基于EEMD和BPNN的动态误差溯源研究

针对动态测试系统在测试过程中存在误差导致精度损失的问题,提出了一种基于集合经验模态分解和BP神经网络的动态误差溯源方法.该方法在全系统动态精度理论的基础上,首先通过EEMD对动态测试系统输出总误差进行分解,对分解得到的单项误差进行希尔伯特变换,分析误差信号的幅频特性,然后采用BP神经网络拟合溯源.通过仿真分析,结果表明该方法可以有效地追溯到动态测试系统中误差产生的模块,并且偏差精度达到10-2,比经验模态分解的方法溯源效果更好,避免了EMD存在的模态混叠等问题,具有可行性和应用性.     

基于DBSCAN-FPN的输电线路螺栓缺销检测方法

螺栓作为输电线路上数量最大的紧固件,其缺陷检测是输电线路巡检工作中的一项重要内容。针对螺栓缺销为小目标,其定位困难、特征难提取的问题,提出一种基于DBSCAN算法与FPN模型相结合的螺栓缺销检测方法。首先,利用FPN模型定位螺栓缺销目标区域,同时基于DBSCAN聚类算法对具有相同形态结构的区域进行聚类;然后,改进FPN模型：基于螺栓先验知识,利用卷积网络实现自底向上的特征提取,采用双线性插值方法将特征的高层语义信息自顶向下地传递到各个层级,通过卷积滤波方法横向加强高层语义特征与高分辨率特征的融合信息,获得更优化的螺栓缺销特征表达;利用改进FPN模型实现螺栓缺销的初步检测;最后,采用DBSCAN聚类算法对初步检测结果进行误检甄别,实现了螺栓缺销的精确检测。实验结果表明,DBSCAN-FPN在自建数据集上的检测精度达到76.23%,检测效果优于FPN、R-FCN和Faster R-CNN。所提方法可以有效提高螺栓缺销检测精度,对输电线路运维有实际意义。     

基于混合型Chopper电路的MMC-UPFC故障渡越方案

当交流系统发生短路时,基于模块化多电平控制器的统一潮流控制器(MMC-UPFC)串、并联侧MMC均会受到故障冲击,存在两侧换流器过流闭锁,MMC-UPFC完全退出运行的风险.对此,以交流系统发生最严重的三相短路故障为例,分析了MMC-UPFC串、并联侧MMC故障特性;在此基础上,借鉴风电场交流故障渡越的Chopper电路,并结合MMC-UPFC不同运行方式对故障特性的影响,提出了基于混合型Chopper电路的MMC-UPFC故障渡越方案.该方案能够在交流系统发生故障后隔离并联侧MMC与串联侧MMC之间的联系,从而抑制串联侧馈入并联侧MMC的故障电流.仿真结果表明在MMC-UPFC的不同运行方式下,所提方案均能避免故障后并联侧MMC闭锁,MMC-UPFC将切换至静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)工作模式,为交流系统提供无功功率支撑.     

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) and Abscisic Acid-, Stress-, and Ripening-Induced (ASR) Gene Superfamily from Canavalia rosea and Their Roles in Salinity/Alkaline and Drought Tolerance

Canavalia rosea (bay bean), distributing in coastal areas or islands in tropical and subtropical regions, is an extremophile halophyte with good adaptability to seawater and drought. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins typically accumulate in response to various abiotic stresses, including dehydration, salinity, high temperature, and cold, or during the late stage of seed development. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are stress and developmentally regulated plant-specific genes. In this study, we reported the first comprehensive survey of the LEA and ASR gene superfamily in C. rosea. A total of 84 CrLEAs and three CrASRs were identified in C. rosea and classified into nine groups. All CrLEAs and CrASRs harbored the conserved motif for their family proteins. Our results revealed that the CrLEA genes were widely distributed in different chromosomes, and all of the CrLEA/CrASR genes showed wide expression features in different tissues in C. rosea plants. Additionally, we introduced 10 genes from different groups into yeast to assess the functions of the CrLEAs/CrASRs. These results contribute to our understanding of LEA/ASR genes from halophytes and provide robust candidate genes for functional investigations in plant species adapted to extreme environments.     

基于SiC器件的三电平半桥单电感均压电路

针对辅助变流器中充电机输入端支撑电容电压不均衡导致变压器出现磁饱和的问题,研究一种基于Si C MOSFET器件的单电感均压电路。对单电感均压电路的4种工作模态进行分析,通过两个开关管的互补导通,利用电感实现能量在支撑电容之间的重新分配,可实现支撑电容电压的均衡。对单电感均压电路的3种典型开关状态类型进行分析,并根据其开关状态类型计算单电感均压电路电感选取范围。仿真和小功率实验结果表明单电感均压电路具有较强的均压能力。     

Hygroresponsive Torsional Yarns and Actuators Based on Cascade Amplification of the Deformation

Fiber-based hygroresponsive torsional actuators provide desirable merits, such as light weight and shapeability, for developing smart systems to harvest energy from moisture which is a ubiquitous natural resource. A key challenge in this development is to realize moisture-triggered actuation combining large actuation and rapid responses. Here, a multiscale design strategy is explored to create high-performance hygroresponsive torsional actuators consisting of chitosan and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The superior actuation performance arises from the synergism of contributing factors at different scales, including 1) MWNCTs accelerate the water transport in primary twisted fibers (PTFs), fostering the rotation of PTFs upon moisture stimuli; 2) in situ-formed hierarchically-assembled twists realize cascade amplification of moisture-triggered actuation. Specifically, PTFs are self-twisted to generate secondary helical yarns, that are subsequently over-twisted to yield tertiary coiled yarn. The resultant yarn actuator can reach a maximum rotation speed of 11 400 rpm in 5 s, output gravitational potential energy of 2.4 J kg⁻¹ and gravitational potential power of 0.053 W kg⁻¹ during contraction. This work represents the first design of fiber-based actuators by virtue of moisture-triggered in situ formation of yarns. The established principles of multiscale design will enable high-performance fiber-based hygroresponsive actuators toward advanced intelligent textile and soft robotics.     

Boron Nitride Nanosheets Strengthened PVA/Borax Hydrogels with Highly Efficient Self-Healing and Rapid pH-Driven Shape Memory Effect

Self-healing hydrogels often possess poor mechanical properties which largely limits their applications in many fields. In this work, boron nitride nanosheets are introduced into a network of the poly(vinyl alcohol)/borax (PVA/borax) hydrogels to enhance the mechanical properties of the hydrogel without compromising the self-healing abilities. The obtained hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 0.410 ± 0.007 MPa, an elongation at break of 1712%, a Young's Modulus of 0.860 ± 0.023 MPa, and a toughness of 3.860 ± 0.075 MJ m⁻³. In addition, the self-healing efficiency of the hydrogels is higher than 90% within 10 min at room temperature. Benefiting from the excellent self-healing properties, the shapeability of the hydrogel fragments is observed using different molds. In addition, the hydrogels display rapid pH-driven shape memory effects and can recover to their original shape within 260 s. Overall, this work provides a new approach to hydrogels with integrated excellent mechanical properties, self-healing abilities, and rapid pH-driven shape memory effects.     

PPV Nanotube Sensor Arrays for Explosives Identification by Excitation Wavelength Regulation

The development of sensitive materials for standard and improvised explosives is greatly significant to homeland security. In this paper, the phosphotungstate (NaPT) doped polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) nanotube arrays (NTAs), with excellent optical response, chemical stability, and larger specific surface area, are successfully fabricated by means of the “precursor film” infiltration method. The efficient charge carriers' separation of PPV NTAs can be achieved by doping NaPT to realize the photoelectric detection of explosive vapors. In addition, the identification of six explosives, including ammonium nitrate (AN), dinitrotoluence (DNT), picric acid (PA), p-nitrotoluene (PNT), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), and trinitrotoluene (TNT), can also be realized through the fingerprint atlas. Moreover, the adsorption energy and excited oscillator intensity has also been employed to explain the interaction between NaPT doped PPV nanotube arrays and various explosive molecules. Obviously, the NaPT doped PPV developed has the potential to be used as an explosive sensor.