安徽北淮阳构造变形带特征与应力状态研究

在分析安徽北淮阳构造变形带变形特征和活断层作用的基础上,利用该区现代中小地震资料,采用近震直达P波、S波垂直向最大振幅比方法、震源机制的系统聚类和统计分析法,反演部分地震震源机制,并分析现代中小地震活动特征及应力场状态。结果表明,北淮阳构造变形带上主要断层现今处于活动状态;现代中小地震震源总体较浅,在2次6级地震震中附近形成小震密集区,可能反映了震源区介质相对破碎。震源机制的系统聚类和统计分析结果显示,该区断层以走滑或斜滑型破裂为主,但存在倾滑的逆断层;区内应力作用方向以水平为主,也存在部分垂向力作用;主压应力P轴的优势分布为近EW向,其中既有华北应力场,也有华南应力场作用;有少量近NS向应力场作用存在。反映该区处于应力场过渡区,因此将其作为华北、南华地块区的边界是合理的。     

安徽淮河构造变形带及邻近块体现代构造应力场特征

安徽淮河构造变形带及其邻近块体是指华北断块南缘的安徽中北部地区,即通常所称的安徽淮河中游区.淮河中游区历史上发生过10次5级以上地震,最大为变形带上1831年凤台东北61/4级地震.该地区也是安徽现代中小地震较为活跃的地区,期间区内还发生了1979年固镇5.0级地震.     

地震前兆场物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究（二）──强震孕育时应力、应变场的演化与地震活动、地震前兆的关系

分别研究构造块体内有多个震源体和单个震源体孕育时．应力集中过程、时空分布规律及其与地震活动、地震前兆的关系．结果表明：①当区域应力场增强到相当水平时，破裂开始在某个或某些块体内发生，区域应力场将随着时间而变化，强震的成组性是这个动态应力场演变的结果．在此过程中，多个高应力集中区的存在与发展，有可能导致震前异常与地震关系的多样性；②孕震块体的应力变化过程一般显示出非线性，在经历了长期弹性变形后，从进入非弹性变形阶段到主破裂前，可能经历不止一次的非弹性变形与断层软化过程；与此相应，孕震块体中的应力、应变场要表现出复杂的时空演化图象；受应力、应变控制的地震前兆场必然表现出多方面的复杂性．     

华北断块区现代构造断裂的动力学问题的地震研究

通过华北断块区的地震活动、空间分布、地震断裂力学参数分析和剪切破裂带地震滑动速率及应力计算等研究了该地区现代构造断裂的动力学问题。基本结果如下: (1) 由地震活动及其分布所构成的深部地壳的现代断裂为一稳定的剪切破裂网络体系。 (2) 由震源机制资料得到本区地震断层多属走滑型和近走滑型,震源区主应力为水平力和近水平力。但斜滑型断层和倾滑型断层以及斜力和近垂直力也占有不可忽视的比例。 (3) 由地震矩估算出剪切破裂带的平均滑动速率均小于0.1厘米/年。 (4) 用中小地震估算本区地震构造力约为几十——几百巴量级     

青藏块体东北缘现今构造形变与蕴震特征

利用青藏块体东北缘近30年的精密水准网、跨断层形变测量网复测资料，以及近年来GPS观测分析结果，结合地质构造与地震活动，初步研究和探讨了区域构造形变与强震蕴育的一些特征．结果表明:① 本区现今构造形变时空分布很不均匀:主要边界断裂附近构造形变相对强烈，远离则衰减．垂直差异运动强度和变形状态随时间演变，水平运动与变形呈明显的挤压走滑特征；② 印度板块的北推碰撞引起的青藏块体持续NE 向挤压运动所产生的构造应力场，是本区构造形变与地震蕴育的主控应力．构造形变及地震活动的时空分布演化，与块体活动及区域构造应力场动态演化密切相关；③ 构造块体边界地带出现的垂直形变异常隆起与高梯度形变带，以及显著地断层形变异常，是块体运动受阻、构造应力场强化而蕴育强震的一个标志，往往伴随有６级左右及以上强震活动，但地震并不一定发生在运动幅度最大的部位．断层形变异常呈现趋势积累——加速——转折变化特征的地段及附近，往往是应变能积累、强震蕴育发生的场所．      

1997年玛尼地震对青藏川滇地区构造块体系统稳定性影响的三维DDA+FEM方法数值模拟

本文用三维非连续变形与有限元相结合（DDA+FEM）的方法,在青藏川滇地区三维构造块体相互制约的大背景中,通过用GPS资料做位移速率边界约束和震源机制约束,计算得到研究区的初始位移场和应力场与该地区GPS测量结果和震源机制分布结果基本一致.在此基础上进一步数值模拟1997年玛尼7.9级大震的发生过程,研究大震引起研究区各块体边界断层应力状态变化的特征.（1）发震断层两侧发生左旋走滑错动,最大水平位错大约7 m;（2）深部位错面上位错分布与用地震波资料震源反演的结果类似;（3）最大差应力变化等值线图与由星载D\|INSAR技术获取的地表形变场图像相似;（4）地表垂直位移表明地震断层面略向北逆冲.计算模拟得到了玛尼地震发生引起青藏川滇地区构造块体系统各边界断层上库仑破裂应力变化的分布,表明玛尼大震的发生除了使其发震断层的两端库仑破裂应力增大,应力进一步集中外,位于上地壳层上东昆仑断裂中段的2001年昆仑山8.1大震（H=11 km）发震断层段的库仑破裂应力增加约2 MPa,位于中地壳层上喀拉昆仑断裂带中的2008年改则6.9级地震（H=30 km）发震断层段的库仑破裂应力也增加约0.7 MPa,可见这两个已接近破裂强度地段的失稳对发生大震起了一定促进作用.研究结果也表明：作者发展的三维DDA+FEM方法能有效地用于大震活动与各构造块体相互作用关系的研究.     

燕山-渤海地震带的现今构造应力环境

应用中小地震的震源机制解资料,分析了燕山-渤海地震带现今构造应力场总体与分区特征.分析发现,该带现今构造应力场总体方向为:主压应力轴方位大约为70～80°,主张应力轴方位大约为340～350°;该带现今以水平、近于水平兼有一定斜向作用的主压应力为主.同时,结合有关资料分析了该带的地震活动.     

中国大陆内部走滑型发震构造的构造应力场特征

本文是笔者等中国大陆内部走滑型发震构造研究的系列论文之一。本文的第一部分根据大地震调查结果和最新的震源机制研究结果的大量数据, 讨论了中国及邻区大陆内部的发震构造。结果表明, 我国及邻区大陆内部不论在数量上、强度上、分布面积上, 占绝对优势的是走滑型地震, 进而强调了走滑型发震构造研究在地震危险性分析中的重要意义。第二部分讨论了走滑型发震构造的构造应力场特征, 以及根据各种性质断层面解的应力特征编制的中国及邻区大陆内部走滑型发震断层、正断层、逆断层的分布概况。      

地震前兆场物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(二) ——强震孕育时应力、应变场的演化与地震活动、地震前兆的关系x,auto,auto,415px);}style> hf=httprztl.com >business

分别研究构造块体内有多个震源体和单个震源体孕育时，应力集中过程、时空分布规律及其与地震活动、地震前兆的关系．结果表明:① 当区域应力场增强到相当水平时，破裂开始在某个或某些块体内发生，区域应力场将随着时间而变化，强震的成组性是这个动态应力场演变的结果．在此过程中，多个高应力集中区的存在与发展，有可能导致震前异常与地震关系的多样性；② 孕震块体的应力变化过程一般显示出非线性，在经历了长期弹性变形后，从进入非弹性变形阶段到主破裂前，可能经历不止一次的非弹性变形与断层软化过程；与此相应，孕震块体中的应力、应变场要表现出复杂的时空演化图象；受应力、应变控制的地震前兆场必然表现出多方面的复杂性.      

2021年5月21日漾濞MS6.4地震及周边的构造应力场特征和动力学意义

文中利用CAP方法计算了2021年5月21日漾濞地震序列M_S≥4.0地震的震源机制解，再结合收集到的周边历史地震的震源机制解，反演计算了漾濞地震及周边区域的构造应力场，并根据反演得到的应力张量模拟了漾濞地区的相对应力值大小和震源机制解分布情况。研究结果表明：1)研究区以走滑型地震为主，其次是正断型地震，地震集中分布于15km以浅的深度范围，主要发生在脆性上地壳。2)漾濞震源区的构造应力场属于典型的走滑应力结构，最大主应力方位为NNW-SSE向，与区域构造应力场基本一致。研究区的分区反演结果显示，最大主应力轴和最小主应力轴的方位从东北至西南呈现出顺时针旋转的趋势。区内川滇菱形块体、腾冲和保山等地块内部的应力方位分布一致性较好，块体边界带是应力发生偏转的部位，表现出一定的差异性，区域构造应力场受到不同块体间相互作用的影响。3)应力形因子R值的分布上大致表现为自西北向东南逐渐增大，说明物质运移所需的压应力相对变小，结合研究区的地质构造背景认为，地块(物质)的运动速度自西北向东南逐渐变缓。4)根据模拟计算的漾濞地震相对剪应力和相对正应力大小推测认为，漾濞地震是在区域构造应...     

论新疆活动构造特征与地震的关系(4)

中国西部在印度洋板块和欧亚板块的作用下,地壳形变十分强烈。新疆地区地壳形变受力方向为近南北—北北东向,南部地区受印度洋板块作用,北部地区则主要是受西伯利亚块体的作用,整体运动速率由南向北逐渐减弱,GPS测量结果得到的区域应力场分布和地震震源机制解与区域构造的展布及其活动表现都相吻合。     

西-海-固地区垂直形变分析及地震趋势研究

通过对西（吉）-海（原）-固（原）地区垂直形变场的演化分析表明:①90年代以来,垂直形变场升降差异运动减弱;②现今青藏亚板块对鄂尔多斯地块西南缘（西-海-固地区） 的 NE 方向挤压应力有所减弱,华北亚板块 SW 方向挤压应力有所加强;③鄂尔多斯块体周缘小震出现的活跃状态,可能是由于青藏亚板块挤压应力的减弱而造成鄂尔多斯块体水平挤压应力场的“失稳”,以及华北亚板块挤压应力相对增强的结果。     

Numerical simulations of deformation and movement of blocks within North China in response to 1976 Tangshan earthquake

Using methods of discontinuous deformation analysis and finite element (DDA+FEM), this paper simulates dynamic processes of the Tangshan earthquake of 1976, which occurred in the northern North China where its internal blocks apparently interacted. Studies focus upon both the movement and deformation of the blocks, in particular, the Ordos block, and variations of stress states on the boundary faults. The Tangshan earthquake was composed of three events: slipping motions of NNE-striking major fault, NE-striking fault near the northeastern end of the NNE-striking fault, and NW-striking fault on the southeastern side of the NNE-striking fault. Compared with previous studies, our model yields a result that is more agreeable with the configuration of aftershock distributions. A number of data are presented, such as the principle stress field during the earthquake, contours of the maximum shear stress, the strike-slip deformation between blocks near the earthquake focus, time-dependent variations of slips of earthquake-triggered faulting, the maximum slip distance, and stress drops. These results are in accord with the earthquake source mechanism, basic parameters from earthquake wave study, macro-isoseismic line, observed horizontal displacement vectors, etc. The Tangshan earthquake exerted different influences on the adjacent blocks and boundary faults between them, thus resulting in differential movement and deformation. The Ordos block seems to have experienced the small-scale counterclockwise rotation and deformation, but its northeast part, bounded on the east by the Taihangshan and on the north by the Yanshan and Yinshan belts, underwent relatively stronger deformation. The Tangshan earthquake also changed the stress state of boundary faults of the North China, leading to an increase in shear stress and a decrease in normal stress in the NW-trending Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault through Tangshan City and the northern border faults of the Ordos block, and therefore raises the potential risk of earthquake occurrence. This result is supported by the facts that a series of Ms≥ 6 earthquakes took place at the northern margin of the Ordos block after the Tangshan earthquake.     

MIGRATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES IN TIBETAN BLOCK AREA AND DISSCUSSION ON MAJOR ACTIVE REGION IN THE FUTURE

On the basis of summarizing the circulation characteristics and mechanism of earthquakes with magnitude 7 or above in continental China, the spatial-temporal migration characteristics, mechanism and future development trend of earthquakes with magnitude above 7 in Tibetan block area are analyzed comprehensively. The results show that there are temporal clustering and spatial zoning of regional strong earthquakes and large earthquakes in continental China, and they show the characteristics of migration and circulation in time and space. In the past 100a, there are four major earthquake cluster areas that have migrated from west to east and from south to north, i.e. 1)Himalayan seismic belt and Tianshan-Baikal seismic belt; 2)Mid-north to north-south seismic belt in Tibetan block area; 3)North-south seismic belt-periphery of Assam cape; and 4)North China and Sichuan-Yunnan area. The cluster time of each area is about 20a, and a complete cycle time is about 80a. The temporal and spatial images of the migration and circulation of strong earthquakes are consistent with the motion velocity field images obtained through GPS observations in continental China. The mechanism is related to the latest tectonic activity in continental China, which is mainly affected by the continuous compression of the Indian plate to the north on the Eurasian plate, the rotation of the Tibetan plateau around the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, and the additional stress field caused by the change of the earth's rotation speed.
Since 1900AD, the Tibetan block area has experienced three periods of high tides of earthquake activity clusters(also known as earthquake series), among which the Haiyuan-Gulang earthquake series from 1920 to 1937 mainly occurred around the active block boundary structural belt on the periphery of the Tibetan block region, with the largest earthquake occurring on the large active fault zone in the northeastern boundary belt. The Chayu-Dangxiong earthquake series from 1947 to 1976 mainly occurred around the large-scale boundary active faults of Qiangtang block, Bayankala block and eastern Himalayan syntaxis within the Tibetan block area. In the 1995-present Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, 8 earthquakes with M_S7.0 or above have occurred on the boundary fault zones of the Bayankala block. Therefore, the Bayankala block has become the main area of large earthquake activity on the Tibetan plateau in the past 20a. The clustering characteristic of this kind of seismic activity shows that in a certain period of time, strong earthquake activity can occur on the boundary fault zone of the same block or closely related blocks driven by a unified dynamic mechanism, reflecting the overall movement characteristics of the block. The migration images of the main active areas of the three earthquake series reflect the current tectonic deformation process of the Tibetan block region, where the tectonic activity is gradually converging inward from the boundary tectonic belt around the block, and the compression uplift and extrusion to the south and east occurs in the plateau. This mechanism of gradual migration and repeated activities from the periphery to the middle can be explained by coupled block movement and continuous deformation model, which conforms to the dynamic model of the active tectonic block hypothesis.
A comprehensive analysis shows that the Kunlun-Wenchuan earthquake series, which has lasted for more than 20a, is likely to come to an end. In the next 20a, the main active area of the major earthquakes with magnitude 7 on the continental China may migrate to the peripheral boundary zone of the Tibetan block. The focus is on the eastern boundary structural zone, i.e. the generalized north-south seismic belt. At the same time, attention should be paid to the earthquake-prone favorable regions such as the seismic empty sections of the major active faults in the northern Qaidam block boundary zone and other regions. For the northern region of the Tibetan block, the areas where the earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above are most likely to occur in the future will be the boundary structural zones of Qaidam active tectonic block, including Qilian-Haiyuan fault zone, the northern margin fault zone of western Qinling, the eastern Kunlun fault zone and the Altyn Tagh fault zone, etc., as well as the empty zones or empty fault segments with long elapse time of paleo-earthquake or no large historical earthquake rupture in their structural transformation zones. In future work, in-depth research on the seismogenic tectonic environment in the above areas should be strengthened, including fracture geometry, physical properties of media, fracture activity behavior, earthquake recurrence rule, strain accumulation degree, etc., and then targeted strengthening tracking monitoring and earthquake disaster prevention should be carried out.     

中国大陆及其周边地区应力场特征

本文收集了1976—2018年发生在中国大陆及其周边地区(15°~55°N, 65°~125°E)的4303个地震震源机制解, 分析了该区震源机制解和P、 T轴空间分布特征, 并使用这些震源机制解, 反演得到了中国大陆及周边地区二维构造应力场分布。 应力场反演结果表明, 云南大部、 青藏高原大部以及华北华南大部以走滑型应力性质为主, 印度洋板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞控制着中国西部地区, 大量的逆断型地震集中分布在青藏高原周缘和西域活动地块的天山地区。 青藏高原内部也存在正断型地震, 且应力场方向在26°N发生了很大的变化。 位于青藏高原东构造线以南的滇缅活动块体, 最大主压应力σ₁方向在大致100°E发生突变, 由以西的NNE方向偏转到NNW方向。 中国东部的东北块体到华北块体再到华南块体, 最大主压应力方向有一个从NE向逐渐转变成EW向再变化到NW向的旋转趋势。 应力场总体结果表明, 中国东部应力场主要受到太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对欧亚大陆俯冲的作用, 中国西部主要受印度板块向北碰撞欧亚大陆的影响, 块体内部相互作用、 块体与断裂带相互作用也对应力场变化产生影响。     

地块活动与成组地震关系的初步探讨

中国大陆构造的成块性与中国地震活动的成组性构成中国地震构造和地震活动的一个突出现象．本文在前人对中国大陆地震成组划分的结果和地块划分方案的基础上,研究了中国大陆地块与成组地震活动之间的关系,发现大部分强震分布于地块边界断层上,成组地震的孕育和发生与块体活动有关．由成组地震震中分布图表现出来的地块活动方式主要有４种:单缝式活动型、单地块活动型、多地块活动型和地块内部活动型．地块活动频度以单缝式活动型为最高,在成组地震中则以单地块活动型为多．大陆内部各地块的活动性有差别,东部比较活跃的地块有太行山和华北平原地块,西部比较活跃的地块有川滇和昆仑-松潘地块．      

Correlation between movement of tectonicblocks and earthquakes in groups

Introduction ZHANG and ZHONG (1977), ZHANG, et al (1978) and ZHANG (1984) pointed out that Chinese mainland is divided into two parts by the NS-trending tectonic belt, i.e., the eastern area and the western area, and each area is divided into tectonic blocks by faults. In the eastern area, the faults are trending NNE and NNW, mainly NNE, and the long axis strike of blocks is nearly trending NS. In the western area, faults are trending NEE and NWW, mainly NWW, long axis strike …     

2020年新疆于田MS6.4地震发震构造研究

2020年6月26日新疆于田西昆仑地区发生M_S6.4地震, 这是继2008年M_S7.3和2014年M_S7.3两次于田地震后发生的又一次强震。 判定此次地震的发震构造是进行地震解剖需要解决的一个基本问题。 本文基于GIS平台与技术, 对构造地质、 高分遥感、 地貌地形、 地震、 GPS速度场、 震源机制等各种资料进行整合, 通过跨学科资料的综合分析, 对地震相关的动力学、 运动学机制进行了研究, 对发震构造进行了初步的判定。 此次于田地震的发生可能是2014年强震破裂段进一步向西南方向破裂的结果。 地震精定位结果显示震中位于琼木孜塔格峰附近。 高分遥感解译及构造地貌变形分析的结果表明极震区是一个典型的张性盆岭构造区, 发育有小型的断陷盆地和正断性质的控盆断裂。 震后高分卫星影像表明在震区未发现明显的地表破裂带以及地震次生灾害。 此次地震可能是由西昆仑地块与松潘—甘孜地块之间NE向构造带内张性构造体系的活动而引发的。 由于构造带两侧地块的斜向拉张运动, 使得正断层、 走滑断层在构造带内先后形成并且持续地、 同步地活动。 正断比走滑更主要一些, 其分别能够很好地适应并吸收张性纯剪切分量以及横向简单剪切分量, 从而使得构造带内正断型、 走滑型地震频发, 此次于田M_S6.4地震就是在这种背景下发生的。 构造区范围内的地壳自地表向深部可能存在着多层次的张性构造体系, 各个体系之间可能不具有明显的关联性。 本次地震可能与地表张性构造体系关系不大, 推断是深层次张性构造体系活动的结果。     

华北地区近期地壳水平运动与应力应变场特征

利用华北GPS监测网 1 992年、1 995年、1 996年的观测资料 ,应用最小二乘配置给出了华北地区相对水平位移场、应变场的分布图像 .经初步研究表明 :华北地区 1 992-1 995年间的水平位移和应变场表现为整体性不均匀的压性运动 ,1 995- 1 996年测区东部仍以水平压性运动为主 ,但测区西部则主要表现为张性运动 .水平运动 （方向、大小 ）发生显著变化和应变高值区的地带主要位于块体边界带和主要断裂带附近 .燕山断块南边界的北东向断裂存在着较显著的左旋运动 .区内最大剪应变、面膨胀的高值区在天津、北京、唐山一带 .结合非连续变形数值分析方法 （DDA）初步分析认为 ,1 992- 1 995年GPS观测结果显示的华北地区存在东、西部构造应力作用的明显差别 ,华北东部以东西向压应力作用为主 ,而西部的南北向构造应力作用又明显大于东部 .     

EARTHQUAKE FOCAL MECANISMS IN THE DALIANGSHAN SUB-BLOCK AND ADJACENT AREAS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE REGIONAL STRESS FIELD

The Daliangshan sub-block is a boundary region among the Bayan Har block, the Sichuan-Yunnan block and the South China block. It hosts four major fault systems:The southwest to south trending Xianshuihe-Zemuhe Fault zone in the west, the Longmenshan fault zone is the northern boundary, the Zhaotong-Lianfeng fault zone in the south, and the NS-trending Mabian-Yanjin fault zone in the east. This study focused on focal mechanisms and the regional stress field of the Daliangshan sub-block to help understand the earthquake preparation process, tectonic deformation and seismic stress interaction in this area. We collected broadband waveform records from the Sichuan Seismic Network and used multiple 1-D velocity models to determine the focal mechanisms of moderate and large earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.5)in the Daliangshan sub-block by using the CAP method. Results for 276 earthquakes from Jan 2010 to Aug 2016 show that the earthquakes are dominated by strike-slip and trust faulting, very few events have normal faulting and the mixed type. We then derived the regional distribution of the stress field through a damp linear inversion(DRSSI)using the focal mechanisms obtained in this study. Inversion results for the spatial pattern of the stress field in the block suggest that the entire region is predominantly under strike-slip and trust faulting regimes, largely consistent with the focal mechanisms. The direction of maximum compression axes is NW-NWW, and part of the area is slightly rotated, which is consistent with the GPS velocity field. Combining geodynamic background, this work suggests that because the Sichuan-Yunnan block is moving to SE and the Tibetan plateau to SE-E along major strike-slip faults, the stress field of the Daliangshan sub-block and its adjacent regions is controlled jointly by the Bayan Har block, the Sichuan-Yunnan block and the South China block.