Influence of Social Identity on Self-Efficacy Beliefs Through Perceived Social Support: A Social Identity Theory Perspective

While much research documents the influence of self-efficacy on enactment of health behaviors, relatively less attention has been given to the factors that influence self-efficacy. To enhance our understanding of the various sources of self-efficacy, this study integrated social identity theory into this context and proposed and tested a model, which describes a process through which social identity can influence self-efficacy of engaging in health-related behaviors. Consistent with the proposed meditational model, the findings showed that individuals who had stronger social identity with a given social group perceived greater social support from the group, which in turn predicted higher self-efficacy of engaging in a health-related behavior advocated by the group, and ultimately predicted greater behavioral intention. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

从社区到社会网络——一种互联网研究视野与方法的拓展

随着互联网技术的发展,传统的BBS等虚拟社区的影响有所减弱,而由SNS、即时通信、博客等应用构建的新兴社区的影响正在上升,这些新的应用也促进了人们的社会网络的形成与拓展。借鉴社会学的社会网络理论来研究这些新的应用及其影响,是十分必要的。人们从传统虚拟社区向以自我为中心的社会网络的迁移,体现了网络使用者从社会归属需求向社会资本需求的升级,而印象管理、自我表达、情绪调节、社会交往、社会分享、社会参与等其他层面需求则与社会资本需求相辅相成。互联网上的社会网络对于个体的影响,目前主要在两个方面表现出来:一方面是一对一的互动对个体的态度、行为的影响(这些影响可以从社会心理学的一些传统理论中得到解释),而这种一对一的影响还可能通过社会网络来传递,从而形成一种社会性影响;另一方面是社会网络的结构对个体所施加的影响,例如,社会网络中的权力关系的影响、社会网络中的派系的影响等。     

An Experimental Investigation of Social Identification on College Student Organ Donor Decisions

This investigation examined whether persuasive organ donation messages that target individuals’ identification with a salient social group will be more effective in encouraging these individuals to become organ donors than will information-only persuasive messages. Participants were randomly assigned to view one of two pro-organ donation messages, both of which included basic information about organ donation (need, number of registered donors, etc.) while one also targeted social identity. Findings indicate that individuals exposed to a social identification message were more likely to click a link that allowed them to officially register as organ donors. These results offer support for the utility of social identification as a health communication campaign strategy for increasing organ donation.     

论社会意识对阅读的影响

社会意识是社会的精神生产过程,可分为社会心理、社会意识形式和社会思潮等层次.分别从这三个层次论述了社会意识对阅读活动的深刻影响.     

Internet Connectedness and its Social Origins: An Ecological Approach to Postaccess Digital Divides

This study examines the influence of sociocultural factors on the level of “Internet connectedness.” The Internet Connectedness Index (ICI), composed of five items, is modified and applied to measure disparities in the ways in which people use the Internet. With a dataset of 384 randomly selected telephone survey respondents, the ICI is regressed on various social indicators. The result indicates that technological environments, social environments, and the scope and intensity of Internet-related goals significantly influence individuals' Internet connectedness. This finding highlights that even after people gain access to the Internet, the ways they incorporate the Internet into their everyday lives differ, and that the differences reflect disparities in the multiple dimensions of the social context in which individuals are situated.     

促进社会融合--公共图书馆的本质职能

从功能与职能的辨义入手，回顾公共图书馆的历史起源，结合图书馆服务理念与社会期望，指出公共图书馆服务社会的根本特征就是扶助弱势群体，促进社会融合，其具体职能包括帮助青少年、支援教育、提供个人机会和培育文明。     

信息资源对社会发展的影响和作用

信息资源对社会发展的影响和作用●邱均平ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｆｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｎｓｏｃｉａｌｄｅｖｅｌ－ｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎ８ａｓｐｅｃｔｓ：ｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｈｕｍａｎｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ，ｓｏｃｉａｌ...     

The Social Dimension of Blogging about Health: Health Blogging,Social Support,and Well-being

The study reported here explored the social dimension of health-related blogs by examining blogging as a means to marshal social support and, as a result, achieve some of the health benefits associated with supportive communication. A total of 121 individuals who author a blog dedicated to their experience living with a specific health condition completed the study questionnaire. The number of blog posts made by respondents and proportion of posts with reader comments were positively associated with perceived social support from blog readers. The relationship between blog reader support and two outcomes related to well-being depended upon the support available in bloggers' strong-tie relationships with family and friends. Consistent with the social compensation (i.e., “poor get richer”) perspective, blog reader support was negatively associated with loneliness and positively associated with personal growth when support in strong-tie relationships was relatively lacking.     

Relational Maintenance and Social Support in the Aftermath of Sudden and Expected Death

Bereavement is a state of grieving after the loss of a loved one. Past research has suggested that bereavement is particularly challenging, both physically and emotionally, in the aftermath of unexpected death. Here, we examine bereavement in which death occurred suddenly, compared to a chronic condition where death was expected, in terms of perceived social support and relational maintenance with the deceased in the form of imagined interactions and social media interactions. Results indicated that individuals experiencing sudden death bereavement were more likely to engage in both postmortem relational maintenance techniques and perceived less social support than individuals in the expected death bereavement group. Results are discussed in terms of previous findings.     

The Effects of Social Support,Depression, and Stress on Drinking Behaviors in a College Student Sample

Social support research contends that supportive interactions provide a buffer wherein individuals are protected from increased risk due to negative affect. The present study investigated the relationships between social support and college students' stress, depression, and alcohol use. A total of 54 students completed questionnaires in exchange for extra course credit. Results demonstrated that stress and depression were correlated with one another and that social support was negatively correlated with each of these outcomes. Depression, but not stress, was correlated with increased drinking behavior. Overall, social support was negatively correlated with alcohol consumption; however, depression moderated the effect of social support such that support and alcohol consumption were negatively correlated for participants with higher depression whereas support and alcohol consumption were positively correlated for individuals with lower depression. These findings partially confirm existing theories of alcohol use that hypothesize differences between self-medicating drinkers and social, sensation-seeking drinkers.     

Social Media Use in Academic Libraries: A Phenomenological Study

Academic libraries are increasingly engaged on social media in order to connect with diverse community groups and move beyond the traditional bounds of the library. This research uses a phenomenological approach and Institutional Theory to explore social media postings at six different public and private university libraries in two Midwest states. The research addresses what themes emerge among the university library's social media pages and what, if any, differences in themes emerge based on the status of the library in question. Social media postings included ten different codes: archives; collections; events; exhibits; facility; library community; sentiments; services; site management; and university community. These codes were tied to three different themes: libraries create a sense of outreach and advocacy with the goal of establishing community connection, providing an inviting environment, and access to content as needed or desired. Ultimately, while libraries at universities with an ARL library or an MLS granting degree program showed a similar breakdown between these three themes, libraries at other master's degree institutions spent less time on making community connections in lieu of posting content and information about the library's environment.     

Identity on Social Networks as a Cue: Identity,Retweets, and Credibility

The current study investigates how social media affordances influence individuals’ source credibility perceptions in the presence of risk information, specifically examining how bandwagon heuristics interact with different identity heuristics at the individual level. The MAIN model and warranting theory serve as the theoretical framework to examine the effects of bandwagon cues and identity cues embedded in retweets and users’ profile pages for health and risk online information processing. A posttest-only experiment with a self-report questionnaire was administered to participants. Results indicate that different online heuristic cues impact the judgments of competence, goodwill, and trustworthiness. Authority cues strongly influenced source credibility perceptions. A reverse-bandwagon effect was observed in influencing source credibility judgments.     

社会转型中的新闻评论与社会规范

在社会转型中以习惯、道德、法律为表现形态的社会规范,仍然应该是言论的准则,对于新闻评论产生重要的影响。新闻评论的一般性规范包括自由民主法治开放的精神,提倡自由民主的讨论,为受众提供表达不同意见的机会;坚持国家利益原则;坚持公平正义平等的原则;坚持公共利益原则;坚持理性客观的原则;坚持以人为本的原则,尊重基本人权。     

The Relationship Between Social Support and Type 2 Diabetes Risk

Prior research links social support with several positive health outcomes. However, less is known about the association between social support and Type 2 diabetes risk factors, such as glycemic control. This study uses a nationally representative sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the relationship between social support and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. The data were analyzed through hierarchical logistic regression. Results indicate an inverse relationship between elevated HbA1c levels and individuals’ satisfaction with their partners’ daily interactions. Implications include the possibility of reducing Type 2 diabetes risk through communication interventions highlighting the importance of maintaining positive daily interactions.     

Social welfare implications of the digital divide

The Internet plays a critical role in informing individuals about society, politics, business, and the environment. So much so that it has been said that the digital divide makes the segment of society on the “right side” of the divide (the digitally endowed group) better off and that on the “wrong side” (the digitally challenged group) worse off. This is not always true, however, in a social choice situation where members of a society collectively choose one alternative from a set of alternatives. To identify conditions when this does not hold, a model of the digital divide is setup in which the digitally endowed group receives better information than the digitally challenged group. Preferences of all individuals over outcomes are distributed over a scale. This distribution is correlated with the digital divide: the outcome preferred by the digitally endowed group differs from that preferred by the other group. The alternative chosen by majority becomes the choice of the overall society. The ensuing analysis shows that individuals located centrally on the preference scale are sensitive to information about the state. The choice of centrally located digitally challenged individuals, made on a lack of information, makes the digitally challenged group worse off as has been predicted before. In some cases, the digitally endowed group is worse off as well. In the case of highly polar alternatives, social welfare decreases due to the welfare loss of the digitally endowed group. Results suggest that policymakers must manage the digital divide in a customized manner depending on the preferences context. They should not only focus on improving the welfare of the digitally challenged, but also focus on the welfare of the digitally endowed group so that this welfare does not decrease.     

社会民主主义思潮与英国公共广播体制的形成

英国公共广播体制是在社会民主主义思潮的影响下形成的。英国社会民主主义的两个基本原则(公有制和民主)决定了公共广播的两个基本特征(非市场和非政府)。社会民主主义思潮还形塑了公共广播要为民主服务的广播理念。在探讨英国公共广播体制的起源时,只有从这一角度来看问题,才能真正理解英国公共广播的兴衰以及广播的公共服务理念的核心所在。     

基于社会网络视角的学习共享空间研究

技术、信息和学习环境的革命性变化逐渐削弱了图书馆作为获取信息和知识的首要机构的地位。学习共享空间是社会网络环境下支持学生协同学习、个性化学习的学习社区和学习资源中心。图书馆员要将服务融入大学生学习的过程之中,明确交互关系、网络规模、认同感等影响大学生社会学习过程的因素,引导学生合理利用基于标签的分众分类法,使之构建交互关系,发现、讨论、评价、注释和推荐他们自己的学习资源。     

Communication Practices and Advice in Later-Life Widowhood: “We Just Talked about What It Is like to Not Have Your Buddy”

The present study addressed the question of how interactions with social networks influence the experience of widowhood for later-life widowed individuals, and what aspects of these experiences the participants wish others could know. I interviewed 23 widowed individuals. Four themes emerged revolving around the need to prepare for death through communication, the importance of supportive interactions, the value of remembering and sharing the good times, and the significance of finding a balance with grief and maintaining an active life.     

社会情景感知计算及其关键技术研究

[目的/意义]对社会情景感知计算研究对象、特征及关键技术进行总结和分析。[方法/过程]基于文献调研,以社会情景的概念为出发点,从社会情景感知系统的视角,对社会情景获取、社会情景建模、社会情景推理、安全与隐私四个模块的关键理论和技术进行探讨。[结果/结论]总结社会情景的五个描述维度;论述社会情景感知计算与传统情景感知计算的区别与联系;对比分析社会情景感知计算关键技术的特点和适用性,为社会情景感知计算研究关键技术的选择与应用提供理论依据和参考。     

信息共享空间环境下的社交网络

文章在论述社交网络及其特点的基础上,阐述了运用社交网络构建信息共享空间虚拟环境的问题。进而提供两个应用实例,探讨信息共享空间环境下构建社交网络的途径,并提出构建社交网络时需要考虑的四个方面。认为社交网络在扩展信息共享空间的功能和提升图书馆服务等方面有广阅的应用前景。该文为《数字图书馆论坛》2009年第2期本期话题“信息共享空间”的文章之一。