砖瓦制造业对气象条件的要求与应对服务

本文根据多年来气象科技服务工作经验，提出一些专题气象预报对砖瓦行业的生产提供技术指导，有待在今后的砖瓦生产气象服务改进服务方式，提高服务的针对性和敏锐性，使砖瓦气象服务更到位、更加具体化，以此发挥气象服务的最大社会经济效益。     

提高决策气象服务能力需把握的几个环节

就如何增强决策气象服务的针对性、敏感性、综合性和时效性,提高决策气象服务的能力作些浅探.     

2018年我国灾害性天气及决策气象服务分析

灾害性天气的总结是研究其形成机理和变化规律的基础,也是提高预报预测准确率的有效途径,而决策气象服务是围绕天气变化进行的一项有中国特色的特殊服务,是政府部门科学决策的依据,工作对象的特殊性决定了天气预报预测能力需要不断提升和增强,决策气象服务技术需要不断改进和创新。通过对2018年全国灾害性天气特征和决策气象服务工作进行归纳、分析,并结合业务实际和未来发展,探讨性地提出改进措施,旨在建立灾害性天气和决策气象服务的内在联系,增强业务人员对天气变化规律的认知和对决策气象服务的深度理解,以预报发展推动服务水平提升,以服务需求促进预报技术提高,从而更好地发挥新形势下的决策参谋作用。     

威海市决策气象服务系统

引言做好各级政府及有关领导部门的决策气象服务 ,防灾减灾 ,造福人民 ,是气象服务工作的重点之一。计算机及网络技术的普及和发展 ,为有效地做好重大天气决策服务 ,明确责任 ,规范工作流程 ,提高决策服务水平 ,并将丰富的气象产品直观、及时地提供给各级领导 ,当好领导的参谋 ,提供了更加完备的技术条件。威海市气象局在多年实践的基础上 ,研制了威海市决策气象服务系统 ,在实际业务中取得一定的成效。1　决策气象服务系统综述决策气象服务系统由决策气象服务实施方案、威海市气候资料查询、预报产品分发、专项服务、专业用户和特别提示 6…     

黑龙江省决策气象服务结构及流程

黑龙江省决策气象服务结构及流程辛晓慧决策气象服务是指为领导提供的气象信息服务。这种服务对党政领导部门和生产指挥部门进行指挥决策非常重要。近年来，随着气象服务的不断深化，黑龙江省决策气象服务体系已经形成，并产生了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。１省级决策气象...     

构建现代决策气象服务系统

1引言气象服务是气象工作的重要内容之一,而决策气象服务又是气象服务工作的核心内容。逐步建设包括国家、省、市、县四级的灾害性天气预警、人工增雨防雹、农业气象服务、地质灾害预警等内容在内的决策气象服务系统。因此,为了提升各级政府及相关部门防灾减灾能力,促进社会和经济的持续发展,提高政府对公益性机构的投入效益,建立和发展与时俱进的现代决策气象服务系统已经成为公共气象服务发展的必然走向。2现代决策气象服务系统的构建决策气象服务既然是为政府机关及职能部门提供气象服务,必须重视服务对象的需求,形成新型的服务体系。2.1…     

山西省决策气象服务现状与思考

山西省决策气象服务现状与思考朱临洪（山西省气象局业务发展处０３０００２）引言决策气象服务是指为各级政府组织生产、防御和减轻自然灾害的决策过程中,提供有关气象问题的服务。在所有气象服务活动中,决策服务以其服务对象、服务手段、服务时效、服务需求、服务及时...     

国家级决策气象服务需求变化分析

为进一步了解国家级决策气象服务需求变化情况,通过调查问卷方式,收集国家级决策气象服务用户对决策气象服务工作的有关意见,结合2018年决策气象服务具体数据,分析党中央和国务院机构调整后,决策对象对气象灾害的关注特点以及对气象服务需求的变化。据此提出决策气象服务供给侧改革建议,1） 调整决策气象服务业务流程,优化决策气象服务产品内容。2） 推动发展新一代气象服务信息系统,提高决策气象服务技术能力。3） 推动建立与重点部门的沟通对接机制,为重点部门提供定制化、模块化决策气象服务信息支撑,实现用户向制作方的反馈机制。     

决策气象服务方法初探

从决策气象服务工作技术和方法出发,总结了多年决策气象服务经验和实际工作中遇到的问题,对决策气象服务知识体系涵盖的内容进行了探讨。文中特别指出其知识体系应涵盖决策气象服务人员思维方式、决策气象服务机制及服务方式和服务技巧、决策气象服务技术支撑平台、通俗性语言特点和决策气象服务建议等方面内容,并对这些方面进行了分析和说明,提出了不断提高决策气象服务的针对性、时效性、敏感性和通俗性的建议和方法。     

湖北省决策气象服务系统的建设思路与实现过程

近 1 0多年来 ,决策气象服务一直被湖北省各级气象部门作为最重要的工作之一。经过全省气象科技工作者的不懈努力 ,气象决策服务在国民经济建设中发挥了独特的不可替代的重要作用 ,特别是在防汛抗旱、工农业生产决策过程中 ,其社会效益和经济效益尤为显著。因此这项工作已逐渐取得了当地党政领导和社会各界的认可。但随着国民经济持续发展和领导部门科学决策水平的不断提高 ,各级党政部门对气象服务也提出了更详尽更高的要求。如何进一步做好决策气象服务 ,更好地为当地党政部门当好参谋 ,这是摆在全省气象科技工作者面前的一项重大课题。在…     

加强业务管理提高测报质量

我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格.     

准两年振荡对大气中微量气体分布的影响

NCAR的包含化学、辐射、动力相互作用的两维模式（SOCRATES）移植回国后进行了初步的模拟试验,用以研究某些对环境问题重要的微量气体的化学、辐射、动力传输过程。在不考虑极地平流层云和气溶胶表面非均相化学等情况下,模式积分多年,计算结果稳定,模拟的风场、温度场显示出正常的季节变化,模拟的微量气体分布与卫星实测资料对照,结果也比较一致。为了探讨热带平流层风场的准两年周期振荡（QBO）对平流层微量气体分布的影响,我们做了QBO强迫的数值试验,即在模式中加入QBO强迫,并与不考虑QBO强迫的模拟结果对比。结果表明,QBO与其相关的次级环流所引起动力输送的变化,使平流层微量气体分布发生变化。     

Comparing the theoretical versions of the Beaufort scale, the T-Scale and the Fujita scale

2005 is the bicentenary of the Beaufort Scale and its wind-speed codes: the marine version in 1805 and the land version later. In the 1920s when anemometers had come into general use, the Beaufort Scale was quantified by a formula based on experiment. In the early 1970s two tornado wind-speed scales were proposed: (1) an International T-Scale based on the Beaufort Scale; and (2) Fujita's damage scale developed for North America. The International Beaufort Scale and the T-Scale share a common root in having an integral theoretical relationship with an established scientific basis, whereas Fujita's Scale introduces criteria that make its intensities non-integral with Beaufort. Forces on the T-Scale, where T stands for Tornado force, span the range 0 to 10 which is highly useful world wide. The shorter range of Fujita's Scale (0 to 5) is acceptable for American use but less convenient elsewhere. To illustrate the simplicity of the decimal T-Scale, mean hurricane wind speed of Beaufort 12 is T2 on the T-Scale but F1.121 on the F-Scale; while a tornado wind speed of T9 (= B26) becomes F4.761. However, the three wind scales can be uni-fied by either making F-Scale numbers exactly half the magnitude of T-Scale numbers [i.e. F′half = T / 2 = (B / 4) − 4] or by doubling the numbers of this revised version to give integral equivalence with the T-Scale. The result is a decimal formula F′double = T = (B / 2) − 4 named the TF-Scale where TF stands for Tornado Force. This harmonious 10-digit scale has all the criteria needed for world-wide practical effectiveness.     

On the forecast of the onset and end of the convective season in the Amazon

Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature (SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds. Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early) onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases. The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region. The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed. Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002     

流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用

本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用.     

由中国历史气候记录对季风导致唐朝灭亡说的质疑

2007年1月4日杂志发表了Yancheva等10人的题为"Influence of the intertropical convergence zone on the East-Asian monsoon"(热带辐合带对东亚季风的影响)的论文[1],这是德国波兹坦地学研究中心气候动力与沉积学科的主管豪格(G.H.Haug)率领的科研小组的一项成果,认为是季风的变化引起的长期干旱导致了唐朝的灭亡.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Low-level Jets in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River during the Mei-yu Season

Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230...     

Quantifying the uncertainty of the annular mode time scale and the role of the stratosphere

The impact of high resolution modern vegetation cover on the West African climate is examined using the International Centre for Theoretical Physics Regional Climate Model implementing the NCAR Community Land Model. Two high resolution 25 km long-term simulations driven by the output from a coarser 50-km resolution simulation are performed for the period 1998–2010. One high resolution simulation uses an earlier and coarser-resolution version of plant functional type distribution and leaf area index, while the other uses a more recent, higher-quality, and finer-resolution version of the data. The results indicate that the new land cover distribution substantially alters the distribution of temperature with warming in Central Nigeria, northern Gulf of Guinea and part of the Sahel due to the replacement of C4 grass with corn; and cooling along the coastlines of the Gulf of Guinea and in Central Africa due to the replacement of C4 grass with tropical broadleaf evergreen trees. Changes in latent heat flux appear to be largely responsible for these temperature changes with a net decrease (increase) in regions of warming (cooling). The improved land cover distribution also results in a wetter monsoon season. The presence of corn tends to favor larger precipitation amounts via more intense events, while the presence of tropical broadleaf evergreen trees tends to favor the occurrence of both more intense and more frequent events. The wetter conditions appear to be sustained via (1) an enhanced soil moisture feedback; and (2) elevated moisture transport due to increased low-level convergence in regions south of 10N where the most substantial land cover differences are present. Overall the changes induced by the improved vegetation cover improve, to some extent, the performance of the high resolution regional climate model in simulating the main West African summer monsoon features.