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国家气候中心海气耦合模式汛期降水预报的一种订正方案及其试验 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
用奇异值分解(SVD)方法,分析了1983~2003年夏季国家气候中心海气耦合模式500hPa高度预报场与中国特别是华中区域降水场、1971~2000年夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场与中国特别是华中区域降水场的关系.结果表明:夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场与中国特别是华中区域降水场关系明显较模式500hPa高度场密切,若夏季NCEP/NCAR 500hPa高度场南、北半球副热带高压较强(弱),北半球副热带高压主体偏南(北),则长江流域、东北地区中部及青藏高原东侧将降水偏多(偏少).对比分析结果,发现国家气候中心海气耦合模式存在一定程度的预报误差,如长江流域误差就较为明显.作者提出一种订正方案,利用SVD从模式500hPa高度预报场中提取大尺度信号,借助最优化技术,合理订正误差,改进降水场的预报.经试验表明:订正后降水场预报的距平同号率有可能接近NCEP/NCAR 500 hPa高度场相当的技巧水平. 相似文献
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利用1960年以来NCEP/NCAR北半球500hPa逐日环流场资料,应用动态相似集成预报方法,对离预报月最近若干时段内的东亚500hPa逐日高度场环流场进行EOF展开,提取前期环流场的主要特征量及恢复场,运用相似算法分别与1961年以来各年同期EOF主要特征恢复场进行比较,寻找最佳相似年份。调整前期资料长度,再用相同的方法找出5个相似年,累计预报区域5个相似年预报时段内逐日降水频率,并将其结果绘制成曲线,根据曲线峰谷变化,即可对延伸期预报时段内可能性较大的区域性主要降水过程出现日期进行预报。预报试验结果表明,该方法对重庆延伸期内降水、降温等天气过程预报有一定参考价值。 相似文献
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本文应用500hPa(9-2月)高度距平场资料,通过对多雨年和少雨年的资料进行客观分型及滤波,确定对汛期(6-8月)降水有预报意义的500hPa(9-2月)高度距平场模型,利用实况资料与模型资料进行距平符号对比,计算出符号相似概率差来预报汛期(6-8月)降水的多少。 相似文献
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SVD方法在前期500hPa环流与贵州春季降水关系中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于500hPa高度场资料和贵州春季降水场资料,采用奇异值分解(SVD)方法,分析高度场与降水场的关系。结果表明:奇异值分解方法前8个奇异向量占总方差的80%以上,取前8个奇异向量已能代表贵州春季降水的主要分布;春季降水与前期冬季500hPa高度场分布有很好的匹配关系,且不同年份可能呈反位相分布;贵州春季降水除了通常的一致偏多(或偏少)外,还存在东南—西北准对称型分布;当冬季500hPa高度场距平场呈反位相分布时,即除北美地区负距平外,其余地区均呈中低纬负距平、高纬度正距平分布,贵州春季降水为一致的正距平分布。 相似文献
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通过对1983-2002年国家气候中心NCC_CGCM季节预报模式的2月初始场的5个预测场(500 hPa高度场,200 hPa经向风、纬向风场,850 hPa经向风、纬向风场)与NCEP实况场的相关检验,指出模式预测与实况有一定差距,但也存在预报效果好的区域,其中预报效果最好的是200 hPa和850 hPa纬向风场,正相关达到95%信度的点数最多;500 hPa高度场正相关达到95%信度的点数最少;利用模式预报效果好的区域的预测值,对2003-2007年长江中下游区域夏季降水指数进行释用,预报准确率达到80%;对比模式在该地区的降水预报以及仅用模式高度场的解释预报发现,用挑选有用信息后的预报效果更好.该方法在全国其他14个区夏季降水的释用中,江南区和内蒙古区预报准确率也可达到80%. 相似文献
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利用欧州中期数值预报格点资料,采用PP法建立了全年分季分站逐日降水预报方程。实际应用时,直接从网络上调取欧州中心500hPa高度场、850hPa温度场、1000hPa气压场48—120h预报场格点资料,可作出一周逐日晴雨、分级降水预报。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 下载免费PDF全文
正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献