成都平原的形成与演化

成都平原是位于青藏高原东南侧前缘的第四纪压陷盆地，东西两侧分别被龙泉山和龙门山所限。研究表明，成都平原的第四纪断陷作用从大邑－彭县－绵竹隐伏断裂和浦江－新津－成都－德阳断裂所夹的北东向断块的为民陷开始，然后向东西两侧扩展。不同断裂在不同时代的逆冲运动对成都平原的形成和演化起重要的制约作用。     

龙门山后山断裂汶川M_S8.0地震地表破裂带

2008年汶川Ms8．0地震发生之后,多方研究者开展了汶川震区地表破裂实地调查。已发表的调查结果论证汶川地震地表破裂带沿龙门山构造带中央断裂和前山断裂分布。本文作者近期沿龙门山后山活动断裂开展了踏勘性调查。调查结果表明,除龙门山中央断裂带和前山断裂带出现汶川地震的地表破裂带之外,位于龙门山构造带后山断裂（汶川-茂县断裂）存在另一条长约100km、     

龙泉山西麓晚第四纪以来的沉积及构造意义

龙泉山西麓山前晚第四纪沉积发现两套不同类型的粘土沉积,这为研究沉积和构造的关系提供了载体。通过详细的野外地质调查、粒度和钻孔分析,结果表明:成都粘土在龙泉山西麓主要分布在洛带以北的地区,形成于晚更新世晚期,属于近源的风成沉积。柏合粘土在龙泉山西麓主要分布在洛带和太平镇之间,物源来自于龙泉山,属于静水环境条件下的沉积。龙泉山西麓第四纪沉积物形成时代及厚度的变化反映了来自于龙门山的挤压力是持续的和非均匀性的,其潜在的地震风险性应引起足够的重视。     

汶川8．0级地震前龙门山断裂带的近场“闭锁”

由于地貌和交通条件的限制,在跨龙门山断裂带区域只有短水准监测场地。多年持续监测的七盘沟和耿达场地跨龙门山后山断裂,灌县和双河场地跨龙门山前山断裂等4个短水准场地,而在龙门山中央断裂上没有监测场地。根据跨龙门山后山和前山断裂的4个短水准场地监测资料计算分析,在2008年5月12日汶川8．0级地震前,测量成果显示：龙门山后山断裂的近场速率为0．03mm／a,     

青藏高原东缘龙门山断裂带南西段地震危险性分析

2008年5月12日汶川8.0级大地震发生在位于青藏高原东缘、南北地震带中段的龙门山断裂带中北段,该地震破裂自初始破裂点开始,沿龙门山断裂带中央及前山断裂呈NE向单侧扩展;龙门山断裂带南西段在本次地震中并未参与活动.     

汶川8.0级地震前龙门山断裂带及邻近区域的震间形变与发震机理

利用跨龙门山后山和前山断裂的短水准监测资料、龙门山区域GPS和水准测量资料,结合龙门山及邻近区域的地震构造、以及2008年汶川8.0级地震前的中小地震活动等信息进行分析,研究汶川地震前横跨龙门山断裂带的震间(震前)地壳形变特征,探讨引起发震断裂近场和远场形变的构造活动与动力学模式,并由此认识汶川地震的孕育与成因机制,以及该地震破裂的发生机理.     

四川活动断裂的区域性特征及其与板块构造的关系

四川是我国多地震的省份。史前地震、历史地震和现代地震资料表明，四川的强烈地震无不沿晚第四纪以来有强烈活动的断裂带发生。不同强度的地震带在很大程度上与断裂的晚第四纪活动性程度相对应。活动断裂的区域特征表明，四川的活动断裂具有明显的空间分布规律性。强活动断裂分布在晚第四纪运动断块的边缘及断块内部，四川盆地内部的断裂活动性甚微。不仅如此，地质资料和断裂活动年代样品的测定结果反映了四川的活动断裂不仅具有向西部活动强度明显增大的特点，而且断裂活动的时代也有向西部逐渐更新的趋势。这种现象揭示四川断裂运动的动力来源主要来自西部印度板块的推挤，但这种推挤作用有减弱之势。活动断层上的断陷盆地，拉分盆地及断错地貌现象的研究表明，四川的主要活动断裂在中、晚更新世发生过断层性质和断层运动方向的改变。这一改变使断块的水平移动变为晚第四纪以来的主要地壳运动方式，对四川及西南地区的构造应力场，断裂运动及地震活动性产生重要的影响。联系到我国西部广大地区断层运动学特征的区域性同步变化，高原物质的横向扩展可能具有重要的控制作用。西藏高原南部广泛发育的南北向拉张构造及其控制的第四纪盆地以及西藏高原中部的大型共轭断裂系所控制的第四纪盆地沉积物时代     

基于青衣江变形河流阶地研究龙门山断裂带南段的构造活动性

龙门山断裂带南段第四纪沉积差,断层出露不明显,晚第四纪构造活动性资料零星。为了提高对龙门山断裂带南段构造活动性的认识,探索芦山地震的发震构造,文中在分析龙门山断裂带南段的地貌以及构造演化的基础上,对跨盐井-五龙断裂、大川-双石断裂和芦山盆地的青衣江不同段的6级河流阶地进行了差分GPS连续测量和细致研究,结合对高分辨率航拍影像的地质解译,得到了龙门山断裂带南段青衣江各段的河流阶地横剖面,通过不同河段河流阶地的对比分析,建立了龙门山断裂带南段青衣江河流阶地纵剖面。通过对河流阶地的变形分析,发现龙门山断裂带南段晚第四纪以来,盐井-五龙断裂的平均垂向断错速率为0.6~1.2mm/a,大川-双石断裂没有明显的垂向活动,芦山地震的发震断层控制的山前褶皱最新活动。结合龙门山断裂带南段的地壳深部结构资料和芦山地震的精定位余震资料等,认为芦山地震的发震构造不是大川-双石断裂,而是龙门山断裂带南段的山前盲逆断层和反冲断层。     

张家口-蓬莱断裂带地震构造特征的初步探讨

北西向张家口－蓬莱断裂带由近２０条北西至北西西向断裂组成,是一条对新生代区域地质构造发育起到重要控制作用的地壳构造带。断裂带新生代活动由中部向西北和东南部发展,总体表现左旋走滑性质。断裂带有山西断陷盆地带等几条北东向活动构造带与之交汇,形成北西和北东向两组断裂相互交切的构造组合,出现５个复杂的构造交接段。６级以上强震和大多数中小地震群集于这些地段,其中北西和北东向断裂都可能发生地震,显示共轭破裂错动特征,但北东向断裂发生的地震强度较大。张北－尚义６．２级地震发生于断裂带与山西断陷盆地带交接段的西缘,是断裂带向西北扩展的结果     

龙门山断裂带南段错断晚更新世以来地层的证据

在野外实地考察基础上,研究人工开挖剖面并使用现代测年技术后,发现龙门山断裂带南段的前山断裂和中央断裂自晚更新世以来发生过强烈的活动。可以分辩出龙门山前山断裂南段大川- 双石断裂错断距今5-74 万a 以来的冲积层,垂直位移1-74m ;中央断裂南段五龙断裂在错断距今9 万a 左右的冲洪积地层后,被距今约7-85 万a 的坡积层覆盖,剖面上地层的垂直位移为0-73m     

Main Feature and Potential Seismic Capability of Active Fault Belts in the Chengdu Depression

Chengdu fault depression is an important Quaternary basin in the piedmont of Longmenshan mountain.Formation and evolution of the fault depression are entirely controlled by the Longmenshan piedmont fault and the Longquanshan fault.Since the late Quaternary,Chengdu fault depression has been subjected to an NW-SE oriented compression.Many NE or NNE trending faults inside the depression or near its margins show thrust slip,resulting in moderate and strong earthquakes along the piedmont Longmenshan fault,the western slop Longquanshan fault,and Pujiang-Xinjin-Chengdu-Deyang fault.It is indicated that three faults as mentioned above have the potential capability for the occurrence of moderate earthquakes.     

龙门山及其邻区的构造和地震活动及动力学

论述了龙门山推覆构造带、岷山隆起、成都平原和龙泉山地区的构造和地震活动，讨论了构造活动特点和演化历史，并分析了它们的形成机制和动力学问题     

龙门山南段前缘地区活褶皱-逆断层运动学机制——以芦山地震为例

2013年4月20日发生在龙门山南段的芦山MS7.0地震是继发生在龙门山中北段的汶川MS8.0地震之后的又一次强震。本文通过震后地表变形特征、余震分布、震源机制解、石油地震勘探剖面、历史地震数据等资料,结合前人对龙门山南段主干断裂、褶皱构造特征的研究以及野外实地考察,应用活动褶皱及"褶皱地震"的相关理论,初步分析芦山地震的发震构造模式。认为芦山地震为典型的褶皱地震,发震断裂为前山或山前带一隐伏断裂。构造挤压产生的地壳缩短大部分被褶皱构造吸收。认为龙门山南段前缘地区具有活褶皱-逆断层的运动学特征,表明龙门山逆冲作用正向四川盆地内部扩展。     

Segmentation of Active Faults and Risk Probability Prediction of Strong Earthquakes in Sichuan Province

Based on geometric structure,active strength,and maximum seismic rupture length along the fault in the late Quaternary or Holocene,this paper presents the segmentation of main active faults in Sichuan Province and uses the recurrence probability model to predict the recurrence probabilities of strong earthquakes along each segment during next 30 years.The results indicate that earthquakes with M=7.0 or greater may happen along Qiajiao segment,Qianning segment,and Selaha segment of Xianshuihe fault zone,the segment from Xichang to Mianning and Yejidong segment of Anninghe fault zone; earthquakes with M=6.0 or greater may happen along the segment from Maowen to Caopuo of Longmenshan fault zone and Xiaoyanjing segment of Anninghe fault zone.     

四川活断层分段与强震危险性概率预测

本文主要根据断层的几何结构、活动强度与断层上最大地震破裂长度等对四川境内几主要活断层的晚第四纪，特别是全新世以来的活动性进行了分段，并采用概率复发模型对各活动段在未来３０年内强震的复发概率进行了预测。     

THRUST OF THE SOUTHERN LONGMENSHAN FAULT IN THE LATE QUATERNARY REVEALED BY RIVER LANDFORMS

The Longmenshan fault zone is divided into three sections from south to north in the geometric structure. The middle and northern segments are mainly composed of three thrust faults, where the deformation of foreland is weak. The geometric structure of the southern segment is more complex, which is composed of six fault branches, where the foreland tectonic deformation is very strong. The Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake occurred in the middle of the Longmenshan in 2008, activating the bifurcation of two branches, the Yingxiu-Beichuan and the Guixian-Jiangyou faults. In 2013, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake occurred in the southern Longmenshan, whose seismogenic structure was considered to be a blind fault. After the Lushan earthquake, the seismic hazard in the southern Longmenshan has been widely concerned. At present, the studies on active tectonics in the southern Longmenshan are limited to the Dachuan-Shuangshi and the Yanjing-Wulong faults. The Qingyi River, which flows across the southern Longmenshan, facilitates to study fault slip by the deformation of river terraces. Based on satellite imagery and high-resolution DEM analysis, we measured the fluvial terraces along the Qingyi river in detail. During the measurement, the Sichuan network GPS system (SCGNSS)was employed to achieve a precision of centimeter grade. Besides, the optical luminescence dating (OSL)method was employed to date the terraces' ages. And the late Quaternary activities of the six branch faults in the southern Longmen Shan were further analyzed. The Gengda-Longdong, Yanjing-Wulong and the Xiao Guanzi faults (west branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault)all show thrust slip and displaced the terrace T₂. Their average vertical slip rates in the late Quaternary are 0.21-0.30mm/a, 0.12-0.21mm/a and 0.10-0.12mm/a, respectively. Since the Late Quaternary, vertical slip of the east branch of the Dachuan-Shuangshi fault was not obvious, and the arc-like Jintang tectonic belt was not active. Crustal shortening rate of the southern Longmenshan thrust fault zone in the late Quaternary is 0.48-0.77mm/a, which equals about half of the middle segment of the Longmenshan. Based on the previous study on the tectonic deformation of the foreland, we consider that the foreland fold belt in the southern Longmenshan area has absorbed more than half of the crustal shortening. The three major branch faults in the southern Longmenshan are active in the late Quaternary, which have risk of major earthquakes.     

从石油人工地震资料分析成都平原地震地质背景的新认识

根据近 2 0余年来四川地震、石油部门积累的四川盆地及邻区的地震地质调查、强震及中强地震震例总结、成都凹陷人工地震勘探普查与详查的工作成果 ,一方面研究了所揭示的成都凹陷及邻区的隐伏构造类型与展布范围 ,尤其是对成都—德阳间是否存在“隐伏断裂”作了详细的厘定 ,资料表明NE向的新津断裂向北消止于双流县彭镇以南 ;另一方面研究了活动断裂与地震活动的成生关系及相应的活动特征 ,其中最重要的是将浅表断裂和深层地腹型断裂加以明确的区分和圈定 ,提出了5种发震断裂类型。综合上述认识 ,划出了成都凹陷强震潜在震源区。研究认为 :成都—德阳一线两侧宽 4 0km、长百余公里的地带 ,具有稳定的地震地质环境和良好的工程地震条件     

龙门山断裂带晚第四纪活动性分段的初步研究

NE向展布于松潘-甘孜造山带与扬子陆块之间的龙门山断裂带,是由后山断裂等4条主干断裂及其控制的冲断构造岩片组成的具前展式发育特点的推覆构造带。它形成于印支运动,此后多次活动,第四纪以来活动强烈,但不同地段活动程度具有明显的非均一性。根据地貌、地质构造、布格重力异常和地震活动等资料的综合分析研究认为:1)以位于虎牙—北川—安县一线的近SN向虎牙断裂和擂东断裂为界划分出断裂带西南段和东北段,其活动性迥然不同,西南段晚更新世以来活动强烈,中小地震频繁;东北段第四纪活动微弱,仅偶有小震分布。2)在青藏高原被挤压隆升和块体侧向滑移的作用下,川青地块向SEE滑动,使它东缘发育的岷山隆起与被其截切的龙门山断裂带西南段一起构成了川青地块东部的活动边界,而龙门山断裂带东北段则被遗弃     

USING DEFORMED FLUVIALTERRACES OF THE QINGYIJIANG RIVER TO STUDY THE TECTONIC ACTIVITY OF THE SOUTHERN SEGMENT OF LONGMENSHAN FAULT ZONE

On 20 April 2013, a destructive earthquake, the Lushan M_S7.0 earthquake, occurred in the southern segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone, the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau in Sichuan, China. This earthquake did not produce surface rupture zone, and its seismogenic structure is not clear. Due to the lack of Quaternary sediment in the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and the fact that fault outcrops are not obvious, there is a shortage of data concerning the tectonic activity of this region. This paper takes the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River as the research target, which runs through the Yanjing-Wulong Fault, Dachuan-Shuangshi Fault and Lushan Basin, with an attempt to improve the understanding of the tectonic activity of the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone and explore the seismogenic structure of Lushan earthquake. In the paper, the important morphological features and tectonic evolution of this area were reviewed. Then, field sites were selected to provide profiles of different parts of the Qingyijiang River terraces, and the longitudinal profile of the terraces of the Qingyijiang River in the south segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was reconstructed based on geological interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, continuous differential GPS surveying along the terrace surfaces, geomorphic field evidence, and correlation of the fluvial terraces. The deformed longitudinal profile reveals that the most active tectonics during the late Quaternary in the south segment of the Longmenshan Fault zone are the Yanjing-Wulong Fault and the Longmenshan range front anticline. The vertical thrust rate of the Yanjing-Wulong Fault is nearly 0.6~1.2mm/a in the late Quaternary. The tectonic activity of the Longmenshan range front anticline may be higher than the Yanjing-Wulong Fault. Combined with the relocations of aftershocks and other geophysical data about the Lushan earthquake, we found that the seismogenic structure of the Lushan earthquake is the range front blind thrust and the back thrust fault, and the pop-up structure between the two faults controls the surface deformation of the range front anticline.