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1.
目的探讨轮状病毒性肠炎患儿的肝脏损害问题。方法采用回顾性分析的方法对124例轮状病毒性肠炎患儿肝脏受损情况进行总结。结果轮状病毒性肠炎合并肝脏损害的发生率为10.48%。ALT均在1—3周恢复正常。肝脏损害与年龄差异有非常显著性(x^2=8.86,P〈0.01);与脱水、酸中毒差异无显著性(x^2=1.6,P〉0.05);与发热差异无显著性(x^2=1.00,P〉0.05)。结论病毒血症可能是轮状病毒性肠炎合并肝脏损害的发病机制。临床工作者在轮状病毒性肠炎的诊治过程中,应注意肠道外的肝脏受损的防治。  相似文献   

2.
目的 探讨轮状病毒肠道外感染患儿血清甘露聚糖结合蛋白(MBP)水平的变化及其与轮状病毒肠道外感染的关系.方法 采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定76例轮状病毒肠道外感染患儿和63例单纯轮状病毒肠炎患儿不同病程中的血清MBP水平以及50例健康对照组小儿血清MBP水平.结果 轮状病毒肠道外感染患儿急性期血清MBP为(176.35±113.12)μg/L,明显低于单纯轮状病毒肠炎急性期水平(392.27±128.96)μg/L以及健康对照组小儿MBP血清水平(676.25±248.63)μg/L,差异有显著性(P<0.001);轮状病毒肠道外感染患儿恢复期血清MBP水平为(358.63±106.54)μg/L,低于单纯轮状病毒肠炎恢复期水平[(558.49±173.24)μg/L]以及健康对照组小儿血清MBP水平,差异有显著性(P<0.001);轮状病毒肠道外感染导致的肺炎、肝损害、心肌损害以及中枢神经系统损害急性期患儿血清MBP水平分别为(198.24±126.47)μg/L、(169.34±124.38)μg/L、(184.62±123.64)μg/L、(180.74±126.86)μg/L,差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 轮状病毒肠道外感染患儿急性期及恢复期血清MBP水平明显低于单纯轮状病毒肠炎急性期及恢复期血清MBP水平,但轮状病毒肠道外感染导致的不同肠道外脏器损害患儿急性期血清MBP水平无显著差异;轮状病毒肠道外感染的发生与血清MBP水平低下密切相关.  相似文献   

3.
目的 探讨婴幼儿轮状病毒感染致肠外脏器损害的状况,分析可能引起肠外脏器损害的相关危险因素以及降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)在多脏器损害中的临床意义.方法 选取103例轮状病毒感染患儿(感染组)和同时期的65例非感染的急性腹泻患儿(对照组),比较两组患儿肠外脏器损害的情况;同时对轮状病毒感染后可能引起肠外脏器损害的相关危险因素进行分析,分析血清PCT与多脏器损害的关系.结果 感染组罹患呼吸道感染、心肌损害以及肝脏损害的发生率明显高于对照组(P<0.05).高热是心肌损害的高危因素.而PCT水平在多脏器损害组中明显高于未损害组以及仅有一个脏器损害组(P<0.05).结论 轮状病毒感染易引起肠道外的脏器损害;高热是心肌损害的高危因素;而PCT的升高提示轮状病毒感染可能引起肠外多个脏器功能损害.  相似文献   

4.
近年来,轮状病毒(RV)肠炎合并肠道外损害的病例逐渐增多,但对RV肠炎合并心肌损害的临床报道较少.我科自2003年9月~2005年1月对293例RV肠炎患儿进行了心肌酶谱及心电图检查,发现合并心肌损害152例.现报道如下.  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨轻度胃肠炎伴婴幼儿良性惊厥( benign infantile convulsion with mild gastroenteri-tis ,BICE)的临床特点和诊治经验。方法对2012年8月至2013年11月该院收住的符合BICE诊断标准的20例患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 BICE患儿全身症状不重,脱水轻~中度或无,惊厥呈大发作形式,每次惊厥发作持续时间短,在一次病程中可发作多次,无神经系统阳性体征。绝大多数患儿伴有代谢性酸中毒,阴离子间隙位于正常范围的高限,个别有轻度电解质异常,轮状病毒检测阳性率并不高,血常规、脑脊液、CT/MRI、脑电图等无明显异常。 BICE患儿经补液处理后惊厥容易控制,预后好。结论 BICE发病的原因可能与呕吐腹泻、进食不佳导致内环境酸碱失衡(常见为代谢性酸中毒)有关。  相似文献   

6.
李莺  徐仑 《实用儿科临床杂志》2007,22(24):1880-1882
目的探讨婴儿捂热综合征(IMS)死亡的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2002年1月-2007年2月63例IMS患儿的临床资料,按照是否并代谢性酸中毒、高血糖、低血钙、超高热,及儿童危重病例评分(PCIS)、脏器衰竭数目对患儿进行分组,对各项危险因素行χ^2检验,比较组间患儿的病死率。结果63例患儿住院期间病死率为22.1%。并代谢性酸中毒与未并代谢性酸中毒患儿病死率比较差异有统计学意义(RR=3.20,95%CI=1.0~10.24,χ^2=4.76P〈0.05),且病死率随着血pH降低而升高(Pearson列联系数=0.49,χ^2=9.80P〈0.05)。存活48例与15例死亡患儿PCIS评分相比有显著差异(t=7.798P〈0.05)。PCIS≤80分与〉80分患儿的病死率相比有显著差异(RR=12.73,95%CI=1.78~91.04,χ^2=13.24P〈0.05)。血糖〉12mmol/L的患儿与血糖〈12mmol/L的患儿相比差异有统计学意义(RR=3.73,95%CI=1.46~9.54,χ^2=8.73P〈0.05)。并低血钙与未并低血钙的患儿病死率相比有显著差异(RR=3.0,95%CI=1.23—7.31,χ^2=6.30P〈0.05)。体温≥41℃与体温〈41℃的患儿病死率相比有显著差异(RR=3.0,95%CI=1.34~6.74,χ^2=3.97P〈0.05)。脏器衰竭≥3个与脏器衰竭〈3个的患儿病死率相比有显著差异(RR=7.88,95%a=2.85~21.78,χ^2=17.66P〈0.05)。结论代谢性酸中毒、高血糖、低血钙、超高热、低PCIS评分及多脏器衰竭可能是IMS的死亡危险因素。  相似文献   

7.
轮状病毒肠道外损害105例临床分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 了解新疆奎屯地区2005年1月~2007年1月轮状病毒(RV)感染及其肠道外损害的状况.方法 对105例RV感染患儿的各系统损害从临床表现、实验室检查等方面作临床统计.结果 单纯RV感染者20例(19%);RV感染肠道外损害85例(81%),包括呼吸系统、循环系统、中枢神经系统及其他消化系统损害.结论 RV感染致肠道外病变表现多样化,以呼吸道、心脏、神经系统受累常见,提示RV感染者有新的感染途径及靶器官.  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨血清硫化氢(H,S)在热性惊厥(FS)发生发展过程中的病理生理学作用及其与血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)的相关性。方法选择2012年3月15日至11月10日就诊于南方医科大学珠江医院儿科中心的65例Fs合并急性上呼吸道感染患儿为Fs组,51例急性上呼吸道感染伴发热的患儿为上感组,同期于门诊体检的43例健康儿童为健康对照组。采用酶标仪测定各组儿童血清H2S与NSE水平。结果Fs组患儿血清H2s水平显著低于上感组和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均〈0.01);血清NSE水平均显著高于上感组和健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P均〈0.01)。上感组患儿血清H2S、NSE水平与健康对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P均〉0.05)。FS组患儿血清H2s水平与血清NSE水平呈负相关(r=-0.279,P=0.024);不同惊厥发作次数(〈2次和≥2次)患儿血清NSE水平比较差异有统计学意义(t=-2.955,P=0.004);惊厥发作次数与血清H2s水平呈负相关(r=-0.269,P=0.03),与血清NSE水平呈正相关(r=0.322,P=0.009);惊厥持续时间(≥5rain)与血清H2S水平呈负相关(r=-0.532,P=0.019)。结论H2s可作为评估早期惊厥性脑损伤的客观指标,也可能是Fs发生的重要因素。  相似文献   

9.
杨雯  王书孝 《临床儿科杂志》2012,30(10):927+934
轮状病毒(rotavirus,RV)腹泻也称"秋季腹泻",是引起儿童腹泻的主要病原体。近年来,RV感染的肠道外表现逐渐引起临床医师关注。除对呼吸道和胃肠道侵犯外,RV对心肌损害尤为显著,严重者会导致心源性休克或猝死。RV已经成为儿童病毒性心肌炎的常见致病病毒。本研究观察比较RV抗原阳性和阴性腹泻患儿的心肌损害情况。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨轮状病毒肠炎合并肝脏损害的临床特征及护理方法。方法对485例轮状病毒肠炎患儿进行肝功能及肝脏B超检查,对其中108例合并肝脏损害者进行分析。结果肝脏损害患儿中,丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)升高者30例,占27.8%;天冬氨酸转移酶(AST)升高者18例,占16.7%;γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)升高者10例,占9.3%;ALT和AST2项酶同时升高者24例,占22.3%;ALT、AST和γ-GT3项同时升高者12例,占11.1%;转氨酶升高伴胆红素(TBIL或DBIL)升高者3例,占2.7%;肝功能异常伴肝肿大者8例,占7.4%。90%病例于2周内肝功能恢复正常。结论轮状病毒肠炎可同时合并肝脏损害,其中以ALT及AST升高为最多见,经过一般抗病毒及护肝治疗及细致的护理后,90%病例2周恢复正常。  相似文献   

11.
目的了解热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血的关系。方法检测88例热性惊厥患儿的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞平均容积、红细胞平均血红蛋白、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、血清铁、血清铁蛋白,并以同期住院的76例呼吸道、肠道感染而无惊厥患儿为对照组,将两组数据进行统计分析。结果热性惊厥组缺铁性贫血的发生率为61.36%,对照组为43.42%,血红蛋白、血清铁含量与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);而且复杂型热性惊厥的缺铁性贫血的发生率占85%,与单纯型比较亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论血清铁与小儿热性惊厥密切相关,缺铁性贫血可能是引起热性惊厥的原因之一。  相似文献   

12.
目的 探讨心肌肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)在呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)感染中的动态变化规律,并分析CK-MB/CK对于心肌损害的诊断价值.方法 2010年至2013年在本院住院RSV感染伴有CK-MB/CK> 5%的患儿,共577例,其中男317例,女260例,年龄2~18个月,其中心肌损害共44例,比较伴有心肌损害与未伴有心肌损害RSV感染患儿的CK-MB动态变化规律,并对采用营养心肌治疗和常规治疗的患儿CK-MB进行对比分析,采用受试者操作特征曲线分析CK-MB/CK对心肌损害的预测价值.结果 RSV感染患儿约46.5%伴有CK-MB异常,少数(3.5%)伴有心肌损害,伴有心肌损害与未伴有心肌损害RSV感染患儿CK-MB达到高峰及持续异常时间不同,未伴有心肌损害患儿是否营养心肌治疗CK-MB差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CK-MB/CK预测心肌损害曲线下面积为0.663(95% CI 0.578,0.747).结论 CK-MB在小儿RSV感染过程中有其固有的变化规律,对于心肌损害的诊断价值低.  相似文献   

13.
The aetiology of rotavirus and adenovirus in acute gastroenteritis was studied in a prospective series that comprised 283 children admitted consecutively with diarrhoea during a 1-year period. Rotavirus was associated in 49% of the cases by solid-phase radioimmunoassay and electron microscopical examination of stool specimens, or by serology. Adenovirus was detected by radioimmunoassay in the stool specimens of 29 (11%) patients, including 8 cases of possible dual infection with rotavirus. Rotavirus infections showed a typical age distribution and seasonal clustering between January and June, whereas the adenovirus-associated cases did not form a distinctive subgroup. Enteropathogenic bacteria were found in 10% of cases, and were nearly as common in association with rotavirus infection as not. Respiratory symptoms accompanied diarrhoea in 34% of the patients with rotavirus and in 25% of those with neither rotavirus nor adenovirus. Therefore we could not confirm the existence of a ''rotavirus syndrome'', nor could we confirm an association of respiratory symptoms with rotavirus infection. Use of antibiotics before the onset of diarrhoea was more common among those with non-viral diarrhoea (23%) than in the rotavirus group (13%). Rotavirus infections appeared to be common among cases of ''antibiotic-induced'' diarrhoea.  相似文献   

14.
Aim: Rotavirus and norovirus gastro‐enteritis (GE) are common in children. Complications, except severe dehydration, are rare. Rotavirus was known to cause seizures and even GE encephalopathy, but these complications are less described in norovirus infection. The objective of this study is to compare the demographic features, clinical manifestations including the incidence of afebrile seizure, and the outcomes in children with rotavirus and norovirus infections. Methods: This is a retrospective review of children between age 1 month and 6 years admitted to the paediatric department of a regional hospital in Hong Kong with rotavirus and norovirus infections over a period of 3 years from 1 June 2006 to 31 May 2009. Their demographic data, clinical features, laboratory results and outcomes were compared and analysed. Results: Two hundred and thirty‐two children with rotavirus and 173 children with norovirus GE were admitted within the study period. Afebrile seizure commonly occurred in norovirus infection (8.67% vs. 1.29%, P < 0.001). Children with rotavirus infection had higher temperature and more diarrhoea episodes, while more blood‐stained stool was noted in the norovirus group. Rotavirus‐infected patients stayed longer in hospital. All of them had full recovery without any complication. Among the 18 patients who developed afebrile convulsions, 17 of them had neuroimaging performed, which was normal. Fourteen of them had electroencephalogram (EEG) performed, demonstrating normal or non‐specific findings. None of them developed subsequent seizure attack after the GE episode. Conclusions: Norovirus is more commonly associated with benign convulsion in GE than rotavirus. We need to identify the presence of virus, in particular norovirus, in children with GE and afebrile generalised tonic–clonic seizure. Further neuro‐investigations may not be necessary once the aetiology is established. Prognosis is excellent in this group of children and prophylactic anticonvulsant is not needed.  相似文献   

15.
新生儿酸碱失衡时脐血及动脉血气分析的临床特征   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
目的通过新生儿脐血及动脉血气分析的变化,探讨新生儿酸碱失衡的临床特征及其危害性。方法采用美国进口全自动血气分析仪对192例新生儿脐血及113例病理新生儿外周动脉血进行血气分析,同时用全自动生化仪进行K 、Na 、Cl-等血生化检测。结果脐血血气分析显示,192例新生儿中正常分娩者179例,窒息13例。全组156例发生酸中毒,发生率81.3%。其中呼吸性酸中毒(呼酸)84例(43.8%),代谢性酸中毒(代酸)47例(24.5%),混合性酸中毒25例(13.0%)。窒息13例均发生酸中毒,其中重度窒息2例均为严重混合性酸中毒。113例病理新生儿外周动脉血气分析显示,99例发生不同类型酸碱失衡(87.6%),其中单纯型代酸50例(44.2%)占首位,其次是单纯型呼酸20例(17.7%),居第3位为代酸 呼碱16例(14.2%),混合性酸中毒11例(9.7%),呼碱 代碱2例(1.8%)。结论即使正常分娩新生儿亦易发生酸中毒,病理新生儿酸碱失衡更为突出,危重新生儿往往发生多重酸碱失衡。严重的酸碱失衡可使机体发生致命性的病理改变。酸中毒和碱中毒的危害均不容忽视。血气分析与阴离子间隙(AG)相结合,能更加准确地判断新生儿酸碱失衡状况。  相似文献   

16.
串联质谱技术在脑发育落后病因诊断中的意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Zhang JM  Gu XF  Shao XH  Song XQ  Han LS  Ye J  Qiu WJ  Gao XL  Wang Y  Wang MX 《中华儿科杂志》2007,45(12):932-936
目的探讨串联质谱技术(MS/MS)在脑发育落后病因诊断及疗效判断中的意义。方法应用串联质谱仪,对158例脑发育落后患儿进行血氨基酸谱和酰基肉碱谱定量检测,对检出的11例代谢性疾病患儿MS/MS结果、尿气相色谱/质谱检测(GC/MS)结果、临床表现及治疗后变化进行综合分析。结果158例中,11例(7.0%)患儿确诊为遗传代谢性疾病,其中甲基丙二酸血症5例,丙酸血症2例,鸟氨酸氨甲酰转移酶缺乏症1例,枫糖尿病1例,苯丙酮尿症1例,生物素酶缺乏症1例。临床表现为智能及运动发育落后或倒退(11例)、惊厥(5例)、昏迷(4例)、呕吐(4例)、营养不良(4例)、嗜睡(3例)、反复感染(3例)、肌张力降低(2例)等。实验室检查显示代谢性酸中毒、血氨及血乳酸增高、贫血等。MRI表现为脑萎缩、双侧脑白质T2w高信号或伴T1w低信号、多发性脑软化或囊样变等。起病早、伴严重酸中毒及昏迷的甲基丙二酸血症预后较差。患儿经维生素B12左旋肉碱、特殊奶方、低蛋白饮食及生物素等治疗后,好转8例,死亡3例。结论串联质谱技术有助于脑发育落后的病因诊断及疗效判断。早期诊断及合理治疗可避免脑组织进一步损害,并改善预后。  相似文献   

17.
Rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children and the main cause of hospital acquired-infection in paediatric unit. We report the epidemiology of gastroenteritis in our hospital during five consecutive years. Rotavirus was involved in 13% of the patients. Seasonal peaks were observed in January and 45.8% of the patients were less than 6 month old. The rotavirus infection was hospital-acquired in 1/3 of the cases. During the winter period, the incidence of rotavirus nosocomial infection was 4.4%.  相似文献   

18.
Overview of rotavirus infections in Korea   总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15  
Rotavirus is the most common cause of acute watery diarrhea in young Korean children. Rotavirus vaccine will soon be available, and information is urgently required about the serotype distribution of recent epidemics and clinical characteristics of rotavirus infection in Korean children before the implementation of a vaccination program against rotavirus. We reviewed published studies of the past 20 years, carried out on Korean children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was estimated to be responsible for 46% of 4668 hospitalized Korean children with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was most prevalent among children aged 6-24 months, which accounted for 84% of all cases. Asymptomatic rotavirus infection was common. Rotavirus was one of the most commonly identified enteric pathogens in nosocomial diarrhea. Vomiting, respiratory symptoms and fever were prominent symptoms in rotavirus gastroenteritis. Transient elevation of liver enzymes, pulmonic infiltration and rarely afebrile convulsion were also observed. The epidemic peak, which occurred in November of the last 15 years, has been moving toward late winter and early spring in recent years. No apparent cause has been found to explain this alteration of peak seasonality. All serotyping studies in Korea for the past 10 years until 1997 revealed that G1 was most prevalent (45-81%). Interestingly, the predominant G serotype of the recent outbreaks in 1998 and 1999 was not G1 but G4. Approximately 95% of rotavirus isolates in recent outbreaks belonged to serotype G1, 2, 3 or 4.  相似文献   

19.
轮状病毒是引起婴幼儿秋冬季腹泻最常见的病原体之一.轮状病毒感染不仅可引起严重的胃肠道症状,胃肠道外的感染及器官损伤得到越来越多的重视.循环系统、神经系统、呼吸系统等人体多个系统均可能出现损害.了解轮状病毒感染造成多系统损害的发生机制对治疗轮状病毒感染性腹泻有重要的临床指导意义,同时提示在治疗轮状病毒感染性腹泻上,不仅要纠正严重的脱水、酸中毒及离子紊乱,更需要注意各脏器功能的保护.  相似文献   

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