难治性强迫症与非难治性强迫症临床特征比较

目的 比较难治性强迫症与非难治性强迫症的临床特征之间的差异.方法 分别用YBOCS量表评估51例难治性强迫症和59例非难治性强迫症患者的强迫症状,并比较两组临床症状特征的差异.结果 难治性强迫症组中的强迫思维分(11.18±3.07)、强迫行为分(7.35±4.92)及强迫总分(18.53±6.09)均显著性高于非难治性强迫症组(8.12±4.01,4.59±4.67,12.63±5.67;P＜0.05).难治性强迫症与非难治性强迫症两组中有无伴发其他精神症状(x2=0.016,P=0.899)、有无阳性家族史(x2=0.053,P=0.818)、发病年龄(20.29±8.72,20.56±8.00; t=0.113,P=0.911)及病程(7.56±3.23,8.56±3.52;t=0.486,P=0.629)无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 难治性强迫症的临床症状严重程度(特别是强迫思维)显著性高于非难治性强迫症.     

强迫症的生活质量研究

目的探讨强迫症生活质量状况。方法采用汤旦林（TDL）生活质量量表评估生活质量。结果强迫症组的身体方面、心理方面、社会方面、尽职的能力、自我健康意识及TDL量表总分均显著地低于对照组。结论强迫症患者的生活质量较正常人差。     

难治性强迫症患者生命质量及影响因素

目的 探讨难治性强迫症患者生命质量及影响因素.方法 入组43例难治性强迫症患者进行SF-36Yale-Brown强迫量表(YBOCS)评定,对SF-36量表分值与一般情况进行相关性分析.结果 难治性强迫症患者组SF-36量表分值与正常人群相比,在生理职能(RP)、社会功能(SF)、情感职能(RE)、精神健康(MH)维度分数[(67.4±44.1)分,(70.0±29.8)分,(46.5±41.8)分,(47.7±17.1)分]均低于普通人群,而且差异均有显著性(P<0.05).有工作难治性强迫症患者在生理职能(RP)、社会功能(SF)维度分数[(81.2±33.9)分,(81.2±22.1)分]显著高于无工作患者(P<0.05).结论 难治性强迫症患者生命质量较正常人群差.起病年龄、是否工作与其生命质量相关.     

难治性抑郁症患者的危险因素分析

目的:探讨难治性抑郁症的相关危险因素。方法:将100例符合难治性抑郁症诊断标准的抑郁症患者与同期的非难治性抑郁症患者进行1∶1配比病例对照研究,采用自编一般情况调查表、人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)、社会支持量表以及生活事件量表对入组的抑郁症患者进行调查和评定,应用条件Logistic回归分析方法处理数据。结果:多因素条件Logistic回归分析表明,难治性抑郁症的危险因素是:应激性生活事件(OR=3.725,95%CI:1.684～7.282),社会支持差(OR=4.257,95%CI:1.790～9.887),神经质(OR=4.124,95%CI:1.776～8.231),伴人格障碍(OR=4.875,95%CI:2.432～10.245),伴人格解体(OR=0.384,95%CI:0.156～0.898),伴强迫症状(OR=0.401,95%CI:0.219～0.976),1年内未及时治疗(OR=0.406,95%CI:0.206～0.844)。结论:具有应激性生活事件、社会支持差、伴人格障碍、神经质(EPQ-N量表分)、伴人格解体症状、伴强迫症状、1年内未及时治疗是难治性抑郁症的主要危险因素。     

舍曲林单用与合并重复经颅磁刺激治疗难治性强迫症患者临床对照研究

目的:比较舍曲林单用或合并重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)治疗难治性强迫症患者的临床疗效。方法:将60例强迫症患者随机分成研究组(舍曲林+r TMS)和对照组(舍曲林+r TMS伪刺激),疗程8周。治疗前及治疗2、4、6、8周后进行耶鲁布朗强迫症状量表(Y-BOCS)评定,治疗2、4、6、8周后进行治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定,治疗前后进行世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表(WHOQOL-100)评定。结果:治疗4周末起两组Y-BOCS评分较治疗前显著降低(P均0.01);且研究组评分较对照组下降更显著(t=3.536、2.367、2.519;P0.05或P0.01)。治疗8周末研究组总有效率(92.9%)显著高于对照组(67.8%)(P0.05)。在治疗第8周末,研究组WHOQOL-100中社会关系、独立性、心理及生理评分显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);治疗第4周末研究组TESS评分显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论:舍曲林联合r TMS对难治性强迫症患者的疗效及生活质量影响均优于单用舍曲林。     

舍曲林合并奎硫平治疗难治性强迫症对照研究

目的:探讨舍曲林合并奎硫平治疗难治性强迫症的疗效和安全性。方法:64例难治性强迫症患者随机分为舍曲林合并奎硫平组和单用舍曲林组,疗程8周。采用Yale-Brown强迫症量表(Y-BOCS),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定疗效,用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定安全性。结果:治疗后合用组的显效率为56.3%,单用组的显效率为25.8%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.021,P=0.014);两组治疗后Y-BOCS、HAMA评分以合用组下降更明显(P<0.05或P<0.01);两组TESS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:舍曲林合并小剂量奎硫平治疗难治性强迫症可提高疗效,安全性较好。     

阿立哌唑治疗难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性

目的:探讨阿立哌唑治疗门诊难治性精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性。方法:204例入组患者符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版精神分裂症的诊断标准,且符合难治性精神分裂症的标准。所有患者接受为期8周的阿立哌唑开放性治疗,在基线、治疗2、4和8周采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,采用治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑治疗4周开始起效,治疗8周,有效率为55.4%。治疗4和8周,患者PANSS总分减分率有统计学意义(t=2.44,P<0.05;t=3.61,P<0.01),PANSS阳性分减分率有统计学意义(t=3.53,P<0.05;t=3.89,P<0.01),PANSS阴性分减分率有统计学意义(t=3.19,P<0.05;t=4.02,P<0.01)。主要不良反应为焦虑、头晕头痛、失眠、恶心呕吐、嗜睡等。结论:阿立哌唑对于难治性精神分裂症患者的治疗具有一定的疗效,不良反应少,耐受性较好。     

难治性强迫障碍患者的认知功能、生命质量与职业状态的关系

目的:探讨难治性强迫症患者的认知功能、生命质量与职业状态的关系。方法:选取2009年5月至2015年10月在我院强迫症专病门诊就诊的98例难治性强迫症患者为研究对象。将患者分为职业组和失业组,其中职业组56例,失业组42例。给予SF-36量表、可反复测查的成套神经心理状态评估工具(RBANS)、Stroop色词测验进行测评,并将两组测查结果进行比较。结果:在SF-36中,职业组难治性强迫症患者在生理职能(RP)、社会功能(SF)维度分显著高于失业组(P0.05)。在RBANS各项分及总分,职业组均高于失业组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:难治性强迫症患者存在认知职业和社会功能的障碍,工作和难治性强迫症患者心理特征可能是相互影响。     

经颅磁刺激在难治性老年躯体化障碍治疗中的价值分析

目的探讨经颅磁刺激在难治性老年躯体化障碍患者临床治疗中的价值。方法选取84例难治性老年躯体化障碍患者为研究对象,随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各42例。对照组予以药物治疗方案;研究组在上述基础上联合重复经颅刺激治疗。观察对比两组受试者治疗前、治疗3周、6周时匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)评估结果差异,记录其不良反应发生情况。结果治疗3周、6周后,两组受试者PSQI评分、HAMD、HAMA评分及SCL-90评分结果均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组受试者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(7.5%vs 7.3%,P>0.05)。结论经颅磁刺激疗法在促进难治性老年躯体化障碍患者病情转归、改善其预后质量等方面具有积极意义。     

氯氮平作为增效剂治疗难治性强迫症疗效观察

目的探讨氯氮平作为增效剂治疗难治性强迫症的疗效。方法对30例难治性强迫症患者在原抗抑郁剂治疗的基础上联合氯氮平治疗,氯氮平起始剂量25mg/d,平均剂量(100mg±23.76)mg/d;疗程8周;采用强迫量表(Y-BOCS)和副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效与不良反应。结果治疗第8周末,强迫量表治疗后与治疗前比较均有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论小剂量氯氮平可作为常规抗抑郁剂的增效剂治疗难治性强迫症。     

强迫障碍对患者生活质量影响的研究

目的探讨强迫障碍对患者生活质量的影响。方法采用TDL生活质量量表评估强迫障碍患者的生活质量。结果强迫障碍组的身体方面、心理方面、社会方面、尽职的能力、自我健康意识及TDL量表总分均显著地低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论强迫障碍对患者的生活质量影响很大,应积极治疗。     

Quality of life in anxiety disorders: a comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder

BACKGROUND: There is growing recognition that the anxiety disorders are disabling disorders associated with substantial morbidity and impaired quality of life (QOL). Nevertheless, there have been few studies comparing QOL across these conditions. SAMPLING AND METHODS: 337 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; n = 220), panic disorder (PD; n = 53), or social anxiety disorder (SAD; n = 64) were compared using a number of assessment scales to compare objective and subjective impairment in QOL. The association of QOL with symptom severity and comorbid depression was also assessed. RESULTS: The extent of impairment due to OCD, PD or SAD appears to be similar across the QOL scales. However, various domains are differentially affected in each of the disorders; OCD patients had more impairment in family life and activities of daily living; SAD patients had more impairment in social life and leisure activities, and PD patients were less able to avoid the use of nonprescribed drugs. QOL was lower in patients with increased symptom severity as well as in those with comorbid depression. CONCLUSIONS: While the extent of impairment appears similar across a number of different anxiety disorders, characteristic symptoms of each disorder may be associated with differential impairment of various domains of function, and may require specifically tailored interventions.     

Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on quality of life

BACKGROUND: Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been found to be the 10th leading cause of disability of all medical conditions in the industrialized world, comparatively little is known about psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QOL) in OCD, particularly with regard to their relationship with symptom severity. METHOD: Quality of life and psychosocial function of 197 adults were assessed as part of a larger intake interview for a 5-year prospective study of OCD course. Two self-report measures (the Quality of Life Enjoyment and the Medical Outcomes Survey 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) and 2 clinician-rated measures (the Range of Impaired Functioning Tool and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale), each with established reliability and validity, were administered. Symptom severity was assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). RESULTS: Quality of life was significantly impaired compared with published community norms with large effect sizes found for all domains assessed. The correlations (r) between all QOL measures and the YBOCS total score were significant, ranging from 0.40 to 0.77. Correlations between the YBOCS obsessions subscore and QOL measures were higher than those found between the YBOCS compulsions subscore and QOL. Insight as measured by the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale was significantly correlated with 5 of the 7 measures, although more modestly than the YBOCS correlations (r = 0.22 to 0.37). Subjects with a YBOCS score of 20 or higher had significant decline in QOL compared with those subjects with YBOCS scores lower than 20. Severity of obsessions and depressive symptoms, as well as marital status, were significant predictors of impairment in QOL. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that all aspects of QOL are markedly affected in individuals with OCD and are associated with OCD severity (particularly obsessional severity) and depression severity. Exploratory results suggest that QOL and psychosocial functioning begins to be more significantly affected at YBOCS scores higher than 20. This score might be considered as a threshold criterion for OCD for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.     

青少年强迫症与应激等的关系研究

目的：了解青少年强迫症发病与生活事件、应对方式和社会支持的关系.方法：对44例青少年强迫症患者和214名正常对照者进行一般社会人口学资料表、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、特质应对方式问卷（TCSQ）和领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）的测评.结果：与对照组相比,强迫症组在人际关系、学习压力、受惩罚、健康适应、应激总量的得分上均显著较高（P＜0.05）;强迫症组患者较多采用消极应对方式,较少采取积极应对方式,获得较少社会支持,与正常对照者比较差异非常显著（P＜0.01）.结论：青少年强迫症的发病与负性生活事件、不良应对方式和缺乏社会支持有关.     

强迫症患者抑制功能受损的脑影像学特征

目的分析强迫症患者是否存在抑制功能受损,及其抑制功能受损的脑影像学特征。方法16例首次发病未用药的强迫症患者(强迫症组)和18名健康对照者(对照组)完成测查抑制功能的Go-Nogo任务,同步采集被试者任务态脑影像数据。采用方差分析比较强迫症组和对照组在Go条件和Nogo条件下平均反应时和反应正确率的组间差异,以及在成功反应抑制与错误监测过程中脑激活特征的组间差异。结果在Nogo条件下,强迫症组的正确率显著低于对照组(0.85±0.08比0.93±0.51;t=-3.06,P<0.05);在错误监测过程中,2组大脑激活模式存在差异,强迫症组双侧颞下回(左侧:t=3.11;右侧:t=2.71)、右侧额中回(t=2.52)、右侧海马旁回(t=2.53)、左侧后扣带回(t=3.03)大脑活动增强(均P<0.05);双侧壳核(左侧:t=-3.03;右侧:t=-3.12)、右侧额下回(t=-3.29)、右侧额上回(t=-3.12)、右侧中央前回(t=-2.91)大脑活动显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论强迫症患者存在抑制功能受损,在错误监测过程中相关脑区的功能活动存在异常。     

Social functioning and quality of life comparisons between obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenic disorders.

Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder has focused almost exclusively on symptom reduction; however, deficits in social functioning and quality of life of individuals with this disorder may contribute more to their "burden," suffering, and disability. To gauge the significance of social dysfunction and quality of life of persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we made comparisons with a group of persons with schizophrenia matched for age and gender. Thirty-one patients with OCD participating in a partial hospital treatment program were compared with 68 schizophrenic outpatients participating in a day rehabilitation program. The Independent Living Skills Survey (ILSS) and Lehman Quality of Life Scale (QOL) were administered before and after treatment for both cohorts. QOL scores were significantly lower for the OCD patients both before and after treatment, but improved significantly during treatment. OCD and schizophrenic patients had similar scores on almost every domain of the ILSS at pretreatment. The OCD patients improved significantly on many of the domains of social and independent living skills as a result of treatment and acquired significantly greater skills by post-treatment than did their counterparts with schizophrenia; however, the performance of social and independent living skills by OCD patients remained less than satisfactory even in domains where they improved. In the areas of job and leisure skills, there were significant group-by-time interactions. We concluded that patients with severe OCD and patients with schizophrenia are equally socially impaired. However, OCD patients experience greater significant functional improvement with multimodal treatment.     

Quality of life and disability in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The aim of this study is to describe the situation of Spanish obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and compare it to that of the general population and other patient groups. METHODS: Thirty-six OCD patients on maintenance treatment were evaluated using the Y-BOCS, SF-36, and DAS-S. Their SF-36 scores were compared to Spanish norms and to those obtained from U.S. OCD patients, schizophrenic outpatients, depressed outpatients, heroin dependents, patients on hemodialysis, and kidney transplant recipients. RESULTS: Sixty-one percent of the patients had severe or extremely severe symptoms. Their quality of life was worse when compared with the Spanish norms in all SF-36 areas, but especially with respect to mental health. In contrast to U.S. OCD patients, social functioning is more impaired in the Spanish OCD patients. OCD patients reported the same quality of life as schizophrenics in the areas of mental health, but better in the areas of physical health. Compared with heroin dependents and depressed patients, their quality of life was worse. On mental health scales, OCD patients scored worse than somatic patients. CONCLUSIONS: OCD in the Spanish population was shown to be associated with worse quality of life than for any other patient group (including physical groups), except schizophrenics.     

Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: an evaluation of impairment and a preliminary analysis of the ameliorating effects of treatment

Despite the substantial impairments in life functioning associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), treatment outcome evaluations have focused almost exclusively on symptom reduction, a focus that may be too narrow to determine whether clinically significant change has occurred. Quality of life (QOL) impairment was evaluated in a clinical OCD sample (N=188) using a multidimensional life satisfaction measure. Relationships between treatment response and QOL change also were evaluated with a subsample of participants (n=120). Congruent with previous studies of OCD, substantial pretreatment QOL impairment was found across all life domains. Distinct treatment change subgroups were identified: a group reporting strong symptom reduction and very good QOL gains, a second group with significant symptom reduction but less robust QOL improvements, and a third group with limited symptom gains and QOL decreases. Implications for understanding OCD-related impairment and the clinical significance of treatment outcomes are discussed.     

首发强迫症患者的生活质量与心理防御机制

目的：探讨首发强迫症患者的生活质量与心理防御机制及其关系。方法：采用健康评定量表（SF-36）和防御方式问卷（DSQ）,对35例首发强迫症患者（患者组）和31名健康对照者（对照组）进行生活质量和心理防御机制的评估。结果：患者组SF-36评分除生理功能（t=0.69,P=0.487）和躯体疼痛（t=1.25,P=0.216）维度外,其他维度（生理职能、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感职能和精神健康）评分均低于对照组（t=3.41、6.76、6.71、2.01、5.88、7.02,P均〈0.001）。患者组DSQ评分更多的使用不成熟防御机制,更少使用成熟型防御机制（P〈0.01）;不成熟防御机制的使用与躯体疼痛、活力、情感职能和精神健康维度存在显著负相关（r=-0.516、-0.393、-0.378、-0.518,P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;成熟防御机制的使用与总体健康、活力、情感职能和精神健康维度存在显著性正相关（r=0.515、0.441、0.253、0.410,P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论：首发强迫症患者较多使用不成熟防御机制,生活质量显著下降,心理防御机制是影响强迫症患者生活质量的因素之一。