“好运北京”决策气象服务社会效益调查评估与分析

通过对2007年“好运北京”系列体育赛事活动期间的北京奥组委、市政部门、赛场技术专家等高端决策用户的调查评估,发现决策用户对气象信息的需求呈现出一定的规律。通过分析,发现其基本符合马斯洛（Maslow）需求层次理论。调查分析表明：对于大型赛事活动,决策用户不仅对气象信息的预报准确率有较高的要求,而且对气象信息的时间空间分辨率和发布渠道等方面也有更深层次的需求。因此,决策气象服务不仅要注重预报准确率,同时要通过不断地对用户需求的调查分析,努力提高决策服务的针对性、及时性和有效性。该评估工作为气象部门进一步全面提高服务质量提供了新的思路和建议。     

2010年陕西决策部门气象服务需求调查分析

将2010年陕西省级决策部门高端用户调查问卷数据资料归为5类综合指标,利用天气服务用户满意度指数CSIWS模型,计算综合指标的期望值和满意值,并据此分析决策气象服务的需求度、覆盖度和满意度。结果表明:2010年陕西省级决策用户群满意度指数达95.83%,比2009年上升2.42%,其中气象信息为决策工作提供帮助并带来效益排第一,满意度指数98.10%,预报预警服务的满意度指数明显低于其他指标,是今后决策气象服务工作改进的重点。     

陕西2019年省级决策气象服务评估

采用国际通用调查评估方法,利用气象服务用户满意度指数CSIWS模型（customer satisfaction index of weather service）,从气象服务满意度、气象产品需求度和气象服务覆盖度三个维度对调查结果进行评估分析。结果表明：（1）2019年省级高端用户群对决策气象服务综合满意度指数为9284%,较2018年、2017年分别提高122、007个百分点;气象服务为防灾减灾救灾和经济社会发展提供了坚强保障,得到各级领导和相关部门的充分肯定和认可。（2）气象服务的发展必须要紧跟社会发展潮流,加强气象服务与云计算、大数据、物联网、人工智能等技术的融合,切实满足用户个性化需求。（3）在巩固抓好暴雨、高温等传统灾害性天气预报预警服务的同时,必须加强冰雹等强对流天气的决策服务。（4）以秦智网格预报系统深度研发为基础,继续加大短临预警服务系统的研发,切实增强短临天气服务主动性和产品可用性。（5）智慧气象APP、气象官微等融媒体发展是未来拓展气象服务手段的优先方向,要通过大众化、网络化的语言来包装气象服务产品,改进服务产品的结构和表现形式,巩固扩大用户群体,最大限度发挥气象服务效益。     

国庆60周年庆祝活动气象服务满意度评估

中华人民共和国成立60周年庆祝活动是一项重要的大型活动,做好该活动的气象服务保障具有重要意义。为了不断地提高气象服务水平,有必要通过开展气象服务满意度评估等工作,深入了解重大活动气象服务用户的需求和满意度情况,从用户角度对重大活动气象服务进行评价并提出改进措施。该研究采用国际通用的满意度调查评估方法,分析决策用户对气象部门服务的针对性、产品质量属性、服务方式、现场服务能力、预警服务、应急保障服务和总体气象服务效益等认知度。结果显示,决策服务用户满意度指数平均为97%,其中,对高影响天气预报服务的满意度指数为93%,与其期望度之间还存在一定的差距（6.7%）。研究分析表明,国庆60周年庆祝活动气象服务以较高水平满足了决策用户群的需求,同时,在高影响天气预报预警等方面还有待进一步提高服务水平,并给出有针对性的对策建议。通过开展该评估工作,有助于气象部门深入细致地了解气象服务效果及其差距,为今后做好重大活动气象服务积累经验。     

威海市决策气象服务系统

引言做好各级政府及有关领导部门的决策气象服务 ,防灾减灾 ,造福人民 ,是气象服务工作的重点之一。计算机及网络技术的普及和发展 ,为有效地做好重大天气决策服务 ,明确责任 ,规范工作流程 ,提高决策服务水平 ,并将丰富的气象产品直观、及时地提供给各级领导 ,当好领导的参谋 ,提供了更加完备的技术条件。威海市气象局在多年实践的基础上 ,研制了威海市决策气象服务系统 ,在实际业务中取得一定的成效。1　决策气象服务系统综述决策气象服务系统由决策气象服务实施方案、威海市气候资料查询、预报产品分发、专项服务、专业用户和特别提示 6…     

广州气象决策服务APP的设计与实现

首先分析了广州气象决策服务的方式及现状,针对决策信息传达与接收环节中的被动型与模糊性等不足之处,根据用户对APP的功能性与个性化需求,形成移动端的解决方案,重点体现气象实况数据查询和统计功能以及专项活动保障模块,就关键技术环节的处理提出了技术实现方式。APP功能全面,界面操作便捷,截止到目前为止,共有约630名决策者或业务人员成为APP注册用户,在2019年汛期气象保障服务中,系统运行稳定,显著提升了气象决策工作的灵活性,用户反馈良好。     

基层公共气象服务工作探讨

公共气象服务指气象部门使用各种公共资源或公共权力,向政府决策部门、社会公众、生产部门提供气象信息和技术,并让用户了解和掌握一定气象科学知识,将气象服务信息和技术应用于自身的决策、管理和生产生活实践的过程。     

努力打造商洛公共气象服务名片

1公共气象服务范畴 气象服务属于公共服务范畴,公共气象服务是气象服务的重要组成部分,主要包括决策气象服务、公众气象服务、专业气象服务和科技服务,其范畴随着时代发展、需求引领不断延伸、演变和丰富。决策气象服务是指为当地党政领导和有关部门决策所提供的气象服务,对经济社会发展、国家安全和可持续发展具有举足轻重的作用。     

国家气象计算网格的设计与建立

气象部门内高性能计算资源与支持能力具有地域分布不均匀的特点,地方部门与国家级单位相比,在资源丰富程度和开发应用水平上都存在较大差距。针对气象部门国家级、地方单位的资源整合、共享和管理的需求,该文提出了一个国家气象计算网格的设计方案。设计方案采用国家级、区域、省级三级节点布局,通过跨广域范围的气象宽带网互联,基于整合的资源平台设置了资源管理、应用服务和用户接口等功能层模块。利用UNICORE等关键技术,开发实现了气象计算网格软件模块。建成了一个全国分布的6个网格节点,提供网格中间件和定制业务运行两种资源共享服务方式。业务运行以来,为资源匮乏地区的气象用户共享分发预报服务产品,为当地的减灾防灾工作做出了贡献。     

2018年我国灾害性天气及决策气象服务分析

灾害性天气的总结是研究其形成机理和变化规律的基础,也是提高预报预测准确率的有效途径,而决策气象服务是围绕天气变化进行的一项有中国特色的特殊服务,是政府部门科学决策的依据,工作对象的特殊性决定了天气预报预测能力需要不断提升和增强,决策气象服务技术需要不断改进和创新。通过对2018年全国灾害性天气特征和决策气象服务工作进行归纳、分析,并结合业务实际和未来发展,探讨性地提出改进措施,旨在建立灾害性天气和决策气象服务的内在联系,增强业务人员对天气变化规律的认知和对决策气象服务的深度理解,以预报发展推动服务水平提升,以服务需求促进预报技术提高,从而更好地发挥新形势下的决策参谋作用。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

Information for Authors

正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

Information for Authors

AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.