字面的魅力

说起来,音译是最简单直截的翻译办法,但凡遇到无法对应的,都不妨如此处置,并且天赋一种舶来的玄妙。尤其当外来的新思想新理念涌入时,音译总会流行。诚然,习惯表意的汉语对直截转写的音译,一向是撑拒的,所以许多当初落地时的音译,后来大都渐渐被意译的形式所替代,起码也要加上意译的成分,即便是那些原本没有的事象,譬如,德谟克拉西→民主,赛因斯→民主,德律风→电话,盘尼西林→青霉素,梵哑铃/怀娥铃→小提琴,布尔乔亚→资产阶级,烟士披里纯→灵感。有趣的是,音译总是要受翻译者自身方音的影响,所以许多音译过来的词,用普通话念来,多有不合。譬如,恤（shirt）,芝士（cheese）,忌廉（cream）,的士（taxi）,引擎（engine）,朱古力（chocolate）,沙发（sofa）,来复［枪］（rifle）。     

同学,珍重

20年前,我们,轻轻地走了。走时,含着热泪,揣着憧憬,携着渴望,带着热情。装着恩师给我们的教诲和知识,载着母校对我们的寄托和厚望。20年间,虽然天各一方,但我们的心里,时刻惦着学校,念着同窗,为我们的忧同忧,为我们的喜同喜!我们之中,有学校教授,有政法英模;有政府高官,有商界名流;有实业奇才,有传媒精英。虽然职业不同,但每个人都认真地工作着,生活着,在不同的领域、不同的岗位,以同样的真诚同样的热情同样的智慧,书写着同样精彩的     

弯下腰是为了昂起头

他是一家上市公司的老总,腰缠万贯.他很久没有坐过公共汽车了,有一天,他突发奇想,想体验一下普通百姓的生活.他投了币,找到一个靠窗边的座位坐了下来.他好奇地打量着身边的人,他的前边是个怀孕的妇女,他的身后是个上了年纪的老人,这些普普通通的人,每天挤着公共汽车,日子虽然过得清苦,但依然很快乐.在他们的脸上,看不出悲苦,有的只是对生活的满足.他的心情很好,他的对面有一个很漂亮的女人,他可以近距离地欣赏.车子到了下一站,上来的人渐渐多了,美女就渐渐被人遮住了.     

赵远花写意

她是内敛的,观其形,端庄温婉,尤其每次讨论,温和的语气中透露出审慎的思考,总令人如沐春风,蕴含着传统美。她是坚强的,闻其名,如雷贯耳,尤其演讲台上,她的真知灼见相随着谦逊的仪态,不由人肃然起敬,联想到铁娘子。写意赵远花,我想到了水。天下万物莫柔弱于水,     

悠长冬韵

冬季是最有韵味的季节,内敛,含蓄,仿佛一位卸妆的青衣,表演虽落幕,但气韵犹在。一切都慢下来,开始静静地休养生息。季节的风吹响了悠扬的长笛,光阴轻柔而绵长,分外有种岁月静好的味道。原野坦露,大自然的底色变成了土黄色。放眼望去,整个世界就是一幅写意山水画,水瘦山寒,天高地远,淡淡的一抹,却韵味全出。绵延的群山,瘦了一圈,露出峥嵘之姿,好似瘦美人转身的背影,婷婷的,渐行渐远,引人遐思。     

叛逃的前妻美国落难

22年前,盛春廷的妻子、沈阳市经贸委外资部经理何薇,拿走家里值钱的东西,抛下深爱她的丈夫和还在吃奶的儿子,叛逃到美国。此后,在漫长、艰难而屈辱的日子里,盛春廷与儿子相依为命,没有再娶。谁知,21年后的一天,盘春廷突然接到何薇的电话,乞求他接受她的忏悔,让儿子叫她一声妈……官员妻子出国叛逃,可怜父子负辱相依为命2004年6月的一天,盛春廷接到大洋彼岸的前妻何薇的来信。信中,何薇要儿子去美国发展。盛春廷看着信,百感交集,一幕幕往事浮上心头……     

树明是个异数

天上那么多星星,闪烁着,按自己的轨道行走,偶有几个脱轨而行,在星空中造就了新的光耀。人也一样,大多数的人,每天走的是同一条路,说的也是差不多的话,几十年如一日,少有几个能跳脱开来,寻找自己的光耀天地。在广告界,能跳脱原来的常规,择取新路,并能     

香山雪景

伫立在山腰,凝视香山的山,香山的树,香山的雪,香山的湖,香山的寺,香山的桥,心中有几分美感和几分神秘。     

跌入陷阱的流浪者——记江华从“捡破烂”到“总经理”的经历

这是一个真实的故事……时代列车驶入了2002年的七月。广州,华灯初上,夜幕低垂,繁华的街上,人流如潮,车水马龙。路旁,站起一个二十多岁的年轻小伙子,高挑的个子,俊俏的脸庞,而一身衣服却很不整洁,看上去就是个     

优秀热线记者应具备的素质

遵守职业道德,激情饱满地工作新闻热线记者每天会接听许多的咨询、投诉电话,有的热线必须到现场才能了解事件的真实性,因此,优秀的热线记者应该勤跑、多看、多听,到现场发现事实,并且忠实地报道事实;应该弘扬真善美,揭露假丑恶;应该有敬业精神,不怕累,不怕苦,不怕险.百姓利益无小事,在百姓需要帮助的时候,只要我们用心去做,就算问题一时难以解决,也会得到百姓的谅解.优秀的热线记者还应该具备足够的激情,对采访有不达目的不罢休的韧劲.每天,热线记者都会接到不同类型的热线,每天都是对热线记者的考验.优秀的热线记者要敢于面对挑战,敢于了解事件真相,挖掘事件真相,为百姓排忧解难.     

A brave new world?—Understanding U.S.-China coproductions: collaboration,conflicts, and obstacles

The unprecedented growth in U.S.-China film coproductions and Chinese companies’ high-profile investment in Hollywood studios and U.S. cinemas signal a shift in global power relationships and a reshaping of the global media structure. Combining textual and document analysis with interviews of policy makers and film professionals in China and Hollywood, this article explores the implications of U.S.-China coproduction for global communication. The article proposes three ways of understanding coproductions: as a market-driven and profit-seeking partnership, as a policy and power negotiation, and as a brave experimental adventure. This article contends that the current state of U.S.-China coproduction manifests the contradiction between desire and reality. Although coproductions have the potential to create a space for a new global culture, to develop innovative communication models, and to achieve a China-U.S. consensus, the fulfillment of these potentials will require a steadfast effort and the commitment of more than one generation of filmmakers from both China and the U.S.A. Nevertheless, a global culture and a reshaping of the global media structure are in the making.     

为残障用户利用网络资源和服务的匿名都柏林元数据应用纲要

网络资源用户中具在残障的群体，他们或者在认知方面存在障碍（如失聪、听力障碍、失明、视力障碍等）或由于衰老而引起残障，而这些身体上或认知上的障碍意味着他们在浏览使用网络信息的时候需要有适合他们需要的特殊元数据和界面。尽管每个人的残障情况各有不同，但是每一种情况都会有一些共同点。通过建立元数据应用纲要来对这共同点进行描述，使信息系统能够根据元数据纲要描述的不同来调节网络信息的显示和功能，同时又保证残障用户的隐私权，是本文的主要内容。本文作者为都柏林元数据提出了一个新的元素：DC：Adaptability，用这个元素来描述具有残障的个人（匿名）元数据纲要，并且为该元素提出了一套规范词，包括显示、控制、内容三个大类共22个规范用词，这些规范词照顾到了用户的个人隐私权，不对残障种类和个人需要或偏好作任何暗示。作者还解释了该纲要不仅可以用来为残障用户提供个人化的信息显示和操作，而且也可以用来为一般用户提供个人化的系统显示。     

Observations of Ground Zero: From the Outside

SUMMARY

Walking into what remains of one of the state's largest public libraries and finding no indication a library was ever there is indescribable. Walls, tables, and shelving gone. No sign of a book, a magazine, a computer, or a video found. Only the terrazzo floors, battered support columns, and a stiff summer breeze blowing unrestricted where large windows once offered spectacular views of the Gulf of Mexico remain. Helping libraries cope with such a disaster is the purpose of this article. The observations and conclusions are those of an outsider looking in, a much safer, but not necessarily wiser, place.     

A New Approach to Clustering Records in Information Retrieval Systems

This work introduces a new approach to record clustering where a hybrid algorithm is presented to cluster records based upon threshold values and the query patterns made to a particular database. The Hamming Distance of a file is used as a measure of space density. The objective of the algorithm is to minimize the Hamming Distance of the file while attaching significance to the most frequent queries being asked. Simulation experiments conducted proved that a great reduction in response time is yielded after the restructuring of a file. We study the space density properties of a file and how it affects retrieval time before and after clustering, as a means of predicting file performance and making appropriate choices of parameters. Criteria, such as, block size, threshold value, percentage of records satisfying a given set of queries, etc., which affect clustering and response time are also studied.     

基于心理契约的编者与作者关系优化

融洽的编者和作者关系促进双方的心理平衡、尊重、理解和认同,彼此间起激励作用;心理契约遭到破坏,编者和作者间产生失望、挫折和欺凌感,影响编者工作积极性和作者信任,甚至产生懈怠、报复或不端行为。本文基于心理契约,从微观视角,探讨编者和作者信任关系的构建与承诺履行机制,分析彼此间心理期望的内容、心理契约违背的感知、违背的危害及基于心理契约的编者和作者关系优化策略。     

沈从文:从图书馆走出来的文学大师

在中国现代文学史上,沈从文是一位独特的人物,他从读书、管书、写书、教书成为伟大的文学家、史学家,留给人们许多的思索,文章介绍了他不平凡的经历及利用图书馆自学、任职图书馆的历程,指出阅读改变人生,奋斗博出精彩的深刻哲理。     

Network assembly of scientific communities of varying size and specificity

How does the collaboration network of researchers coalesce around a scientific topic? What sort of social restructuring occurs as a new field develops? Previous empirical explorations of these questions have examined the evolution of co-authorship networks associated with several fields of science, each noting a characteristic shift in network structure as fields develop. Historically, however, such studies have tended to rely on manually annotated datasets and therefore only consider a handful of disciplines, calling into question the universality of the observed structural signature. To overcome this limitation and test the robustness of this phenomenon, we use a comprehensive dataset of over 189,000 scientific articles and develop a framework for partitioning articles and their authors into coherent, semantically related groups representing scientific fields of varying size and specificity. We then use the resulting population of fields to study the structure of evolving co-authorship networks. Consistent with earlier findings, we observe a global topological transition as the co-authorship networks coalesce from a disjointed aggregate into a dense giant connected component that dominates the network. We validate these results using a separate, complimentary corpus of scientific articles, and, overall, we find that the previously reported characteristic structural evolution of a scientific field's associated co-authorship network is robust across a large number of scientific fields of varying size, scope, and specificity. Additionally, the framework developed in this study may be used in other scientometric contexts in order to extend studies to compare across a larger range of scientific disciplines.     

Using Discipline-Based Professional Association Standards for Information Literacy Integration: A Review and Case Study

This article describes the outcome of a collaboration between a faculty member and a librarian to integrate information literacy into a graduate counseling psychology program. This collaboration used discipline-based standards from a professional association (the Association of Counselor Education and Supervision, ACES) to provide instructional goals, rather than utilizing the more traditional Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) standards. The authors discuss how using the discipline standards allows for a richer, more authentic collaboration, especially in a graduate program geared toward students who are already working in their field. Ultimately, using discipline standards could be a more effective way to promote information literacy in graduate and professional programs.     

The effects of narrative messages on optimistic bias in South Korea: a focus on controllability,collectivism, and risk perception in a massive fire crisis

This study examined the effect of narrative messages of a massive fire crisis on optimistic bias by experimentally comparing the effect of narrative describing a personal story on the crisis incident and that of non-narrative message (Study 1). Researchers further sought the interaction between controllability and the narrative message and the mediated moderation model of risk perception. In Study 2, the effect of narrative message describing a group story on the crisis incident on optimistic bias was further tested in terms of South Korea’s collectivistic culture. Collectivism, along with controllability, was used as a moderator, and mediated moderation models of risk perception were tested. The present research offers several major findings: (1) a narrative message describing a personal story decreased optimistic bias, (2) among people who read a narrative describing a personal story, those with high controllability had a lower level of optimistic bias than those with low controllability, (3) among people who read the narrative of a group story, those with high collectivism had a lower level of optimistic bias than those with low collectivism, and (4) the interaction between message types and collectivism affected risk perception and this risk perception increased optimistic bias. Theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.     

COLLABORATION,CONSENSUS, AND CONFLICT

Wikinews began in November 2004 as a collaborative online journalism project and sister project of Wikipedia, the well-known collaborative online encyclopedia. This article explores how Wikinews members have defined “news” and the ramifications of that definition for how they have been able to produce news collaboratively. One of the defining characteristics of Wikinews is a dedication to the neutral point of view (NPOV) policy, which was adopted from Wikipedia. NPOV serves as a structuring device for defining news, but also conducts a great deal of organizational work and is in turn structured by the discourses and debates of NPOV in stories. Further, a commitment to an organizational culture of consensus and collaboration, although not without handicaps in a news production environment, is a laudable achievement among Wikinews participants and could be a precursor to the way that citizen journalists will become more involved in news production in a sustainable way.