浅谈施工阶段的工程造价管理

就施工单位如何把工程造价的发生控制在合理的范围和核定的造价限额以内，从工程承包实行招投标制、缩短工期、重视现场签证和索赔工作等方面进行了阐述，以达到节约投资，提高经济效益目的。     

Fabrication of composite wire of lead coated on glass fiber by extrusion

1　INTRODUCTIONCoatingglassfiberwithleadproducesakindofnewcontinuouscomposite ,whichcanfindwideap plicationsinmanydifferentfields ,especiallyinthebatteryoftheEVsandHEVsthathasalreadybecomethemostimportantgoalinmostcountries[13] .Withakindofspecialtechnologythiskindofnewcompos itewirecanbeusedtoproducegridsofnewleadacidbatterythatisveryusefultotheEVsandHEVs .Thiskindofnewleadacidbatteryhasmanyadvan tages ,suchashigherspecificenergy ,lessinnerresis tance ,morequicklychargingcapabilityand…     

The role of the surface free energy in the selection of a suitable excipient in the course of a wet-granulation method

Pellets containing metronidazole were produced in a centrifugal granulator, with hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel LF®) as binding agent, and corn starch, microcrystalline cellulose (Vivapur 101®) and lactose as excipients. The wettability of the pharmaceutical powders was assessed by means of contact angle measurements, and the dispersive and polar surface energies were determined. The spreading coefficients, the work of adhesion and the work of cohesion were calculated and correlated with the pellet properties (friability, bulk and tapped density, and porosity). The aim was to investigate the role of the surface free energy of one- and two-component powder compositions in pellet production. The interactions between the particles were found to be connected with the measured pellet parameters. It was concluded that, in the course of the growth of the pellets, the particle sizes of the pharmaceutical powders and the interactions between them are important. If the work of cohesion of the binder is lower than the work of cohesion of the substrate and the work of adhesion, then the optimal amount of the binding agent is that which coats the particles uniformly in minimal quantity and in continuous layer.     

精确一维搜索下几种共轭梯度法的分析比较

共轭梯度法是求解无约束非线性规划问题的一种重要方法．针对的几种计算公式。通过几个典型计算实例,对精确一维搜索下所述几种熊的几种计算公式所决定的算法的收敛效果进行比较,分析了它们的数值计算过程、收敛速度及全局收敛性的优劣．     

希尔兹曲线统一表达式及其在唐家山堰塞湖下游河道冲刷防治中的应用

在研究地震堰塞湖泄洪导致的下游河道冲刷问题时,所涉及的一个最基本的问题就是泥沙颗粒起动的问题.在泥沙起动切应力的研究中,希尔兹曲线无疑是一个经典并且已经被水利工作者广泛使用.但是由于希尔兹关系曲线中,纵、横坐标都包含摩阻流速,因而实际应用中会很不方便.主要是要建立一个希尔兹曲线的确切表达式,以便解决希尔兹曲线使用困难的问题.表达式是通过一个经验公式的形式给出的,公式首先要求足连续函数,在大小沙粒雷诺数情况下其能自动简化为传统公式,且在整个沙粒雷诺数变化范围内其能够与实验数据吻合,作者模型与其它已存模型比较结果显示作者模型具有最好的精度.最后将作者模型应用于唐家山堰塞湖下游河道冲刷防治中.     

Furfural Oxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide Over ZSM-5 Based Micro-Mesoporous Aluminosilicates

Micro-mesoporous aluminosilicates based on ZSM-5 zeolite, obtained by a dual template method, as well as in the presence of a dual-functional template (i.e. a Gemini-type surfactant), were tested in the oxidation of furfural with hydrogen peroxide. Even substantial changes in acidity and porosity of the catalysts result in minor variations of selectivity towards the desired products. Application of the synthesized zeolite-based materials in the oxidation of furfural with hydrogen peroxide leads to formation of 2(5H)-furanone (yield up to 28.5%) and succinic acid (up to 19.5%) as the main C4 reaction products. The kinetic model developed previously to treat the results for oxidation of furfural over sulfated zirconia was able to describe the data also for micro-mesoporous aluminosilicates.

Graphical Abstract

     

氧化胺型清洁压裂液的制备及室内评价

以油酸酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺、过氧化氢为原料制备出油酸酰胺丙基二甲基氧化叔胺(OADO)稠化剂.研究了冰乙酸、氯化铵添加量对OADO稠化性能的影响,检测了压裂液的耐温性、耐剪切性、悬砂性、耐酸碱性和破胶性.结果表明,m(氯化铵)∶m(冰乙酸)∶m(OADO)∶m(水)为0.5∶1∶1.5∶100时,压裂液pH值为6.0,粘度可达到82mPa·s,70℃时可有效悬砂,剪切60min后粘度仍大于25mPa·s,当压裂液中煤油含量大于0.8%时,120min内可完全破胶.     

全动床复式河槽水流阻力特性的试验研究

当水流漫滩后,由于滩槽间存在着强烈的动量交换,复式河槽在过流能力、泥沙输移、流速分布等许多方面不同于单一河道。通过水槽试验,探讨了清水作用下,由非均匀沙构筑而成的全动床复式河槽完全粗化后的水流阻力变化特性,包括水流能量损失、曼宁系数、谢才系数与达西-韦斯巴赫阻力系数等沿程变化。试验结果表明,对于清水作用下的全动床河道很难获得均匀流。断面平均流速沿程变化,单位重量水体经过单位长度而损失的能量将沿程改变。对于该类河道,在给定的水流条件下,阻力系数不再保持为常数,而是沿程变化的。这些特性表明全动床复式水槽水流阻力远比定床的复杂,要准确预测该类河道的过流能力及泥沙输移能力远比定床的困难。     

Mechanically activated disproportionation of NdFeB alloy by ball milling in hydrogen

1　INTRODUCTIONSincethediscoveryoftheuniaxialNd2 Fe14 Bcompoundin 1983[1,2 ] ,theNdFeBalloyshavebeenwidelyusedforpermanentmagnetapplicationsowingtotheirexcellentmagneticproperties ,suchashighcoercivity ,high energy products[3,4 ] .Intheserareearthpermanentmagnets ,afurtherexcitingrecentdevelopmentisthesuggestionofnano compositeex changemagnetscombiningthelargecoercivitiesinhardmagnetswithlargeinductionsfoundinsoftertransitionmetalmagnets[5,6 ] .Indeed ,thenano com positemagnetshavebeent…     

影响黄土丘陵区次降水泥沙输移比的水文要素

以桥沟小流域为研究对象,利用该流域不同地貌部位的野外径流场及沟道水文站网观测资料,计算了不同场次降水的泥沙输移比,较为系统地研究了影响桥沟流域次降水泥沙输移比的水文要素。结果表明:土壤前期含水量、流域的降水过程特征、洪峰流量、径流量、水流含沙量是影响次降水泥沙输移比的主要水文要素;提出了表示降水、径流、泥沙对泥沙输移比影响的表征参数,即降水峰现系数、径流侵蚀力和泥沙相对容重。