C下的放电比容量并增强其循环稳定性,但会损坏材料的倍率性能。     

吸油烟机在高管道阻力下的性能模拟研究

为解决吸油烟机在高管道阻力的情况下,基于FLUENT稳态算法计算无法收敛且模拟值与实际值误差较大的问题,提出了在仿真模型出口域建立减压筒模型,通过调节减压筒出口处面积来施加管道阻力,重点研究了吸油烟机在高管道阻力下气动性能、噪声和吸烟效果的模拟数据与实测数据的差异.研究结果表明,仿真模型的优化对吸油烟机在高管道阻力下的性能仿真数据具有很大的修正性,气动性能模拟误差值能保持在7％以内,噪声模拟误差值在10％左右,吸烟效果模拟与实际测试有较高的匹配度.研究结果对吸油烟机仿真平台的搭建及性能优化提升具有指导意义.     

线板型静电除尘器的电场、流场与颗粒浓度分布的数值模拟

为了深入研究颗粒在静电除尘器内的传输行为,采用开源软件OpenFOAM计算了Maxwell方程组、连续方程、动量方程、颗粒荷电和输运方程,分析线板型静电除尘器内电场、流场和颗粒浓度分布的特点.结果 表明,电势、流场和收尘效率的预测值与实验数据符合良好.在线板型静电除尘器内,电势和电荷密度以电晕线为中心呈对称分布,流场和颗粒浓度场以电晕线连线为对称轴基本呈对称分布.静电除尘器的收尘率随板间距的增加而减小,随电晕线间距的增加先增加后减小.当表示电场力与惯性力之比的无量纲准数MEHD和表示惯性力与黏性力之比的雷诺数Re的平方之比NEHD/Re2＜ 1.31×10-8时,静电除尘器内漩涡几乎消失,一次流占主导地位.当NEHD/Re2＞3.35×10-6时,静电除尘器内流场出现多个大尺度漩涡,电子风占主导地位.当NEHD/Re2＞ 3.35×10-6或NEHD/Re2 ＜3.35×10-8时,大涡模拟和k-ε湍流模型预测的收尘效率相同;当1.31×10-8＜NEHD/Re2＜3.35×10-6之间时,大涡模拟和k-ε湍流模型预测的收尘效率存在较大差异.     

采用VSG策略的MMC阻抗建模及并网稳定性分析

随着分布式能源并网的增多,局部电网逐渐呈现出弱电网特性,虚拟同步发电机（VSG）控制由于可以模拟同步发电机的特性,能够为弱电网提供惯性和阻尼支撑。本文采用谐波线性化方法对采用VSG控制策略的模块化多电平换流器(MMC)进行阻抗建模。所得到的阻抗模型在低频段主要呈容性,在高频段主要呈感性,在复杂电力系统中,可能会与电网阻抗存在谐振点。分析了VSG主要控制参数对MMC阻抗的影响,发现有功-频率下垂系数、阻尼系数和虚拟转动惯量主要影响50Hz附近的阻抗。根据阻抗稳定性判据对MMC并网系统进行稳定性分析,发现并网系统在高频段有振荡的风险。     

基于信息间隙决策理论的储能电站鲁棒优化配置

储能电站在转移电力需求、平抑可再生能源和负荷波动等方面发挥着重要的作用,储能电站容量优化配置是其在规划建设过程中所需要解决的关键问题。文中提出一种基于信息间隙决策理论（IGDT）的双层鲁棒优化配置模型,为解决系统在运行过程中的不确定参数带来的负面影响,模型下层搭建以经济性为目标的储能电站日前鲁棒优化运行模型;模型上层引入IGDT将经济性和鲁棒性相结合,在一定的预期目标下最大化系统能够承受的波动性,使用Benders分解法求解模型,并以IEEE 33节点配电网系统验证方案有效性,结果表明所提方案可以兼顾经济性与鲁棒性,为储能规划提供参考依据。     

A Dual Physical Cross-Linking Strategy to Construct Tough Hydrogels with High Strength,Excellent Fatigue Resistance,and Stretching-Induced Strengthening Effect

Hydrogels with excellent stiffness, toughness, anti-fatigue, and self-recovery properties are regarded as promising water-containing materials. In this work, a dual physically cross-linked (DPC) sodium alginate (SA)/poly[acrylamide (AAm)-acrylic acid (AAc)-octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)]-Fe³⁺ hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by hydrophobic association (HA) and ionic coordination (IC). The optimal DPC hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical performance: tensile modulus of 0.65 MPa, tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation at break of 1547%, and toughness of 27.8 MJ m^–3. SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels also exhibit prominent anti-fatigue and self-recovery performance (99.1–109.7% modulus recovery and 90.4–108.9% dissipated energy recovery after resting for 5 min without additional stimuli at ambient temperature) through the reconstruction of reversible physical cross-linking. Some of the SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels even exhibit a stretching-induced strengthening effect, which is similar to the performance of muscle—“the more training, the more strength.” Hence, the combination of HA and IC will provide an effective approach to design DPC hydrogels with desirable mechanical performances and a longer service life for wider applications of soft materials.     

Preparation of Iron Filler-Based Photocomposites and Application in 3D Printing

The introduction of metallic fillers to polymers via the photopolymerization approach can endow the composite materials with some unique properties, but the relevant research is still scarce due to the issue of light penetration and inner filter effect. Herein, for the first time the fabrication of photocomposites based on fine iron powder (i.e., a typical kind of metallic filler) is reported in this work. The free radical polymerization of two different acrylate monomers, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and trimethylolpropane triacrylate, is performed in the presence of iron filler under mild conditions (i.e., light emitting diode (LED)@405 nm irradiation at room temperature under air). And the real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals remarkable photopolymerization kinetics of acrylates with high final conversions and fast polymerization rates despite the increasing contents of iron filler in the composites. Interestingly, the 3D printing technique is applied to the iron filler-based composites to produce tridimensional patterns with excellent spatial resolution. This work not only paves the way for the investigation of photocomposites based on metallic fillers through photochemical methods, but also broadens the potential application prospects.     

铈基SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

近年来铈（Ce）基脱硝催化剂成为低温脱硝领域的研究热点,按载体类型可分为金属氧化物催化剂、二氧化钛载体催化剂、分子筛载体催化剂、活性炭及氧化铝载体催化剂等。按催化剂种类分别介绍了掺杂改性、制备工艺、反应条件等对催化剂性能的影响,并阐述了可能的原因机理。目前,铈基催化剂大多处于实验室阶段,工业化应用尚存在问题,尤其作为低温脱硝催化剂,活性中心堵塞问题更加突出,并且催化剂成本较高。未来可从催化剂制备工艺入手解决催化剂成型问题,以实现工业应用。同时探讨催化剂中毒机理,进一步提升其抗中毒能力。另外,寻求适宜的材料与铈掺杂组合,达到高效脱硝和经济效益最大化。     

胀断连杆用高碳微合金钢连铸大方坯的铸态组织

胀断连杆是汽车精密传动用高端产品,需具高强高韧和裂解加工脆性解理断裂特性。连铸化生产高碳易切削胀断连杆用微合金非调质钢是当前的发展方向。基于大方坯连铸生产典型工艺及其铸态组织、成分均匀性分析,研究了胀断连杆加工过程常见断口形貌不合的钢坯遗传性因素。以常用德系C70S6钢为例,采用250 mm×280 mm断面弧形连铸机,解析其在一定结晶器电磁搅拌条件下所浇铸大方坯的铸态低倍结构和枝晶形貌,并分析其不同晶区的成分分布特点。结果表明,当前连铸条件下大方坯中心缩孔和后续热轧棒材探伤合格率可控,但铸坯初凝坯壳凝固前沿发生明显的C、S负偏析白亮带区及其柱状晶偏转现象。金相试样图像分析和相场法凝固模拟表明,铸坯中柱状晶具有逆流生长特征,其偏转角是一次枝晶尖端向旋流方向逆向生长的结果。自铸坯角部至宽、窄面中心,实测柱状晶区的一次枝晶偏转角约在?7°到27°之间。利用X射线能谱分析（EDS）进一步检测了钢中主要合金元素Si、Mn、Mo在铸坯不同晶区的分布,揭示了其铸态偏析特征与差异性。据此,探讨了这种铸态组织和成分偏析对后续热轧棒材和连杆成品组织的遗传性,以及对其胀断加工断口不合的影响,可为源头铸态质量的控制提供依据。      

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.