北部湾海域地震构造背景研究

本文从构造背景、断裂构造、地球物理场、地震活动性和震源机制等方面,分析了北部湾双震的发震构造条件,认为北东东向的乌石凹陷边界断裂为主要发震构造,而北西向断裂仅起到应力集中和调节作用。同时本文还认为,北部湾盆地内的地震活动主要与晚新生代沉降中心相关,且次级凹陷——北东-北东东向边界断裂是重要的发震构造,而其较大弧度的转折部位或与北西向断裂交汇部位是重要的发震部位。     

利用密集台阵近震层析成像研究云南宾川上地壳速度结构

滇西北宾川盆地是发育于红河断裂和程海断裂交汇处的晚新生代张扭断陷盆地,该区活动断裂发育且历史地震比较活跃.对宾川盆地及邻区进行高精度浅层和上地壳精细结构研究,有助于深入认识该区主要发震构造的深浅部特征.基于2017年在宾川盆地及其附近开展的为期2个月的密集台阵观测数据,我们对该区96个小震共拾取了117221条初至P波和5475条初至S波震相,并利用simul2000开展了地震重定位和体波层析成像研究.结果表明：（1）小震活动主要集中在宾川盆地东缘断裂的弧形转折部位,并在洱海南侧呈现沿北东向断裂的条带状分布现象,反映了区域上近南北向至北东向断裂是主要控震构造,其次是北西向断裂带.（2）0 km的速度分布与区域地形有很好的对应关系.山地呈现高速异常,宾川盆地呈现低速异常.从3 km至9 km,高低速分界与断层有很好的对应,并且越往深部,近南北向至北北东向的宾川盆地东缘断裂在上地壳构造的控制作用越明显.（3）上地壳层析成像结果同时揭示了宾川盆地东缘断裂的三维形态变化在空间上呈现出南北部倾角大、中部倾角缓的变化特征,可能与区域地块的旋转变形过程有关.（4）综合高精度浅层速度结构和地震重定位结果可知,区域上的近南北向至北北东向断裂正逐步取代北西向构造,成为主要的区域分界断裂和控震构造.新的研究结果为深入理解该区的主要控震构造及其深部结构特征提供了重要依据.     

辽宁省主要活动断层与地震活动特征分析

本文结合编制 1：100 万辽宁省地震构造图,分析了辽宁省近 20 年来地震构造环境相关研究成果,确定辽宁地区共有第四纪以来活动断裂 29 条：全新世断裂 1 条;晚更新世断裂 5 条;早、中更新世断裂 23 条。其中北东向晚更新世活动断裂和北西向全新世活动断裂为辽宁地区的主要控震、发震构造。北东向晚更新世活动断裂与北西向断裂交汇部位、海城河隐伏断裂的端点部位和鸭绿江断裂南西端黄海海域是未来发生中强地震的主要部位。本研究可为深入研究辽宁地区地震构造条件、编制第五代全国地震区划图提供基础资料。     

2010年4月玉树M_S7.3地震序列的断层结构

利用双差定位方法对玉树地震序列2010年4月14日至10月31日间发生的ML≥1.0地震进行双差定位,得到1545个地震的重定位结果.综合分析地震双差定位结果和玉树地震序列中强地震震源机制解,发现玉树MS7.3地震发震构造由北西向和北东东向两条相交断层组成,主震发生在北西走向的甘孜—玉树断裂带上,5月29日的MS5.9余震序列发生在北东东走向的一条隐伏断裂上,两条断裂均接近直立.甘孜—玉树断裂是羌塘地块和巴彦喀拉地块的构造边界,由于羌塘地块和巴颜喀拉地块的差异运动使甘孜—玉树断裂强耦合段应力高度积累,在应变能超过岩石强度时破裂失稳发生了MS7.3地震.主震断层的左旋滑动导致北东东向断层的正应力减小,库伦应力增加,45天后触发了MS5.9余震序列的活动.     

江苏及其周边地区断裂活动性与地震关系的分析

江苏及其周边地区的断裂带按其展布方向可以分为北东向、北西向、北北东向和近东西向4组,其中北西向、北北东向及东西向的断裂带发育时代新、活动性强,并多处切割了北东向断裂带,是该区重要的控震、发震断裂构造。通过分析现有资料认为,江苏及其周边地区具备发生Ms≥6．0级中强地震的地质构造条件。     

海城、盖州地区地震震源机制及一致性参数特征研究

本文选取辽宁海城、 盖州地区(40°~41°N, 122°~123°E)作为研究区, 利用广义极性振幅技术(GPAT)方法, 反演得到研究区2012—2017年6月共184个地震震源机制解, 并利用Misfit角度分析震源机制一致性参数特征。 研究结果表明: ① 研究区地震震源机制解以走滑型和正断型为主。 海城地区地震震源机制解以NW—SE向节面的左旋走滑型和NWW向节面的正断型为主。 发震构造以NW向海城河断裂为主, NE向节面为主的地震可能受到NE向金州断裂带的控制。 ② 青石岭地区的发震构造为与九寨—盖县北段共轭的NW向未知断裂, 西海域的地震活动可能是NE向的雁式断裂和NW向共轭的未知断裂共同作用的结果。 ③ 震源机制一致性结果显示, 一致性增强后发生了震级相对较大的地震。 研究区的震源机制一致性较强, 表明该区域的应力较为集中。 但由于2016年以来活动趋于平静, 尚难以根据震源机制解一致性程度做出当前应力状态的判断。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCAL MECHANISMS IN THE DOWNSTREAM RESERVOIR AREAS OF JINSHA RIVER

We select the Xiluodu-Wudongde reservoir area in the downstream of Jinsha River as the research area, and use the CAP and GPAT method to obtain focal mechanisms of M_L ≥ 2.0 earthquakes from 2016 to 2017 in this region. Then, we analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of focal mechanism solutions in each local region and investigate the relationship between seismicity and regional structures. According to 414 focal mechanism solutions we get following conclusions:1)The Xiluodu dam began to impound water on May 4, 2013, and seismicity increased significantly after impoundment. We get 49 focal mechanisms in the Xiluodu dam and its adjacent area which are dominated by thrust faulting and next by strike-slip faulting, which are mainly distributed near the middle section of the Ebian-Jinyang fault zone. The distribution of nodal planes striking in NNW to NE direction is consistent with that of regional faults, and some large earthquakes are controlled by regional structures. 2)There are 39 and 24 focal mechanisms obtained in the unimpounded Baihetan and Wudongde dams and adjacent areas, and the spatial distribution of focal mechanism solutions are relatively consistent, dominated by strike-slip faulting with a small amount of thrust and normal faulting. The sinistral strike-slip earthquakes are consistent with the activity of Xiaojiang fault zone and Puduhe-Xishan Fault. The strikes of the nodal planes are distributed discretely, and many groups of faults intersect with each other in the area, suggesting that the seismogenic environment is relatively complex. 3)The seismicity in Ludian continues to be active after the Ludian M6.5 earthquake. By the end of 2017, we got 260 focal mechanism solutions in the aftershock area of the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake of Aug 3rd, 2014, which show an "L-shape" in distribution and are dominated by thrust and strike-slip faulting. The long axis is distributed in EW direction, and the short axis is distributed in near NNW direction. The strikes of nodal planes are mainly near EW and near NE, and the nodal planes in the NW direction are less. According to characteristics of a large number of focal mechanism solutions, we deduce that there may exist a buried structure in the EW direction, the seismicity is controlled by different types of faults and the seismogenic structure is very complex. 4)The centroid depth in each region is concentrated in the range of 5~15km, indicating that the seismogenic layer in the study area is 5~15km deep in the middle and upper crust.     

2013年芦山MS7.0地震序列断层结构及震源区应力场特征

使用芦山地震序列2013年4月20日至5月20日一个月的地震震相数据和M_S4.0以上地震的波形数据, 通过双差定位方法得到了3398个地震的精定位结果, 利用时间域全波形反演方法得到17个地震的矩张量解。 综合分析地震双差定位结果和芦山地震序列中强地震震源机制解, 发现芦山地震发震构造由主震断层和次级反冲断层组成, 主震断层为一走向北东、 倾向北西、 倾角约为45°的高角度逆冲断层, 次级反冲断层与主震断层走向相同, 倾向相反, 两条断层均未出露地表。 主震和余震震源机制解均为逆冲型, 几乎没有走滑分量。 震源区主压应力方位为北西向, 与发震断层走向近乎垂直。     

华北平原周边北西向强震地表地震断层及全新世断裂活动特征

讨论了华北平原周边１９７５年海城地震，１９３７年荷泽地震及１８３０年磁县地震３次强震的地表地震破裂特征以及这３个地区北西向断裂的全新世活动。研究结果表明，尽管这３次强震地表破裂显示较弱，断续分布，仍反映了存在北西向地表破裂带，活动方式呈左旋走滑兼正倾滑。     

Tectonics and Seismicity of the Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon Region

The Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon region is located in the frontal zone of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, where neo-tectonics and seismicity are intensive and closely related to each other. In the region, two sets of fault structures have developed, striking NNE-NE and NWW-NW, respectively. Investigation shows that they differ markedly in terms of scope, property, active times and intensity. The NWW-NW trending faults are large in size, and most are thrust and thrust strike-slip faults, formed in earlier times. The NEE-NE-strike faults are relatively small in size individually, with concentrated distribution, constituting the NNE-trending shear extensional fault zone, which is relatively younger with evident late Quaternary activities. Strong earthquakes occur mainly in the areas or zones of intensive differential movement of the Himalayas, e.g. along the deep and large fault zones around the crustal blocks. Most earthquakes of M≥7.0 are closely related to tectonics, where large-scale Holocene active faults are distributed with complicated fault geometry, or the faults of multiple directions intersect. Among them, earthquakes of M≥7.5 have occurred on the NW and NE-trending faults with a greater strike-slip component in the fault tectonic zones.     

Spatial organization of seismicity and fracture pattern in NE Italy and W Slovenia

The study focuses on the spatial organization of seismicity and the relation between fracture pattern and earthquakes in the Friuli (north-eastern Italy) and western Slovenia seismic regions. The structural setting is characterized by a complex structure resulting from the superposition of several tectonic phases that generated NW-SE trending Dinaric faults and about E-W trending Alpine faults. The upper crust is characterized by lithological and mechanical heterogeneities. The fractal analysis shows that, in general, the seismicity only partially fills a plane. Only in a few cases, the earthquakes distribute on planar structures. The orientation of planes that fit through the hypocentres shows a different disposition at the two depth intervals analysed. The shallower interval (0–10 km) is characterized by planes with highly variable orientations. The spatial seismicity is investigated in the context of a general damage model, represented by the crack density distribution. The results evidence that the seismicity appears mostly located along sharp transition areas from low crack density to higher crack density, i.e., from zones of low damage to zones of intermediate damage. These zones are characterized by high heterogeneity due to the superposition of different tectonic phases and by the maximum interference between Dinaric and Alpine domains. The orientation of the planes fitting the seismicity at 10–20-km depth appears less dispersed, coinciding with the trend of Dinaric sub-vertical faults in the northern and eastern parts of the study area, and with Alpine low-angle faults in the western and southern parts.     

海丰震群发震构造型式的讨论

海丰震区发育着规模宏大的 NE 向海丰——梅陇断裂及一系列与其平行的次级断裂.同时,还存在与其共轭的断续分布的 NW 向断裂.震群中的三个子群的主震的震源机制解非常类似,其中一节面为 NE,另一节面为 NW.从余震的空间分布及极震区的长轴方向来看,2月26日 ML3.3和4月9日 MLL,4.2地震的断层面为 NE 向;而3月14日 ML,3.4地震,其断层面应取 NW 向.又据137个小震的四个台的 P 波初动符号的组合特征,可划分为八个类型并作出相应的迭加震源机制解.综上所述,本区破裂过程,主震及Ⅰ、Ⅳ 类地震是岩块沿NE 及 NW 向共轭构造的粘滑;Ⅱ——Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ 类地震是岩块在粘滑过程中对前后邻接岩块引起平行滑动方向的挤压(前)和引张(后)的转换应力场所产生的剪切破裂.      

1992年1月23日南黄海5.3级地震

据1992年1月23日南黄海5.3级地震序列及其分布、等烈度线、震中区地质构造特征,讨论了这次地震的发震构造及未来地震活动强度等问题     

云南地区强震前中小地震活跃—平静的定量计算

以累计频度定量计算方法 ,讨论了云南地区 1970年以来 ,各个强震孕震区的地震活动非线性度ZL值的时间进程曲线 ,系统计算了Ms≥ 6 3级强震前的ZL值曲线 ,结果表明 :强震前地震活动非线性度ZL值异常表现出的地震孕震区的地震平静—活跃或活跃—平静过程至少出现一次 ,且震例中的 83 %开始出现平静(活跃 )的时间为强震前 1～ 2 12 年 ,强震前半年左右结束出现活跃 (平静 )。     

2018年5月松原MS5.7地震序列发震断层及应力场特征

利用双差定位方法对2018年松原M_S5.7地震序列中M_L≥1.0地震重新定位，之后使用CAP方法求解松原M_S5.7地震序列中强地震的震源机制解，再借助MSATSI软件包反演得到松原地区的区域应力场。综合分析以上研究结果得到如下结论:① 松原M_S5.7地震序列发生在NW走向的第二松花江断裂与NE走向的扶余—肇东断裂交会处，将地震精定位结果沿两条断层走向作剖面分析，NW向剖面主轴长度约为5 km，震中分布均匀，NE向剖面主轴长度亦约为5 km，震中呈倾向NE的高倾角分布；② 该序列中的4次M_L≥3.7地震的震源机制解具有良好的一致性:节面Ⅰ走向为NE向，节面Ⅱ走向为NW向，均为高倾角走滑断层。中强地震的震源机制节面解与第二松花江断裂性质基本一致，由此推断第二松花江断裂是本次松原地震的发震断层；③ 松原地区的主压应力方位角为N86°E，倾角为7°，主张应力方位角为N24°E，倾角为71°。松原地区的区域应力场既受到大尺度的板块构造运动的控制，又受到区域构造运动的影响。在太平洋板块对北东亚板块向西俯冲作用下，东北地区产生了近EW向的主压应力，受周边地质构造控制，松辽盆地内NE向断裂与NW向断裂交会处易发生走滑型地震，2018年松原M_S5.7地震正是在这种构造作用控制下发生的中强地震。      

Determination of Scenario Earthquakes for Zigong City

Ujsing deterministic methods in combination with probabilistic methods,the authors havestudied in detail the seismogeological background,seismogfnic faults and their abilities ingenerating earthquakes,the temporal and spatial distribution features of seismicity;predicted the seismicity tendency in future 50 years;and studied the expected magnitude andexpected distance of destructive earthquakes that may attack Zigong City.On such a basis,2scenario earthquakes have been determined for Zigong City.The results would be helphl forthe lecal government and authorities to work out a great earthquake emergency pre-plan andto estaplish the great earthquake fast-response system.     

2019年四川长宁MS6.0地震序列重定位和震源特征分析

采用双差定位方法对2019年1月1日至2019年10月20日期间四川区域台网记录到的地震进行重定位，得到7 030个重定位事件，并获得了四川长宁M_S6.0地震序列较准确的空间分布，并据此计算了震后长宁震源区的平均b值，分析了地震序列的活动性；利用近震全波形拟合方法获得了主震及4次M_S≥5.0地震的震源机制解和矩心深度，初步分析了本次地震序列的发震构造，获得如下主要结果:① 四川长宁余震序列呈NW?SE向分布，余震深度分布整体呈现出西深东浅的趋势，且西部地区地震的频度远远高于东部地区；② b值空间分布显示，震后长宁地区呈现出明显的挤压构造环境；③ 主震和4次震级较大余震的矩心深度均较浅，尽管均为逆冲型为主的地震事件，但破裂面走向有所差异；④ 推测主震及中强余震是长宁背斜地区既有断裂或者同震过程中所产生的新生断层长期受到外力挤压而错断所致。      

DISCUSSION ON THE SEISMOGENIC STRUCTURE OF ZHAN-JIANG BAY AREA FROM THE VIEW OF DEEP FAULT SYSTEM INTERPRETED BASED ON THE GRAVITY DATA

The neotectonics in Zhanjiang Bay area is almost the inferred faults and there are not any active faults seen on the ground surface. So it is difficult for research on the seismogenic structure. This paper analyzes and interpretes the gravity data that can reflect the feature of deep faults and then discusses the seismogenic structure of Zhanjiang Bay area in combination with its geology and earthquake activity. There is a huge NEE-trending high gravity gradient belt lying in the coastal region among Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan, and Zhanjiang Bay is located in this gravity gradient belt. We analyzed and interpreted more than eighty images obtained with many different methods one by one, then, got the result that Zhanjiang Bay area is embraced by two giant fault belts trending in the NEE and NW direction respectively, and its interior is crossed over by the NE-trending fault belt. These three fault belts are well shown in the gravity images, especially the NEE-trending fault belt and NW one. The gravity isolines and gradient belts or the thick black stripes of the NEE-and NW-trending fault belts are displayed apparently. Also, these gravity structures are good in continuity, extend vastly and cut deeply. What is more, the NEE-trending fault belt plays a leading and region-controlling part. It shows good continuity, and cuts off the NW-and NE-trending faults frequently and intensively. The NW-trending fault belt also is good in continuity and cuts the NEE-and NE-trending faults relatively frequently and strongly, but it is restricted by the NEE-trending one. Last, the continuity of the NE-trending fault is worse and the strength cutting off NE-and NW-trending faults is significantly weak, just in some segments and in the shallow positions. According to the characteristics above and combined with the analyses of geological structure and earthquake activity, the conclusion can be drawn that the NEE-trending fault is the controlling structure and the main seismogenic structure in Zhanjiang Bay area, and the NW-trending fault is the second one. They conjugate and act together. Therefore, Zhanjiang Bay has the tectonic condition for generating M_S=6.5 earthquakes.     

2014年温州珊溪M4.2水库地震研究

2014年8~11月,浙江省地震台网及水库监测台网利用高密度、高分辨率监测台站完整记录到温州珊溪水库地震序列活动3000多次,最大震级为M4.2。本文从3D震中定位、震源机制解并结合库区地质构造特征等对此地震序列进行了探讨。Hypo SAT地震定位法进行的定位结果线性拟合显示,主震发生在NW向断层,地震序列沿着活动断层密集成带,走向305°,倾向SW,倾角85°;采用P波初动符号方法得到了此次地震序列M3.5以上地震的平均震源机制解,节面B走向308°,倾角84°;野外地质调查研究表明,节面B的走向、倾角、倾向与双溪-焦溪断层产状基本一致;综合分析认为,NW向双溪-焦溪断层为此次地震的发震构造。     

京西北地区地震重定位分析

利用双差地震定位方法,针对京西北地区(39.5°—41.5°N,113.5°—116.5°E)2008—2016年记录的地震进行重新定位,最终得到1819次地震精定位结果。分析表明:地震密集区域多集中分布在NE和NW向断裂交汇区域,成条带的地震走向更加清晰,成簇性地震分布更加收敛,体现了断裂对震中分布具有较强的控制作用;震源深度优势分布主要集中在4—14 km范围,表明京西北地区地震主要发生在的中上地壳;震源深度剖面显示,在不同的地震密集区,孕震深度有一定差别,揭示了断裂的深部展布特征,反映了一些地区深部发震构造的复杂性。