"I know you self-handicapped last exam": Gender differences in reactions to self-handicapping.

Past research has shown that self-handicapping involves the trade-off of ability-related attributional benefits for interpersonal costs. Study 1 examined whether perceiver or target sex moderates impressions of self-handicapping targets. Although target sex was not an important factor, female perceivers were consistently more critical of behavioral self-handicappers. Two additional studies replicated this gender difference with variations of the handicap. Study 3 examined the motives inferred by perceivers and found that women not only view self-handicappers as more unmotivated but also report greater suspicion of self-handicapping motives; furthermore, these differences in perceived motives mediated sex differences in reactions to self-handicappers. Implications for the effectiveness of self-handicapping as an impression management strategy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Two-dimensional analysis of the structure of human von Willebrand factor

Human von Willebrand factor (vWF) is synthesized as an extra large polymer; then, it is converted to lower molecular weight plasma multimers, originally composed of intact 225-kDa subunits, by a metalloproteinase. Proteolysis generates two fragments of 140-and 176-kDa, which originate from cleavage of peptide bond Tyr842-Met843 and which represent vWF residues 1-842 and 843-2050, respectively; a very small amount of 189-kDa fragment can also be found in normal plasma. We describe here a two-dimensional (2-D) method to analyze plasma vWF structure.     

Time Dependence of the Induced Charge in Closed Ended HP Ge Detectors

Starting from energy balance considerations, the time dependence of the induced charge in closed ended HPGe gamma detectors is numerically determined as a function of detectors geometry, applied voltage and coordinates of created e-h pairs. These data can support the choice of geometry and applied voltage for the optimal use of closed ended detectors.     

Methodological errors in marital and child treatment research.

Discusses common methodological errors in child and marital treatment research and presents suggestions to help investigators avoid such errors. The following areas are covered: selection of Ss and therapists, scope and source of dependent measures, treatment specification, experimental design, and data analysis and interpretation. Some of the most salient errors include (a) unsubstantiated diagnoses or client labels; (b) very few therapists per treatment condition; (c) restricted outcome criteria and the lack of reliable, valid dependent measures; (d) failure to provide treatment manuals and to check empirically whether the treatments were actually implemented; and (e) experimental designs that fail to address issues such as maturation, expectation, nonspecific relationship factors, and practical significance. (56 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Catalytic Dehydrogenation of o‐Alkylated or o‐Alkoxylated Iodoarenes with Concomitant Hydrogenolysis

Palladium‐catalyzed dehydrogenation of suitable chains bonded to an ortho position of an iodoarene has been achieved by two methods both involving oxidative addition of the iodoarene to palladium(0) and palladacycle formation under mild conditions.     

Anemia prevalence and risk factors in pregnant women in an urban area of Pakistan

BACKGROUND: Anemia affects almost two-thirds of pregnant women in developing countries and contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality and to low birthweight. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anemia and the dietary and socioeconomic factors associated with anemia in pregnant women living in an urban community setting in Hyderabad, Pakistan. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study of 1,369 pregnant women enrolled at 20 to 26 weeks of gestation and followed to 6 weeks postpartum. A blood sample was obtained at enrollment to determine hemoglobin levels. Information on nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and practice and dietary history regarding usual food intake before and during pregnancy were obtained by trained interviewers within 1 week of enrollment. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia (defined by the World Health Organization as hemoglobin < 11.0 g/dL) in these subjects was 90.5%; of these, 75.0% had mild anemia (hemoglobin from 9.0 to 10.9 g/dL) and 14.8% had moderate anemia (hemoglobin from 7.0 to 8.9 g/dL). Only 0.7% were severely anemic (hemoglobin < 7.0 g/ dL). Nonanemic women were significantly taller, weighed more, and had a higher body mass index. Multivariate analysis after adjustment for education, pregnancy history, iron supplementation, and height showed that drinking more than three cups of tea per day before pregnancy (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 8.0), consumption of clay or dirt during pregnancy (aPOR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 12.3), and never consuming eggs or consuming eggs less than twice a week during pregnancy (aPOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.5) were significantly associated with anemia. Consumption of red meat less than twice a week prior to pregnancy was marginally associated with anemia (aPOR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.8) but was significantly associated with lower mean hemoglobin concentrations (9.9 vs. 10.0 g/dL, p = .05) during the study period. A subanalysis excluding women with mild anemia found similar associations to those of the main model, albeit even stronger. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of women at 20 to 26 weeks of pregnancy had mild to moderate anemia. Pica, tea consumption, and low intake of eggs and red meat were associated with anemia. Women of childbearing age should be provided nutritional education regarding food sources of iron, especially prior to becoming pregnant, and taught how food choices can either enhance or interfere with iron absorption.     

Neoantigen-Specific T-Cell Immune Responses: The Paradigm of NPM1-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

The C-terminal aminoacidic sequence from NPM1-mutated protein, absent in normal human tissues, may serve as a leukemia-specific antigen and can be considered an ideal target for NPM1-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) immunotherapy. Different in silico instruments and in vitro/ex vivo immunological platforms have identified the most immunogenic epitopes from NPM1-mutated protein. Spontaneous development of endogenous NPM1-mutated-specific cytotoxic T cells has been observed in patients, potentially contributing to remission maintenance and prolonged survival. Genetically engineered T cells, namely CAR-T or TCR-transduced T cells, directed against NPM1-mutated peptides bound to HLA could prospectively represent a promising therapeutic approach. Although either adoptive or vaccine-based immunotherapies are unlikely to be highly effective in patients with full-blown leukemia, these strategies, potentially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, could be promising in maintaining remission or preemptively eradicating persistent measurable residual disease, mainly in patients ineligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Alternatively, neoantigen-specific donor lymphocyte infusion derived from healthy donors and targeting NPM1-mutated protein to selectively elicit graft-versus-leukemia effect may represent an attractive option in subjects experiencing post-HSCT relapse. Future studies are warranted to further investigate dynamics of NPM1-mutated-specific immunity and explore whether novel individualized immunotherapies may have potential clinical utility in NPM1-mutated AML patients.