单纯脑白质疏松症与皮质下动脉硬化性脑病患者记忆障碍的对比研究

目的比较单纯脑白质疏松症(LA)与皮质下动脉硬化性脑病(SAE)患者记忆障碍的特征。方法采用临床记忆量表对单纯LA、SAE患者各30例进行记忆功能检测及简易精神状态量表(MMSE)检测,并与30名健康老年人比较。结果单纯LA组患者各项记忆量表成绩及记忆商(MQ)均明显低于健康对照组(均P<0.01),其中图像自由回忆(12±5)、人像特点联系回忆(16±5)下降明显;单纯LA组各项记忆量表成绩及MQ均高于SAE组(P<0.05～0.01),其中SAE组患者指向记忆(10±7)、联想学习(14±5)明显下降;单纯LA组无痴呆发生,SAE组22例MMSE≤19分,痴呆发生率73.33%;MQ>70的患者痴呆发生率明显低于MQ≤69的患者(P<0.01)。结论(1)单纯LA组患者有明显记忆障碍,但程度明显轻于SAE患者;(2)单纯LA组患者无痴呆发生,SAE组痴呆发生率高,且与记忆损害程度成正比。     

脑白质疏松症与Binswanger病认知功能障碍的对比研究

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍与痴呆在单纯脑白质疏松症(LA)、Binswanger病(BD)及脑白质疏松症合并脑梗死(LA CI)中的临床诊断价值.方法单纯LA组27例,BD组33例,LA CI组31例,对照组30例,行简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、临床记忆量表测验(CMS)、轻度认知功能障碍的认知评定并对比分析.结果单纯LA组、BD组、LA CI组MMSE及CMS成绩均明显低于对照组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);单纯LA组MMSE及CMS成绩明显高于BD组、LA CI组,差异有显著意义(P＜0.05);单纯LA组认知损害以轻度认知功能障碍为主(77.8%),无1例痴呆;BD组中度认知功能障碍占24.2%,痴呆占75.8%;LA CI组以中度认知功能障碍(19.4%)和痴呆(77.4%)为主.结论轻度认知功能障碍是诊断单纯LA的临床参考指标.中度认知功能障碍和痴呆是诊断BD和LA CI的临床参考指标.     

Binswanger病、脑白质疏松症及其合并脑梗死患者的认知功能障碍

目的　探讨Binswanger病 (BD)、脑白质疏松症 (LA)及LA合并脑梗死 (LA +CI)患者的认知功能障碍程度及其临床意义。方法　采用简易精神状态量表 (MMSE)和临床记忆量表 (CMS)检查BD(33例 )、LA(2 7例 )、LA +CI(31例 )患者及健康对照者 (30名 )的认知功能状态 ,并比较其障碍的程度。结果　 (1)BD组、LA组、LA +CI组MMSE及CMS评分均明显低于对照组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。 (2 )BD组、LA +CI组MMSE及CMS评分均明显低于LA组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。 (3)LA组轻度认知功能障碍 2 1例 (77 8% ) ;BD组中度认知功能障碍 8例 (2 4 2 % ) ,痴呆 2 5例 (75 .8% ) ;LA +CI组中度认知功能障碍 6例 (19 4 % ) ,痴呆 2 4例 (77 4 % )。结论LA大多有轻度认知功能障碍 ,而BD和LA +CI多为中度认知功能障碍和痴呆。认知功能障碍的程度是临床诊断BD、LA的参考指标。     

老年人脑白质疏松症和Binswanger病认知功能的对比研究

目的探讨认知功能障碍程度在老年人脑白质疏松症(LA)和Binswanger病(BD)中的诊断价值。方法采用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)和临床记忆量表(CMS)检查LA、BD患者及健康对照者,比较各组认知功能障碍者的比例。结果①LA组、BD组MMSE及CMS评分均明显低于健康对照组(P均小于0.05)。②BD组MMSE及CMS评分明显低于LA组(P均小于0.05)。③LA组轻度认知功能障碍21例(77.8%);BD组中度认知功能障碍8例(24.2%),痴呆25例(75.8%)。结论LA多有轻度认知功能障碍,而BD多表现为中度认知功能障碍和痴呆。认知功能障碍的程度是临床诊断LA、BD的参考指标。     

血清组胺与脑白质疏松症认知功能障碍的相关性

目的探讨血清组胺水平与脑白质疏松症(LA)认知功能障碍的相关性。方法本文161例,根据头颅MRI表现分为LA组131例和对照组(无LA及认知功能障碍)30例。LA中根据轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)诊断标准及临床痴呆量表筛选出MCI 71例及痴呆30例,无MCI 30例。故分为LA无MCI 30例,LA伴MCI 71例;LA伴痴呆组30例,对照组30例。分析比较4组患者血清组胺值差异情况。结果 LA无MCI组血清组胺含量较正常组高(P0.05);LA伴MCI组血清组胺含量较LA无MCI组高(P0.05);LA伴痴呆组血清组胺含量较LA伴MCI组高(P0.05)。结论 LA患者血清组胺含量高于对照组提示组胺可能参与LA的发生;LA伴痴呆患者血清组胺含量高于LA伴MCI患者,而LA伴MCI患者血清组胺含量高于LA无MCI,提示组胺可能参与LA患者认知功能障碍的发生发展,且与认知功能障碍的严重程度相关。     

不同分级的脑白质疏松症患者认知功能障碍的特点

目的研究不同分级脑白质疏松(LA)患者各自认知功能障碍的特点。方法将80例LA患者按照头颅MRI像上白质疏松程度分为4组,用简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)评定其整体认知功能及各个分项评分。通过统计分析,判定各组间认知功能是否存在统计学差异。结果 MMSE总分在LA各组间比较P>0.05。注意力评分,LA 4级组评分显著低于LA 1级组评分(P<0.05)。延时记忆分数评分,LA 3组评分显著低于LA 1组评分;LA 4级组评分显著低于LA 1级组和LA 2级组评分(P<0.05)。结论 LA不同分级患者整体认知功能差别不大,但在注意力及延时记忆中,LA分级越严重组越容易出现损害。     

帕金森病患者的记忆障碍

采用 临床记忆量表 甲套及简明精神状态检查表 ( MMSE)对 60例帕金森病 ( PD)患者进行测试。结果 :PD组记忆商 ( MQ)在 89以下者 4 8例 ( 80 % ) ,较正常人明显增多 ( P<0 .0 1)。60～ 69岁及 70～ 79岁两年龄组的联想学习等反映语文记忆的分测验成绩均显著低于常模组 ( P<0 .0 1) ,无意义图形再认成绩与常模组相近。老年 PD组的 MQ显著好于非老年 PD组 ( P<0 .0 5)。MQ在 69以下者 2 1例 ,痴呆 5例 ;MQ在 70以上者 39例 ,痴呆仅 1例。提示 PD患者有明显记忆障碍 ;PD的记忆损害以左半球为主 ;记忆损害越明显 ,痴呆发生率就越高     

脑白质疏松症患者认知功能与血浆生长抑素含量的变化

目的 探讨脑白质疏松症（LA）患者认知功能和血浆生长抑素（SS）含量的关系。方法 研究对象分为LA痴呆组26例,LA非痴呆组47例和正常对照组38例。3组均接受长谷川痴呆量表（HDS）评定及血浆SS含量的检测。结果 与对照组比较,LA患者（包括痴呆组和非痴呆组）HDS评分和血浆SS含量均明显下降（均P＜0．001）;LA痴呆组与LA非痴呆组比较,HDS评分也明显下降（P＜0．001）;血浆SS含量虽有下降,但没有显著差异（P＞0．05）。结论 LA可影响认知功能,在患者尚未发生痴呆之前,血浆SS含量就已下降,推测LA患者认知功能障碍可能与体内SS下降有关。     

血管性痴呆与脑白质疏松的相关研究

目的探讨血管性痴呆(VaD)与脑白质疏松症(LA)的相关性.方法对104例LA患者应用分级法将LA分为4级LA1-LA4;应用MMSE和Hachinski量表诊断VaD.结果与LA1组比较,LA3LA4组VaD发生率有明显上升(P＜0.01),MMSE评分有明显下降(P＜0.01).结论LA的损伤程度与VaD发生率呈正相关,LA分级愈高,痴呆的程度愈重.     

老年脑白质疏松合并高血压对患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨老年脑白质疏松(LA)合并高血压对患者认知功能的影响。方法选取2014年1月~2015年1月期间于我院神经内科门诊就诊或病房收治的42例老年LA合并高血压患者为研究对象,归为老年LA伴高血压组,并选择同期40例无脑白质病变的单纯老年高血压患者归为老年高血压组,以及来我院体检的30例健康老年人作为老年健康对照组。以蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Mo CA)评估3组的认知功能。结果老年LA伴高血压组的视空间与执行功能、命名、注意力、抽象及延迟回忆的评分及总分均显著低于老年健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。且视空间与执行功能、抽象的评分及总分均显著低于老年高血压组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。老年LA伴高血压组的认知功能损害发生率显著高于老年高血压组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与老年高血压和健康老人相比,老年LA合并高血压患者的认知功能明显减退,认知功能障碍率明显升高,故需要对这些老年患者定期检测认知功能,对认知功能障碍进行早期干预。     

脑白质疏松的临床意义

分析４０例痴呆患者、１２０例无痴呆脑血管病患者及６０例临床既无痴呆也无脑血管病病史的“正常”老人ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ资料，脑白质疏松的发生率由高到低依次为痴呆（６２．５０％）、脑血管病（３４．１７％）和“正常”老人（１５．００％）。推测脑白质疏松的病理生理基础是脑室周围半卵圆区缺血、缺氧及炎症反应所致脑白质神经纤维脱髓鞘。脑白质疏松可能加重或导致智能障碍。     

颞叶癫痫认知下降特点及其相关因素分析

目的:比较颞叶癫痫海马硬化者和非海马硬化者之间认知的差别,并分析颞叶癫痫患者认知下降的相关性因素。方法:收集110例颞叶癫痫患者临床资料,包括发病年龄、病程、发作情况;用修订韦氏记忆和韦氏智力量表来评价患者的记忆和智力水平;总结手术后患者的病理资料以确定患者是否伴有海马硬化。结果:伴有海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商分别为37．4±10．0,81．8±19．1;非海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商分别为42．0±8．2,88．3±13．4,伴有海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商显著低于非海马硬化颞叶癫痫患者的长期记忆和总记忆商(P值分别为0．01和0．049)。左侧起源与右侧起源的颞叶癫痫患者的语言智商分别为88．9±9．8和95．0±11．4,二者相比有显著性差异(P=0．013<0．05)。颞叶癫痫患者的总记忆商与癫痫病程呈负相关(r=-0．256,P=0．007<0．01),操作智商与癫痫发作频率呈负相关(r=-0．206,P=0．031<0．05),总智商与教育程度呈正相关(r=0．189,P=0．048<0．05)。结论:海马硬化的颞叶癫痫患者比非海马硬化的颞叶癫痫患者具有更差的长期记忆和总记忆商,左侧起源的颞叶癫痫患者比右侧起源的颞叶癫痫患者语言智商损伤更明显。颞叶癫痫患者病程越长其记忆商越差;癫痫发作越频繁其操作智商越差;教育对保护颞叶癫痫患者的智能有一定的作用。     

Leukoaraiosis in stroke patients

Pathogenesis of leukoaraiosis (LA) is not clearly understood and its significance in patients with stroke remains undetermined. In the Neurology Department of Ankara Hospital, computed tomography (CT) examination of brain was performed for various reasons in 288 patients. LA was detected in 178 patients by the use of brain CT. Patients with LA had a higher incidence of hypertension history (70.8%) when compared with the non-LA group (57.3%; p <.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of sex, mean age, smoking, diabetes mellitus, history of cerebrovascular disease, cardiac failure, ischemic cardiac disease between patients with and without LA. We showed that LA is related to hypertension but not related to age, diabetes mellitus, or cardiac disease in our patient population.     

Memory and executive function impairment predict dementia in Parkinson's disease.

We analyzed the association of neuropsychological test impairment at baseline with the development of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. A cohort of nondemented PD patients from northern Manhattan, NY was followed annually with neurological and neuropsychological evaluations. The neuropsychological battery included tests of verbal and nonverbal memory, orientation, visuospatial ability, language, and abstract reasoning. The association of baseline neuropsychological tests scores with incident dementia was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. The analysis controlled for age, gender, education, duration of PD, and the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score at baseline. Forty-five out of 164 patients (27%) became demented during a mean follow-up of 3.7 +/- 2.3 years. Four neuropsychological test scores were significantly associated with incident dementia in the Cox model: total immediate recall (RR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97, P = 0.001) and delayed recall (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.59-0.91, P = 0.005) of the Selective Reminding Test (SRT), letter fluency (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99, P = 0.03), and Identities and Oddities of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.73-0.98, P = 0.03). When the analysis was performed excluding patients with a clinical dementia rating of 0.5 (questionable dementia) at baseline evaluation, total immediate recall and delayed recall were still predictive of dementia in PD. Our results indicate that impairment in verbal memory and executive function are associated with the development of dementia in patients with PD.     

Leukoaraiosis Severity and List-Learning in Dementia

In patients with dementia, leukoaraiosis (LA) was hypothesized to result in differential patterns of impairment on a verbal serial list-learning test. Using a visual rating scale, 144 dementia patients with ischemic scores <4 were re-categorized as having mild (n = 73), moderate (n = 44), or severe LA (n = 27). Mild LA was predicted to be associated with an amnestic list-learning profile, while severe LA was predicted to be associated with a dysexecutive profile. List-learning performances were standardized to a group of healthy older adults (n = 24). Analyses were conducted on a set of four factors derived from the list-learning paradigm, as well as error scores. Data indicate that LA severity is an important marker for understanding list learning in dementia.     

Alterations in working memory as a function of leukoaraiosis in dementia

Dementia research suggests executive dysfunction is best understood within the context of disease-specific neuropathology. Leukoaraiosis (LA) results in executive dysfunction yet little is known about its impact on specific aspects of working memory (WM). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between MRI LA severity and WM in dementia. A visual rating scale was used to assign patients with dementia into groups with minimal-mild LA (Low LA; n=34) and moderate-severe LA (High LA; n=32). A modified Digit Span Backward Task consisting of 3-, 4-, and 5-span trials measured specific components of WM. Short-term storage and rehearsal in WM were assessed by the total number of digits reported regardless of recall order (ANY-ORDER; e.g., 47981 recalled '18943', score=4). Mental manipulation in the form of disengagement and temporal re-ordering was assessed by the total number of digits recalled in correct position (SERIAL-ORDER; e.g., 47981 recalled '18943', score=3). There was no difference between LA groups on ANY-ORDER comparisons. The High LA group obtained lower SERIAL-ORDER scores than the Low LA group. Stepwise regression analyses were conducted that first entered MMSE scores then composite z-scores reflecting executive functioning, language and memory. ANY-ORDER performance variance was explained solely by dementia severity. SERIAL-ORDER performance variance was further explained by executive dysfunction. Results suggest that high degrees of LA do not interfere with immediate (digit) recall but do interfere with disengagement and temporal re-ordering. LA may disconnect the frontal lobes from subcortical and cortical structures that form the neuronal networks critical for these WM functions.     

Assessment of free and cued recall in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular and frontotemporal dementia with 24-item Grober and Buschke test

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the most common forms of dementia. It is well known that memory deficits in AD are different from those in VaD and FTD, especially with respect to cued recall. The aim of this clinical study was to compare the memory performance in 15 AD, 10 VaD and 9 FTD patients and 20 normal controls by means of a 24-item Grober-Buschke test [8]. The patients’ groups were comparable in terms of severity of dementia. We considered free and total recall (free plus cued) both in immediate and delayed recall and computed an Index of Sensitivity to Cueing (ISC) [8] for immediate and delayed trials. We assessed whether cued recall predicted the subsequent free recall across our patients’ groups. We found that AD patients recalled fewer items from the beginning and were less sensitive to cueing supporting the hypothesis that memory disorders in AD depend on encoding and storage deficit. In immediate recall VaD and FTD showed a similar memory performance and a stronger sensitivity to cueing than AD, suggesting that memory disorders in these patients are due to a difficulty in spontaneously implementing efficient retrieval strategies. However, we found a lower ISC in the delayed recall compared to the immediate trials in VaD than FTD due to a higher forgetting in VaD.     

短暂性脑缺血发作患者的记忆功能研究

目的 观察颈内动脉系统短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)的患者在症状消失后是否遗留记忆障碍;并探讨颈内动脉狭窄、TIA的病程,次数及持续时间的长短对记忆功能的影响。方法 35例颈内动脉系统TIA患者在末次发作后平均(8±6)天接受临床记忆量表(甲套)的测试,61名正常对照者也接受同样的量表测试。结果(1)TIA患者的记忆商(memory quotient,MQ),总量表分及其指向记忆、联想学习、图像自由回忆和人像特点联系回忆项的等值量表分与正常对照相比,均有明显下降,而两组在无意义图形再认项的评分上无显著性差异(P>0.05)(2)TIA组内伴颈内动脉狭窄者的总量表分和无意义图形再认项的等值量表分均明显低于无狭窄者(P<0.05)。(3)TIA的病程、发作次数及持续时间的长短与临床记忆量表的MQ及各项等值量表分之间均无明显的相关性(P>0.05)。结论(1)颈内动脉系统TIA患者在症状消失后可遗留不同程度的短时记忆障碍。(2)伴颈内动脉狭窄的TIA患者与无狭窄者相比短时记忆尤其是视觉记忆损害更重。(3)TIA患者的病程、发作次数及每次发作持续时间的长短对记忆功能无明显影响。     

忆立福治疗多发梗塞性痴呆40例临床分析

目的 应用忆立福(阿尼西坦)对40例轻、中度多发梗塞性痴呆进行治疗，评价该药在治疗中的疗效和不良反应。方法采用治疗前后临床疗效自身对照法。结果 治疗后HDS、MMSE、ADL、MQ均较治疗前有明显改善，治疗前后对比有显著性差异。结论 忆立福对多发梗塞性痴呆有较好的改善记忆障碍及提高日常生活能力的作用，且无明显副反应，安全性好。