基于Selfrag高压电脉冲放电破岩试验的仿真模拟

高压电脉冲破岩在高温等离子弧的作用下,产生的热应力超过岩石的强度极限时就会使岩石破碎,其破碎坚硬岩石有显著效果。为研究电压、岩石矿物成分、孔隙率3个参数对岩石内电场强度分布的影响,本文基于Selfrag高压电脉冲破岩的试验数据,利用COMSOL Multiphysics仿真软件建立了一种针针电极结构仿真模型。结果表明,施加的电压不同,岩石内部电场强度分布不同;电场在不同矿物成分边界发生畸变,不同矿物成分相对介电常数变化越大,产生畸变越明显,高压电脉冲破碎优先发生在不同矿物成分的接触面;岩石内孔隙的存在,使其周围的电场发生了畸变,其他参数一定,孔隙率越大,岩石越容易被电击穿。研究结论可为高压电脉冲钻井破岩参数的选取提供参考。     

基于COMSOL的高压放电破碎岩石仿真研究

常规旋挖钻机在钻进硬岩地层钻孔桩时存在进尺困难,钻头磨损大等问题。高压脉冲放电岩石破碎技术作为一种新型非机械式岩石破碎技术,在硬岩钻进领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文在分析高压脉冲放电破碎岩石机理的基础上,运用COMSOL Multiphusics软件,建立电-热-力多物理场耦合模型,开展花岗岩和砂岩在电压、电极间距、电解质等条件下的破碎规律仿真研究。结果表明,随着电压的增大,岩石产生的破碎区域呈线性增大;电极间距的增大导致岩石破碎区域减小;液体介质的电导率大小对放电结果的影响不大;选用多电极对放电可有效增加岩石的破碎面积。研究结果可为高压放电破碎岩石技术提供参考。     

基于冲击载荷的硬质合金球齿碎岩机理研究

在滑坡防治大直径桩孔施工过程中,快速钻进是治理成功的关键。因此选用合适的钻进机具与工艺极其重要,而气动潜孔锤因钻进效率高被广泛应用。气动潜孔锤钻进过程中,通过钻头底部球齿对岩石进行切削,达到高效碎岩目的,但球齿在破碎岩石过程中若冲击功选用不恰当,会导致能量损耗增大、球齿磨损较快、钻进效率低等问题,因此选用合适的冲击功进行碎岩具有重要意义。本文采用ABAQUS软件对单个球齿冲击岩石的过程进行了数值模拟,并进行了冲锤自由落体冲击实验,分析?19 mm的球齿在不同冲击功条件下的碎岩机理、破碎面积的变化规律。结果表明球齿碎岩机理分为3个阶段：弹性变形、压裂、体积破碎,且当球齿以30 J冲击功钻进花岗岩时,可有效降低能量损耗与提高碎岩效率。     

超声波辅助PDC切削齿振动破岩仿真分析

PDC钻头在软至中硬地层钻进时具有钻速高、使用寿命长、设计灵活等显著优点,在钻井领域中的需求量逐年增加。而超声波钻进作为一种新型碎岩技术,由于在钻进过程中具有穿透能力强、钻进效率高等优点而获得了广泛关注。以超声波振动辅助PDC钻头破岩有望取得良好的钻进效果。为此,基于线型Drucker-Prager模型,利用ABAQUS软件建立了超声波辅助PDC钻进振动切削岩石的二维有限元模型,分析了不同超声波振动频率下PDC钻进破岩比功和切削力的变化规律,比较了超声波振动切削与常规切削岩屑形成过程的差异。研究结果表明,当激励频率从20 kHz至40 kHz增长的过程中,破岩比功与平均切削力都呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势,即存在一个最优频率位于25~30 kHz间,使破岩比功最小,钻进效率最高;超声波辅助振动切削的破岩方式与常规切削的塑性破坏不同,主要以脆性破坏为主,其切屑形成过程共分为4个阶段,且切削力保持为零的阶段较常规切削更为明显;当激励频率接近岩石固有频率时,超声波振动切削的平均切削力较常规切削小20.5%,并更易产生大块岩屑,使岩石产生更多体积破碎,从而提高破岩效率。     

摩擦热-机械碎岩钻进技术试验研究

摩擦热－机械碎岩钻进技术是利用钻头与岩石产生的摩擦热能加入弱化岩石，然后利用钻头上的切削元件切削碎岩。由于大部分岩石在高温和交变热应力作用下其强度、硬度以及磨蚀性都大幅度降低，因此提高了钻进效率。钻头摩擦元件采用了新型的耐摩擦耐高温的赛隆陶瓷材料，耐磨性是YG6硬质合金的3~5倍，而价格仅为硬质合金的1/10；对钻具和钻头的结构也进行了详细的论述；钻进试验表明：热机碎岩钻具摩擦元件能产生足够高的温度场(大于600 ℃)；热机碎岩钻进技术是切实可行的，能提高钻进效率，降低钻进成本。     

冲击回转碎岩机理试验研究

在模拟孔底冲击回转钻进条件的试验台上，对岩石的冲击回转碎岩机理进行了试验研究，提出了大直径潜孔钻头的合理布齿及钻进参数选择依据。     

孕镶金刚石钻头碎岩机理的模拟实验研究

由于金刚石钻进岩石的复杂性，给研究其碎岩机理带来了许多困难，现主要存在有“磨削”、“切削”、“压碎”等理论，但仍无统一认识。很多关于钻进的预测方程也只是经验性的。关于金刚石冲击迴转的碎岩机理很少有过深入研究，该问题尚处于空白状态，然而，研究其碎岩规律对钻头设计制造与钻进工艺都是迫切需要的。利用我们研制的可钻性测定仪：一种适于野外特点的模拟装置（微钻）来模拟试验研究金刚石钻进的碎岩过程有着它突出的优点，对模拟的钻进过程可进行多因素综合性（如冲击—回转联合作用）和单因素分析（如单次冲击或瞬时回转）研究。     

基于离散元的超声波振动辅助TBM滚刀碎岩分析

超声振动辅助碎岩技术以其弱化岩石强度、降低切削力、加快钻进速度等优势受到广泛关注,将超声振动技术与滚刀结合,能有效提升隧道硬岩施工滚刀破岩效率。采用颗粒流离散元软件对超声波振动辅助滚刀碎岩过程进行了模拟研究,结果表明,超声波振动能够产生周期性应力波并向岩石内部传播,在岩石的近表面区域出现较强的拉应力,有助于浅层岩石的张拉破坏。超声波振动提升了岩石内部裂纹的生成规模,加快了裂纹的生成速度,提前了裂纹初次萌生时间,对滚刀的破岩性能有良好的增益效果。超声波振动下岩石裂纹生成更加平稳,减少了跃进式破碎现象,能够避免因剧烈振动产生的冲击载荷对滚刀产生异常磨损和破坏,对延长滚刀寿命具有促进作用。     

关于金刚石钻进的机械钻速、碎岩功耗与规程参数优化关系的试验研究

我国的金刚石钻进技术发展较快,已经成为钻进硬岩和坚硬岩石的重要方法。但如何通过试验确定一定的数学模型,来表达钻速和碎岩功耗与钻进规程参数的关系,以便根据实际情况选用最优规程参数,获得更好的钻进效果(较高的机械钻速,较长的钻头进尺,较低的钻探成本)和合理的碎岩功耗则研究得较少,因此就此问题所进行的试验与研究具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。     

攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿整装勘查钻探坚硬岩层的研究和探索

从攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿整装勘查地质岩心钻探的基本要求出发,应用碎岩理论及碎岩理论的实现途径,结合坚硬岩石的特点,经过现场的试验观察和反复实践,初步形成了一套钻进坚硬岩层钻探工艺方法,现场的应用证明,该工艺能很好的提高钻进效率。     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period

Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20140751 Guo Xincheng(Geological Party,BGMRED of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China);Zheng Yuzhuang Determination and Geological Significance of the Mesoarchean Craton in Western Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang,China(Geological Review,ISSN0371-5736,CN11-1952/P,59(3),2013,p.401-412,8     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141058 Chen Ling(Key Laboratory of Mathematical Geology of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu610059,China);Guo Ke Study of Geochemical Ore-Forming Anomaly Identification Based on the Theory of Blind Source Separation(Geosci-     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20141624 Cai Xiongfei(Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Yang Jie A Restudy of the Upper Sinian Zhengmuguan and Tuerkeng Formations in the Helan Mountains(Journal of Stratigraphy,ISSN0253-4959CN32-1187/P,37(3),2013,p.377-386,5 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20142263Lü Shaojun(Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330030,China)Early-Middle Permian Biostratigraphical Characteristics in Qiangduo Area,Tibet(Resources SurveyEnvironment,ISSN1671-4814,CN32-1640/N,34(4),2013,p.221-227,2illus.,2tables,22refs.)Key words:biostratigraphy,Lower Permian,Middle Permian,Tibet     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20142560Hu Hongxia(Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China);Dai Lixia Application of GIS Map Projection Transformation in Geological Work(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.160-163,4illus.,2refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20140692 Duo Tianhui(No.402 Geological Team,Exploration of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Authority,Chengdu611730,China);Wang Yongli Computer Simulation of Neptunium Existing Forms in the Groundwater(Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,ISSN1001-1749,CN51-1242/P,35(3),