对鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶水系统的几点认识

鄂尔多斯盆地地周边分布的古生界碳酸盐岩赋存有丰富的岩溶地下水，受背景地质条件的控制，不同地段地层岩性，岩溶发育程度，岩溶水的补给和赋存富集规律均有差异，并形成了多个岩溶水系统。     

内蒙古桌子山地区岩溶水特征及勘查方法

桌子山地区位于内蒙古自治区西南部,该区岩溶发育,属鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶区.在研究桌子山地区岩溶水赋存条件的基础上,通过对区域构造条件的分析,总结出该区地下水的分布规律.采用水文地质调查、水文地质物探和钻探相结合的方法,为当地成功地寻找到岩溶地下水,缓解了当地人畜饮用水的紧张状况.     

鄂尔多斯盆地周边地区岩溶发育模式及岩溶地下水开发利用探讨

鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶区岩溶含水岩组主要由奥陶系和寒武系灰岩组成,岩溶发育受层状裂隙和构造裂隙控制,主要分布在盆地的东缘、南缘和西缘。文中通过对鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶区碳酸盐岩分布特征和埋藏条件的分析,提出3种岩溶发育模式:斜坡顺层岩溶发育模式、裂谷逆层岩溶发育模式和逆冲断层岩溶发育模式,对3种模式下岩溶发育的地质构造特点、水动力及水化学条件、岩溶发育特点进行分析和总结。初步探讨了3种模式下岩溶地下水资源量和开发利用规划。结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶地下水具有巨大的开发潜力。     

鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶含水介质结构类型和量化统计分析

岩溶含水介质结构类型在一定程度上决定了岩溶地下水的富集与运移规律。根据鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶含水层的岩性、层组结构类型划分出了4种各具特色的岩溶含水介质结构类型，并对各类介质结构的钻孔单位涌水量进行了系统量化统计分析，为进一步认识鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶地下水的富集规律提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地地下水资源与开发利用

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国西北地区的大型构造沉积盆地,以前寒武系变质岩为基底,依次沉积了下古生界碳酸盐岩、上古生界—中生界碎屑岩和各种成因的新生界,总厚度达6000m。根据盆地的地质构造特征和水文地质条件,将鄂尔多斯盆地含水岩系划为周边寒武系—奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶含水层系统、白垩系碎屑岩裂隙孔隙含水层系统和盆地东部基岩裂隙水与上覆第四系松散层孔隙含水层系统。在含水层系统划分的基础上,以含水体之间是否具有统一的水力联系和稳定的水动力场和水化学场为依据,将周边岩溶水可进一步划分为10个水流系统和22个子系统,白垩系地下水划分为5个水流系统和11个子系统,石炭系—侏罗系裂隙水与上覆松散层孔隙水划分为9个地下水系统。系统论述了含水层系统特征,区域水文地球化学特征和地下水循环规律,对鄂尔多斯盆地地下水资源进行了全面评价,针对能源基地建设的供水急需,提出了地下水合理开发利用建议。     

鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶地下水系统模式及特点

鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶分布区由22个汇水面积不等的岩溶地下水子系统组成。本文从区域构造与地貌背景条件出发,将这砦予系统归结为具有相似岩溶地下水系统循环特征的5种模式,每一种模式在岩溶地下水富集规律、水资源循环以及环境地质问题等方面有着不同的特征表现。     

鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶含水介质结构类型和量化统计分析

岩溶含水介质结构类型在一定程度上决定了岩溶地下水的富集与运移规律。根据鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶含水层的岩性、层组结构类型划分出了4种各具特色的岩溶含水介质结构类型,并对各类介质结构的钻孔单位涌水量进行了系统量化统计分析,为进一步认识鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶地下水的富集规律提供依据。     

鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶含水介质结构类型和量化统计分析

岩溶含水介质结构类型在一定程度上决定了岩溶地下水的富集与运移规律.根据鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶含水层的岩性、层组结构类型划分出了4种各具特色的岩溶含水介质结构类型,并对各类介质结构的钻孔单位涌水量进行了系统量化统计分析,为进一步认识鄂尔多斯盆地周边岩溶地下水的富集规律提供依据.     

渭北东部奥陶系岩溶地下水环境同位素特征分

本文通过对渭北东部岩溶地下水环境同位素组成特征的研究，分析了大气降水、地表水、地下水三者之间的转化关系，并对研究区岩溶地下水的形成进行了初步探讨，认为大气降水是研究区岩溶地下水的补给源，地表水与地下水之间存在水力联系，地表水对地下水的补给占补给水源的74.3％。西部岩溶裸露区为岩溶水的直接补给区，其周边浅埋区为岩溶水的间接补给区，东南部的岩溶中-深埋区为岩溶水的径流排泄区。     

云南断陷盆地浅循环岩溶水赋存规律初步研究

断陷盆地是云南省主要的盆地类型.研究断陷盆地岩溶水赋存规律,对于科学地寻找和合理地开发利用岩溶水资源,具有重要的社会经济意义.通过总结云南岩溶断陷盆地中岩溶水形成规律,并对典型断陷盆地进行研究,归纳了裸露型、裸露-覆盖型、裸露-埋藏型和滞水型4类浅循环岩溶水的赋存特征.裸露型岩溶区具不均匀的洞隙系统,为快速管道流,覆盖型岩溶区含水层等效于多孔介质特征,其垂向上的分层结构差异较大,多为幔速扩散流,地下水多在盆谷地边缘呈暗河、大泉方式排泄,深覆盖区、埋藏区往往补给不畅,水量有限,应着重于暗河和大泉的调查及其补给迳流区的研究;滞水型属有阻条件的裸露型岩溶水,赋水分散且水量有限,适宜解决山区缺水困难.针对云南不同大地构造区断陷盆地,提出相应的岩溶水合理开发方式.     

陇东盆地西部岩溶地下水形成机制研究

陇东盆地西部处于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造带，新元古-下古生界碳酸盐岩裸露或浅埋，构成-南北向展布的岩溶水富集带。通过运用构造控水分析、水化学同位素等方法，对岩溶裂隙水系统进行了深入的分析与讨论。指出本区岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向逆冲推覆构造控制，储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主，构造条件是岩溶发育和岩溶水富集的主要制约因素。岩溶水化学特征具有明显的南北差异，在补给条件优越的中南部平凉-华亭地区，水化学主要由含水层岩性及其赋存条件决定。岩溶地下水以大气降水来源为主，对于埋藏型岩溶水表现为多源水混合而成。根据岩溶水的空间分布与水动力场特征及其补径排条件，全区可划分为平凉、华亭和环西3个相对独立的岩溶水系统．并以此可作为水资源评价的基础。这些认识对于深入了解西北干旱-半干旱地区岩溶水赋存及富集规律、形成与演化机理和在该区开发利用岩溶地下水资源具有重要的科学意义。     

西南岩溶区岩溶水有效开发利用规划分区

我国西南岩溶地区由于自然地理、地质构造背景特征,造成了岩溶水补给、径流、排泄及动态的差异,以及在开发利用岩溶水资源的方式和途径上的不同。本文以岩溶水赋存条件及其地质环境条件为基础,依据岩溶水的富水性、开发意义、开发的紧迫性以及开发方式和社会效益,进行岩溶水有效开发利用规划分区,为该地区的岩溶水有效开发提供参考。      

从水文地球化学角度研究鄂尔多斯盆地南区白垩系地下水的排泄途径

主要从水文地球化学的角度,以鄂尔多斯盆地白于山以南地区白垩系地下水的水化学水平分带和地表水基流水化学特征为主要依据,结合地质构造格局及岩相古地理条件,分析研究了该区白垩系地下水的补、径、排条件。认为该区白垩系地下水水化学场存在一个由东、北、西南向中部的水平分带,愈向盆地中部水质愈复杂、TDS愈高。马莲河基流水质的沿途变化规律反映出其接受东西两侧地下水的补给。说明鄂尔多斯盆地南区的东部地区和西南部地区为地下水补给区,而中心地带为地下水排泄区,最终经马莲河排出区外。天环向斜轴部和马莲河谷是南区汇集东西两侧地下水的排泄通道。     

鄂尔多斯沙漠高原白垩系地下水水化学演化的多元统计分析

结合稳定同位素( D、18O、13C) ,应用聚类分析和因子分析两种多元统计分析方法,对鄂尔多斯沙漠高原白垩系含水层地下水水化学演化特征进行研究。结果表明: 研究区环河组和洛河组地下水均可分为3 大类,且大致在地下水补给区、径流区和排泄区分别聚类,每一类的水化学特征和同位素特征均存在一定的差异; 研究区地下水均起源于大气降水,发生了岩盐溶滤、碳酸盐矿物溶解、硫酸盐矿物溶解、硅酸盐矿物溶解和阳离子交换等水文地球化学作用。相对洛河组地下水,环河组地下水水化学演化特征还受到了大气降水稀释作用和酸碱演化的影响。     

Hydrogeology of the Ordos Basin,China

The Ordos Basin is located in the east of NW China that is composed of different aquifer systems. Karst groundwater is stored in the Carmbrian-Ordovician carbonates along the margins of the basin. Fissured-pore water is present in the Cretaceous strata in the central-western basin and pore water is stored in the overlying Quaternary deposits discontinuously. The main origin of groundwater in the basin is direct or indirect infiltration of precipitation. Groundwater flows from recharge areas to adjacent local discharge areas. Besides evaporation and abstraction, groundwater feeds springs and rivers, such as the Yellow River and its tributaries. According to the karst aquifer lithologic structure, the features of karst development and circulation, the karst aquifer is divided into three structural and circulation patterns. Based on the control of Cretaceous sedimentary environment, lithologic structure, lithofacies, and palaeogeographic characteristics, the Cretaceous system is divided into the northern desert simple plateau aquifer system and the southern loess plateau aquifer system. PACKER was used to obtain temperature, hydrogeochemical and isotope data at specific depths. Groundwater circulation is studied using hydrodynamic fields, temperature fields, isotopes, hydrogeochemical data and numerical simulations. According to the result, it is divided into local, intermediate and regional systems.     

Groundwater recharge and discharge processes in the Jakarta groundwater basin, Indonesia

Proper management of groundwater resources requires knowledge of the processes of recharge and discharge associated with a groundwater basin. Such processes have been identified in the Jakarta groundwater basin, Indonesia using a theory that describes the simultaneous transfer of heat and fluid in a porous medium. Temperature-depth profiles in monitoring wells are used to determine the geothermal gradient. To examine the rules of groundwater flow in the distortion of the isotherms in this area, several methods are compared. Subsurface temperature distribution is strongly affected by heat advection due to groundwater flow. Under natural flow conditions, the recharge area is assumed to occur in the hills and uplands, which are located on the periphery of the Jakarta basin, and the discharge area is located in the central and northern part of the Jakarta groundwater basin. A transition area, which could act as local recharge and discharge areas, occupies the middle of the lowland. Subsurface temperatures show good correlation with the groundwater flow conditions, and the data yield important information on the location of recharge and discharge areas.     

Results from the Big Spring basin water quality monitoring and demonstration projects,Iowa, USA

Agricultural practices, hydrology, and water quality of the 267-km² Big Spring groundwater drainage basin in Clayton County, Iowa, have been monitored since 1981. Land use is agricultural; nitrate-nitrogen (-N) and herbicides are the resulting contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Ordovician Galena Group carbonate rocks comprise the main aquifer in the basin. Recharge to this karstic aquifer is by infiltration, augmented by sinkhole-captured runoff. Groundwater is discharged at Big Spring, where quantity and quality of the discharge are monitored. Monitoring has shown a threefold increase in groundwater nitrate-N concentrations from the 1960s to the early 1980s. The nitrate-N discharged from the basin typically is equivalent to over one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer applied, with larger losses during wetter years. Atrazine is present in groundwater all year; however, contaminant concentrations in the groundwater respond directly to recharge events, and unique chemical signatures of infiltration versus runoff recharge are detectable in the discharge from Big Spring. Education and demonstration efforts have reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rates by one-third since 1981. Relating declines in nitrate and pesticide concentrations to inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides at Big Spring is problematic. Annual recharge has varied five-fold during monitoring, overshadowing any water-quality improvements resulting from incrementally decreased inputs. Electronic Publication     

Application of hydrochemical signatures to delineating portable groundwater resources in Ordos Basin, China

The Ordos Basin of China encompasses Shaanxi, Gansu, and Shanxi provinces, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia autonomous regions. It lacks significant surface water resources. Among the water-bearing formations, the Luohe formation, with an area of 1.32×10⁵ km², is the most prospective aquifer. Groundwater quality data collected at 211 boreholes drilled into the Luhe formation indicate a complex distribution of groundwater chemistry. The hydrochemical properties were used to study the recharge, runoff, and discharge conditions of the groundwater in Ordos Basin and to evaluate sustainable groundwater resources. In the northern part of the basin, the hydrochemistry types and the total dissolved solids (TDS) show a clear lateral transition from SEE to NWW, indicating that the groundwater gets recharge in the northwest region and discharges in the southeast region. In the southern part of the basin, maximum TDS occurs at the center of the Malian River valley, from which the TDS decreases radially. Therefore, the groundwater in the southern basin gets recharge from the southeast and southwest regions, and the Malian River valley is the discharge zone. As a result of this research, the areas with portable groundwater were delineated. They include most of the southeast region of the Sishili Ridge, east of the Ziwu Mountain, and the southwest corner of the basin. The TDS of the groundwater in these regions is less than 1 g/l, and the hydrochemistry type is either HCO₃ or HCO₃·SO₄.     

庄里水库建设对地下水水位的影响

庄里水库位于羊庄盆地水文地质单元内,水库建设将使地下水补径排条件和流场发生改变,根据羊庄盆地水文地质条件、地下水开发利用状况,采用Visual Madflow4．1软件,建立地下水水流模型,模拟庄里水库建成后对地下水水位和流场的影响,提出地下水水源保护措施。     

宁夏海原盆地地下水水化学特征及其演化规律

结合宁夏海原盆地已有的地质、水文地质资料,基于水化学、同位素数据分析了研究区的水文地球化学特征。总体上当地的地下水化学场从补给区到径流区到排泄区具有明显的分带性,符合干旱区盆地的水质演化规律;地球化学模拟表明当地水岩相互作用从补给区的以溶滤-混合作用为主逐渐演变成排泄区的以溶滤-蒸发为主。水中的溶解性总固体含量升高主要由岩盐和石膏的溶解引起,第三系岩性及径流条件对地下水水质有很大的影响。同位素特征表明西华山-南华山断裂控制着当地地下水的补给,地下水开采对深层地下水水质的影响尚不明显;在有些地区,由于地下水开采加速了地下水径流,水质有变好的趋势。 