基于环境同位素技术的河水补给研究——以沈阳黄家傍河水源地为例

河水入渗补给是傍河水源地的主要补给来源,确定河水补给强度对于促进水源地长期安全的开采具有十分重要的意义。以沈阳黄家水源地为研究区,通过对比研究区河水、地下水的水化学及氢氧稳定同位素特征,分析了水源地地下水的补给来源及强度。结果表明:傍河水源地地下水主要接受河水的入渗补给和区域地下水的侧向补给;受河床沉积物和含水介质的岩性及结构在空间上的差异影响,河水入渗补给后在向地下水位漏斗中心流动的过程中具有浅层和深层两条地下水流路径,深层地下水与河水的水力联系更为紧密;河水对地下水的补给强度具有明显的时空变化特点,表现为雨季河水入渗强度明显大于旱季,并且随着与辽河距离的增加,水源地地下水获得的河水补给量呈逐渐减小的趋势。     

地下水应急开采对郑州市傍河水源地的影响

傍河水源地是郑州市重要的地下水供水水源.在出现极端干旱或极端事故(如水质污染)的条件下,傍河水源地将启动应急开采满足城市供水的需要.通过建立郑州市350m深度内松散岩类孔隙水地下水数值模拟模型,对黄河水位下降情况下的地下水应急开采方案进行了预测,分析了应急开采对黄河侧向补给的影响及傍河水源地地下水位的演变趋势.结果表明,应急开采方案下激发了黄河的侧向补给,一年的预测期末傍河水源地没有出现地下水位持续下降、降落漏斗进一步扩大的问题.     

河流补给机理的试验研究

在傍河水源地地下水资源评价中，如何确定河流的补给量是最重要的问题之一，本文利用室内试验，探讨了河流渗漏补给量与排泄水位，介质渗透性的关系，分析了在河流与地下水脱节前后，地下水位随河水位，排泄水位而变化的规律，建立了河流补给地下水的非线性渗透模型。     

郑州北郊水源地地下水流三维有限元模拟

本文从傍河水源地地下水流动的三维特征分析入手，结合三维有限元数值模型，模拟了两组大型抽水试验，识别和反求含水层参数，进一步对地下水开采方案进行了评价。     

傍河水源地地下水资源评价方法述评

当前傍河水源地地下水资源评价的方法主要是水动力学方法和地下水管理模型,包括平面二维流模式、饱和三维流模式、饱和-非饱和流模式以及以这些水流模式为基础的地下水管理模型,其中以完整河流假设的平面二维流模式和非完整河流(实际河流)的三维流模式应用较为广泛。但平面二维流模式计算的开采量偏大,容易引起不良的环境影响,应推行使用饱和三维流甚或饱和-非饱和流模式预测傍河水源地地下水开采量。     

傍河水源地取水井堵塞特征及缓解途径概述

傍河取水技术是一种地表水与地下水联合利用的开发模式。该技术既可以保障水资源开采量的可持续性和稳定性,又可以通过入渗过程有效去除水体中的污染物,降低水处理成本。但河水入渗过程导致的取水井堵塞现象一直是困扰国内外傍河取水的难题。如何缓解取水井堵塞是保证傍河水源地可持续运行的核心所在。通过总结国内外傍河水源地的运行实践,分析了堵塞作用的原因及类型,探讨了河流水动力条件、河流的水质状况、傍河水源地取水井的分布及取水量对堵塞作用影响的机制,提出了适时洗井、定期监测河水水质、合理设计取水井井群、控制取水量4条缓解取水井堵塞的途径,为傍河水源地管理提供了技术支撑。     

间歇性河流傍河水源地地下水开采量的评价

在供水水文地质勘探中,常把水源地选择在靠近地表水体的有利部位。这主要是由于傍河地区的水文地质条件十分有利于地下水的储存和补给,在一般情况下都能取得良好的经济效果。傍河水源地的出水     

黄河下游影响带(河南段)三维地下水流数值模拟模型及其应用

黄河下游（河南段）影响带属于黄河下游冲积平原地下水系统，黄河对地下水的影响范围为5－23km，面积为9417.6km^2。在建立水文地质概念模型的基础上，运用FEFLOW软件建立了研究区三维地下水流模拟模型，并对模型进行了识别。运用模型确定地下水多年平均补给资源和可开采资源评价；预测新建傍河水源地开采条件下，地下水位在5－10年内趋于稳定；定量研究黄河与地下水的补排关系，傍河水源地开采量的65％－75％来自黄河水，黄河大堤防渗墙工程深度为20m和45m情况下，黄河侧渗量分别减小5.72%和8.12%。     

黄河下游断流对傍河水源地影响的研究

保持黄河不断流是傍河水源地存在的必要条件,黄河频繁的断流威胁傍河开采水源地的稳定性。本文建立了黄河下游影响带地下水系统模拟模型,模拟预测黄河下游在断流和恢复过流条件下,傍河开采时黄河侧渗量的变化趋势及傍河开采水源地地下水的演变趋势。研究表明:断流条件下,因傍河水源地开采而激发的黄河侧渗补给量增加幅度达28．4％-126．4％;小浪底水库运行对于傍河水源地实现稳定开采具有重要意义。     

濉河符离集段地表水污染与傍河浅层地下水相互关系的研究

本文通过对濉河符离集段地表水与傍河浅层地下水的水位、水质进行同步观测,采用相关分析的方法,对濉河符离集段地表水与傍河浅层地下水的水位、水质相互关系进行了分析.结果表明,地表水与地下水水位高度相关,傍河地下水水位与离河距离、河水水位关系表达式为:z=-5.9254-0.0003x 1.2110y,地表水与地下水水质的Cl-离子、NH3-N相关性良好.可见濉河地表水污染对傍河浅层地下水污染有着积极的影响.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

Inter-regional correlation of transgressions and regressions in the Cretaceous period

Well investigated platforms have been selected in each continent, and the history of Cretaceous transgressions and regressions there is concisely reviewed from the available evidence. The factual records have been summarized into a diagram and the timing of the events correlated between distant as well as adjoining areas.On a global scale, major transgressions were stepwise enlarged in space and time from the Neocomian, via Aptian-Albian, to the Late Cretaceous, and the post-Cretaceous regression was very remarkable. Minor cycles of transgression-regression were not always synchronous between different areas. Some of them were, however, nearly synchronous between the areas facing the same ocean.Tectono-eustasy may have been the main cause of the phenomena of transgression-regression, but certain kinds of other tectonic movements which affected even the so-called stable platforms were also responsible for the phenomena. The combined effects of various causes may have been unusual in the Cretaceous, since it was a period of global tectonic activity. The slowing down of this activity followed by readjustments may have been the cause of the global regression at the end of the Cretaceous.     

The lamprophyres of Afyon stratovolcano,western Anatolia,Turkey: description and genesis

The Afyon stratovolcano exhibits lamprophyric rocks, emplaced as hydrovolcanic products, aphanitic lava flows and dyke intrusions, during the final stages of volcanic activity. Most of the Afyon volcanics belong to the silica-saturated alkaline suite, as potassic trachyandesites and trachytes, while the products of the latest activity are lamproitic lamprophyres (jumillite, orendite, verite, fitztroyite) and alkaline lamprophyres (campto-sannaite, sannaite, hyalo-monchiquite, analcime–monchiquite). Afyon lamprophyres exhibit LILE and Zr enrichments, related to mantle metasomatism.     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20140751 Guo Xincheng(Geological Party,BGMRED of Xinjiang,Changji 831100,China);Zheng Yuzhuang Determination and Geological Significance of the Mesoarchean Craton in Western Kunlun Mountains,Xinjiang,China(Geological Review,ISSN0371-5736,CN11-1952/P,59(3),2013,p.401-412,8     

GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

正20141058 Chen Ling(Key Laboratory of Mathematical Geology of Sichuan Province,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu610059,China);Guo Ke Study of Geochemical Ore-Forming Anomaly Identification Based on the Theory of Blind Source Separation(Geosci-     

SEISMIC GEOLOGY

正20141334 Chen Kun(Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing100081,China);Yu Yanxiang Shakemap of Peak Ground Acceleration with Bias Correction for the Lushan,Sichuan Earthquake on April20,2013(Seismology and Geology,ISSN0253-4967,CN11-2192/P,35(3),2013,p.627-633,2 illus.,1 table,9 refs.)Key words:great earthquakes,Sichuan Province     

HISTORICAL GEOLOGY & STRATIGRAPHY

正20141624 Cai Xiongfei(Key Laboratory of Geobiology and Environmental Geology,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Yang Jie A Restudy of the Upper Sinian Zhengmuguan and Tuerkeng Formations in the Helan Mountains(Journal of Stratigraphy,ISSN0253-4959CN32-1187/P,37(3),2013,p.377-386,5 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.)     

PALEONTOLOGY

正20142263Lü Shaojun(Geological Survey of Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330030,China)Early-Middle Permian Biostratigraphical Characteristics in Qiangduo Area,Tibet(Resources SurveyEnvironment,ISSN1671-4814,CN32-1640/N,34(4),2013,p.221-227,2illus.,2tables,22refs.)Key words:biostratigraphy,Lower Permian,Middle Permian,Tibet     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20142560Hu Hongxia(Regional Geological and Mineral Resources Survey of Jilin Province,Changchun 130022,China);Dai Lixia Application of GIS Map Projection Transformation in Geological Work(Jilin Geology,ISSN1001-2427,CN22-1099/P,32(4),2013,p.160-163,4illus.,2refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20140692 Duo Tianhui(No.402 Geological Team,Exploration of Geology and Mineral Resources of Sichuan Authority,Chengdu611730,China);Wang Yongli Computer Simulation of Neptunium Existing Forms in the Groundwater(Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,ISSN1001-1749,CN51-1242/P,35(3),