Identification of Tone Duration, Line Length, and Letter Position: An Experimental Approach to Timing and Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia.

Patients with schizophrenia display numerous cognitive deficits, including problems in working memory, time estimation, and absolute identification of stimuli. Research in these fields has traditionally been conducted independently. We examined these cognitive processes using tasks that are structurally similar and that yield rich error data. Relative to healthy control participants (n = 20), patients with schizophrenia (n = 20) were impaired on a duration identification task and a probed-recall memory task but not on a line-length identification task. These findings do not support the notion of a global impairment in absolute identification in schizophrenia. However, the authors suggest that some aspect of temporal information processing is indeed disturbed in schizophrenia. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optical modes for BiNem® LCDs

Abstract— We report on theoretical simulations and measurements of the optics of BiNem® displays, taking into account not only the luminance at normal incidence, but contrast ratio and color shift over the viewing hemisphere as well. Transmissive and reflective BiNem® modes were optimized differently, emphasizing contrast in transmission and paperlike, white appearance in reflection.     

Energetic ion loss detector on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

A scintillator-based energetic ion loss detector has been successfully commissioned on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak. This probe is located just below the outer midplane, where it captures ions of energies up to 2 MeV resulting from ion cyclotron resonance heating. After passing through a collimating aperture, ions impact different regions of the scintillator according to their gyroradius (energy) and pitch angle. The probe geometry and installation location are determined based on modeling of expected lost ions. The resulting probe is compact and resembles a standard plasma facing tile. Four separate fiber optic cables view different regions of the scintillator to provide phase space resolution. Evolving loss levels are measured during ion cyclotron resonance heating, including variation dependent upon individual antennae.     

A new weighting function for solving nonlinear oscillation problems

A new approximation technique is presented for solving nonlinear oscillation problems. A solution of form x = x₀ sin ωt is assumed and put into the differential equation, which leads to an algebraic equation which can be solved for ω in terms of x₀. The new technique is to reduce the algebraic equation to an identity at ωt = π/3. This method is compared with other common approximation techniques and with the exact solution for several nonlinear problems. Overall, the new method works better than any other approximation technique. In addition, it has the very practical advantage of being purely algebraic; no integrals need be evaluated, as in several other methods.     

Lagrangian-based Hydrodynamic Model for Traffic Data Fusion on Freeways

This paper conducts a comprehensive study of the Lagrangian-based hydrodynamic model with application to highway state estimation. Our analysis is motivated by the practical problems of freeway traffic monitoring and estimation using multi-source data measured from mobile devices and fixed sensors. We conduct rigorous mathematical analysis on the Hamilton-Jacobi representation of the Lighthill-Whitham-Richards model in the transformed coordinates, and derive explicit and closed-form solutions with piecewise affine initial, boundary, and internal conditions, based on the variational principle. A numerical study of the Mobile Century field experiment demonstrates some unique features and the effectiveness in traffic estimation of the Lagrangian-based model.     

Development and comparison of loop-mediated isothermal amplification and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of Mycoplasma bovis in milk

Bovine mastitis is an economic burden for dairies worldwide. Mycoplasma species, and especially Mycoplasma bovis, are among the most important causative agents, and rapid, precise, and low-cost methods for Mycoplasma detection are urgently needed. For this purpose, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were developed and compared. The LAMP assay was designed and primer concentrations optimized to M. bovis oppD, encoding oligopeptide permease D. For qPCR, a Taqman assay (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) targeting M. bovis gltX, encoding glutamate transfer RNA ligase, was optimized for primer concentration, annealing temperature, and DNA polymerase. Both assays were similarly sensitive, with a detection limit of approximately 10⁴ to 10⁵ M. bovis cells/mL. Both assays were also successful in confirming M. bovis identity in laboratory culture suspensions and in bovine milk. The LAMP and qPCR assays combined with the MoBio DNA extraction kit (MoBio Laboratories Inc., Carlsbad, CA) resulted in the correct detection of 13 out of 13 M. bovis isolates and 14 out of 16 M. bovis-positive milk samples collected from commercial dairies in California. When combined with the PrepMan Ultra reagent (Applied Biosystems), the qPCR assay resulted in confirming 21 out of 21 M. bovis-positive milk samples. Comparison of the assays to milk containing either Mycoplasma arginini, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma californicum, M. alkalescens, or Acholeplasma laidlawii or milk lacking any detectable Mycoplasma species or relatives resulted in 3 out of 17 (LAMP with MoBio), 1 out of 17 (qPCR with MoBio), and 2 out of 36 (qPCR with PrepMan Ultra) false positives. Overall, the qPCR assay was more robust than LAMP and could be used on DNA recovered from milk prepared with the PrepMan Ultra reagent, a method that does not include a DNA purification step. The use of this qPCR method enables M. bovis detection in bovine milk in 40 to 55 min, and therefore provides new opportunities to accelerate and simplify M. bovis detection in unpasteurized milk to reduce the incidence of M. bovis mastitis outbreaks.     

Comparing GC–MS,HPLC and H NMR analysis of beef longissimus dorsi tissue extracts to determine the effect of suspension technique and ageing

Beef longissimus dorsi muscle samples matured over a 21 day period were analysed using three different analytical techniques; ¹H NMR, GC–MS and HPLC. The data from the three experimental techniques were correlated with each other to determine if the results were statistically similar to each other. From our analysis we determined that the metabolites measured using ¹H NMR were statistically similar to the compounds quantified using the chromatography techniques (p < 0.001). In addition, using PCA, we were able to show that different metabolites, measured using the various analytical techniques produced very similar scores and loadings plots for all the analysis and extraction techniques undertaken across the 21 day time domain. Using a combination of these three different techniques provides a unique and holistic insight into the biochemistry behind the conversion of muscle to meat which would not be possible using any single technique alone.