云南强震的动力探讨

本文应用近年来多种地球物理方法对东亚及云南地区应力场、地壳上地幔构造研究成果，探讨了造成云南多震及大震空间分布特征的动力来源。由于印度板块与亚欧板块的碰撞挤压及青藏高原的高差作用使高原物质向东漫流，受到扬子准古陆及华南地块的阻挡，于是沿其焊接边界应力集中产生大震。加之本、非稳态热、介质的化学组成及物理状态等因素的综合作用造就了云南大震的空间分布特征。     

腾冲火山区及周围地震源机制与构造应力场分布特征

对腾冲火山区及周围地区强震震源深度和震源机制空间分布及区域现代构造应力场特征进行了研究。由我国西南地区直到缅甸中深源地震带的区域构造应力场空间分布格局,充分显示出我国西南地区在现代构造运动过程中,受到以印度板夫对亚欧板块碰撞挤压作用为主要动力源,在东部同时受到太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块远距离作用影响的总体特征。腾冲火山区主要受到印度板块在缅甸中深源地震带产生的侧面挤压剪切的直接作用。腾冲火山区所属的     

云南强震的强力探讨

本文应用用近年来多种地球物理方法对东亚及云南地区的应力场，地壳上地幔构造研究成果，探讨了造成云南多震及大震空间分布特征的动力来源。由于印度板块与亚欧板块的碰撞挤压及青藏高原的高差作用使高原物质向东漫流，受到扬子准古陆及华南地块的阻挡，于是沿其焊接边界应力集中产生大震。加之本，非稳态热，介质的化学组成及物理状态等因素的综合作用造就了云南大震的空间分布特征。     

中国西部及邻区强震迁移规律与喜马拉雅弧关系研究

在数值模拟的基础上,系统分析研究了中国西部及邻区强震活动的迁移规律,结果表明,印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞作用控制着中国西部强震活动。 喜马拉雅东部弧顶（缅甸弧顶） 、西部弧顶（兴都库什弧顶） 及喜马拉雅弧中段的强震活动与内陆的强震活动存在密切的联系,与内陆强震活跃期、平静期的存在及强震迁移规律都有重要关系。     

深化认识青藏高原壳幔结构，驱动深层动力过程探索（代序）

青藏高原是当今地球上海拔最高、规模最大、时代最为年青的地域.在太平洋板块、印度板块与欧亚板块三大板块错综复杂的远程和近程俯冲、消减、碰撞、挤压与多元力系作用下,使青藏高原成为一盘破碎块体的镶嵌.两个大陆板块的陆 陆碰撞,于55-50 Ma首先在西部弧顶强力碰撞和持续的挤压,东部弧顶相续相衔,最后两板块相连,导致了喜马拉雅弧形山系的形成与崛起.地壳以平均约50mm·a^-1的速率向北推进,使地壳缩短约2000~2500km,增厚达70±5km.     

腾冲火山区及周围地区震源机制与构造应力场分布特征

对腾冲火山区及周围地区强震震源深度和震源机制空间分布及区域现代构造应力场特征进行了研究。由我国西南地区直到缅甸中深源地震带的区域构造应力场空间分布格局,充分显示出我国西南地区在现代构造运动过程中,受到以印度板块对亚欧板块碰撞挤压作用为主要动力源,在东部同时受到太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块远距离作用影响的总体特征。腾冲火山区主要受到印度板块在缅甸中深源地震带产生的侧面挤压剪切的直接作用。腾冲火山区所属的腾冲龙陵地震带是西南地区区域构造应力场分区的一条重要边界。腾冲火山区主要受到北东———北东东向的区域压应力场作用,同时也可能受到东侧毗邻应力场分区南南东———南东向压应力场的影响。     

中国东部上地幔各向异性研究

地震各向异性研究是了解地壳和上地幔变形的有效方法之一.这一研究不仅能了解板块内部的形变特征,而且能提供与板块构造运动有关的下覆岩石圈的地幔形变状况.中国东部地处欧亚板块与太平洋板块的接触带附近,紧邻西太平洋俯冲带.中国大陆受印度板块与欧亚板块强烈碰撞的影响,大陆西部地壳增厚并隆起,同时造成物质东向挤出.太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块向欧亚板块下的俯冲作用,强烈地影响着板块边缘及内部的构造运动.     

中国大陆板内地震发生的地质构造背景及构造类型的划分

本文首先着重讨论了中国大陆板内地震具有分带性和分区性的地质背景。在此基础上,考虑到板块边界运动的影响程度,提出中国板内地震的构造类型,可分为七种:(1)大陆板块碰撞影响型;(2)板块俯冲带牵动型;(3)板块边界走滑断层影响型;(4)断块区边界巨型断裂带型;(5)断块区内部的山脉和盆地交界型;(6)新生代地堑-裂谷型;(7)断块区内部岩石圈或地壳断裂型     

南北地震带南段应力场特征及其与板块运动的关系

根据从1933年到1991年的134次中、强震的震源机制结果，对南北地震带南段的区域应力场特征进行了详细地分析．结果表明，南北地震带南段是一条浅源、走滑地震带，在它的东部和西部地区，震源机制结果的P轴和T轴呈现系统的、一致的分布．在西部地区，P轴和T轴分别位于北东-南西和北西-南东方向；在东部地区，P轴和T轴分别位于北西-南东和北东-南西方向．从整体来看，P轴的方位在空间组成一个倒V字形．东部和西部地区的边界与青藏高原和扬子块体之间的边界是一致的．大量的震源机制结果表明，从喜马拉雅碰撞带到南北地震带南段西部，从台湾东海岸碰撞带到南北地震带南段东部，P轴的方位分别呈现大体一致的分布．这说明，印度-澳大利亚板块与欧亚板块之间的相对运动所产生的构造力从喜马拉雅碰撞带一直传到南北地震带南段西部，同时，菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块之间相对运动所产生的构造力从台湾东海岸一直传到南北地震带南段东部，并分别控制了那里的应力场．      

中国周边板块的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响——(Ⅱ)印度板块的影响

本文利用地震资料并结合地质资料,讨论了印度板块与欧亚板块在中国周边的相互作用及其对中国应力场的影响,指出两板块在喜马拉雅山前断裂地区碰撞,碰撞边界向西延续到35°N,74°E附近,其主要挤压方向为NNE,并形成SE方向的物质流动.帕米尔地区有强烈的构造运动,并存在俯冲带形态的构造.在26.5°N,97°E附近,板块边界的走向发生突变,并形成东倾的缅甸山弧俯冲带,但印度板块挤压造成的主压应力方向为NNE向.在安达曼—尼科巴—苏门答腊—爪哇岛弧,印度板块俯冲于欧亚板块之下,在中国南海一带形成NNW向或近Ns向的主压应力.     

Active blocks and strong seismic activity in North China region

The active North China block consists of three second-order blocks: Ordos, North China Plain, and East Shandong-Huanghai Sea blocks. Two active tectonic zones, the Anyang-Heze- Linyi and Tangshan-Cixian zones, exist in the active North China Plain block and have separated the active block into 3 third-order active blocks, Taihangshan, Hebei-Shandong, and Henan-Huai blocks. The 3 third-order active blocks are characterized by their entire motion and are clearly different in their Cenozoic structures and deep structures. The active boundary tectonic zones between the third-order active blocks are less than those between the first- and second-order active blocks in their movement strength, extent, and seismic activity. The density of M ≥ 6 earthquakes in the boundary zones between active blocks is higher than that within the blocks by 9-22 times in the North China region, up to one order of magnitude on average. M ≥ 7 earthquakes occurred basically in the boundary zones between active blocks. The difference is not occasional, but reflects the nature of intraplate movement and the characteristics of strong seismic activity and is the powerful evidence for hypothesis of active blocks.     

不同构造环境中地震活动对新疆地震形势的影响

在对构造运动差异较大的柯坪块体和天山中部地区地震活动研究基础上,深入分析了这两个不同构造单元的中强地震活动对整体新疆地震形势的影响。不同构造环境下不同构造单元地震活动差异性很大。柯坪块体内构造运动强烈,它是新疆6级地震主要活动区之一。6级地震发生后的1年内,天山地震带是中强地震的主要响应区,在时间上具有短期预测意义。位于特殊构造环境的中天山地区地震少,地震强度低。4次5级地震后的1~3年,新疆地震活动呈明显增强趋势,中天山地区中强地震活动对周边地区中强地震活动会产生触发作用。     

中国东部海域断裂构造格架与地震活动研究

渤海、黄海和东海等中国东部海域在地质构造上是大陆向海的自然延伸，海域内的构造方向与大陆一致，均为NNE-NE向，但属于不同的二级大地构造单元，渤海和北黄海属于华北地块，南黄海属于扬子地块，东海属于华南地块。由于各地块与现今活动板块边界位置不同，构造与地震活动性差异较大，渤海和北黄海地区地震活动主要受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞形成的东喜马拉雅构造节远场效应影响，地震活动强烈；南黄海地区以中强地震活动为主；东海地区地震活动主要受菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块碰撞形成的琉球俯冲带影响。冲绳海槽是正在形成的（活动的）边缘海盆地，不仅有浅源地震，且有中源地震活动。东海陆架盆地由于受冲绳海槽扩张的影响，停止发育，构造与地震活动相对较弱。     

滇东南楔形构造区发震构造背景探讨

滇东南楔形构造区的区域断裂几何结构突出地表现为半棋盘格式。具有区域应力场分界意义的红河断裂,把其它几条断裂限制在其北部,并与小江断裂带构成第一级的半断块。构造区内,曲江断裂被李浩寨断裂限制在其西侧;后者与异龙湖断裂交汇于建水盆地中;建水断裂把黑泥地断裂限制于其东,并与李浩寨断裂构成建水盆地右阶拉分岩桥区,向南终止于山花。 深部构造、区域形变及断裂活动表明该构造区是一个断块挤压隆起构造区。最后,对楔形构造区的地震活动与挤压隆起断块运动的关系作了简要的分析     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90oE is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2±1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1±0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8±1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8±2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

Research on an intraplate movement model by inversion of GPS data in North China

In this paper, data obtained by the 1995, 1996 and 1999 three GPS campaigns in North China have been used to study intraplate tectonic block movements in this area (N36°–N42°, and E112°–E120°). By a Bayesian inversion method, negative dislocation distributions on three main fault zones and individual relative movements between four intraplate tectonic blocks have been obtained based on these GPS data. The results show that the relative movements between four intraplate tectonic plates are several millimeters per year. The obtained negative dislocation values on the Front Tai-Hong Mountain fault are −5±2 mm/a in tensile component, and 2±2 mm/a in both strike and dip component, which indicates that this fault mainly suffers pull apart tectonic movements. On the Tangshan–Ninghe fault, the obtained negative dislocation values are −3±3 mm/a in dip, −2±2 mm/a in tensile and −1±3 mm/a in strike, which indicates that the east part of this fault still undergoes upward movement. On the Zhangjiako–Beipiao fault, the obtained negative dislocation values are −4±2 mm/a in strike, 0±2 mm/a in dip, and 1±2 mm/a in tensile, which indicates that this fault has sinistral strike movement. According to the inversion results, the southern part of the Zhangjiako-Beipiao fault suffers pull tectonic movements caused by recent upward movement of the eastern part. The pulling tectonic movements are almost totally blocked on the Front Tai-Hong Mountain fault and this fault is more likely to be a potential earthquake source.     

豫北地区地震活动性及其与区域地壳运动的关系

本根据地震地质和地震分布条带,把豫北地区从西至东分为弱,中,强三个区段。由于区域地壳深部主断裂和大震活动的牵动作用,是造成本地震活动的重要原因,因而从区域地壳块体活动背景上探讨了本区及邻近地区地震活动趋势,中还指出,豫北西部太行山区的林县－薄壁地震带,虽不具有强震构造背景,但小震年月频率多寡和震群活动,却能反映了大区域地壳应力场强弱,亦可作为判断区域性地震活动的指标。     

Movement and strain conditions of active blocks in the Chinese mainland

The definition of active block is given from the angles of crustal deformation and strain. The movement and strain parameters of active blocks are estimated according to the unified velocity field composed of the velocities at 1598 GPS stations obtained from GPS measurements carried out in the past years in the Chinese mainland and the surrounding areas. The movement and strain conditions of the blocks are analyzed. The active blocks in the Chinese mainland have a consistent E-trending movement component, but its N and S components are not consistent. The blocks in the western part have a consistent N-trending movement and the blocks in the eastern part have a consistent S-trending movement. In the area to the east of 90°E, that is the area from Himalayas block towards NE, the movement direction of the blocks rotates clockwisely and the movement rates of the blocks are different. Generally, the movement rate is large in the west and south and small in the east and north with a difference of 3 to 4 times between the rates in the west and east. The distributions of principal compressive strain directions of the blocks are also different. The principal strain of the blocks located to the west of 90°E is basically in the SN direction, the principal compressive strain of the blocks in the northeastern part of Qingzang plateau is roughly in the NE direction and the direction of principal compressive strain of the blocks in the southeastern part of Qingzang plateau rounds clockwisely the east end of Himalayas structure. In addition, the principal strain and shear strain rates of the blocks are also different. The Himalayas and Tianshan blocks have the largest principal compressive strain and the maximum shear strain rate. Then, Lhasa, Qiangtang, Southwest Yunnan (SW Yunnan), Qilian and Sichuan-Yunan (Chuan-Dian) blocks followed. The strain rate of the blocks in the eastern part is smaller. The estimation based on the stain condition indicates that Himalayas block is still the area with the most intensive tectonic activity and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 15.2 ± 1.5 mm/a. Tianshan block ranks the second and it shortens in the NS direction at the rate of 10.1 ± 0.9 mm/a. At present, the two blocks are still uprising. It can be seen from superficial strain that the Chinese mainland is predominated by superficial expansion. Almost the total area in the eastern part of the Chinese mainland is expanded, while in the western part, the superficial compression and expansion are alternatively distributed from the south to the north. In the Chinese mainland, most EW-trending or proximate EW-trending faults have the left-lateral or left-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides, and most NS-trending faults have the right-lateral or right-lateral strike-slip relative movements along both sides. According to the data from GPS measurements the left-lateral strike-slip rate is 4.8 ± 1.3 mm/a in the central part of Altun fault and 9.8 ± 2.2 mm/a on Xianshuihe fault. The movement of the fault along the block boundary has provided the condition for block movement, so the movements of the block and its boundary are consistent, but the movement levels of the blocks are different. The statistic results indicate that the relative movement between most blocks is quite significant, which proves that active blocks exist. Himalayas, Tianshan, Qiangtang and SW Yunnan blocks have the most intensive movement; China-Mongolia, China-Korea (China-Korea), Alxa and South China blocks are rather stable. The mutual action of India, Pacific and Philippine Sea plates versus Eurasia plate is the principal driving force to the block movement in the Chinese mainland. Under the NNE-trending intensive press from India plate, the crustal matter of Qingzang plateau moves to the NNE and NE directions, then is hindered by the blocks located in the northern, northeastern and eastern parts. The crustal matter moves towards the Indian Ocean by the southeastern part of the plateau.     

玉溪-临沧剖面宽角地震探测——红河断裂带及滇南地壳结构研究

云南位于南北地震带南段,地震活动具有频度高、强度大的特点,中小地震几乎遍及云南南部,是中国大陆内部地震活动最强的地区之一.滇南地区跨越多个重要的地质构造单元和多条地震带,其中红河断裂带是跨越该地区的一条大型的走滑断裂带,作为印支地块和华南地块两大地块的分界断裂,对人们认识板块相互运动及其深部动力学背景具有重要意义.中国地震局于2010年启动了"中国地震科学台阵探测--南北地震带南段"项目,在云南省中西部跨越红河断裂带布设一条近东西向的深地震宽角反射/折射探测剖面,本文利用该东西向深地震宽角反射/折射剖面来研究红河断裂带及滇南地区详细的地壳结构及其孕震背景.研究结果表明:沿测线地壳结构呈西薄东厚的特征,以红河断裂带为界,断裂带以西地壳较薄,约34 km,以东地壳加厚至44 km左右;红河断裂带两侧速度结构具有明显的差异,断裂带西侧速度较低,东侧速度明显偏高.由震相特征及获取的地壳结构可以看出,红河断裂带两侧由浅至深速度结构的异常特征说明该古缝合带两侧块体地壳结构岩性的巨大差异性.