婴幼儿CT增强扫描药物应用及观察

目的　探讨婴幼儿CT增强扫描药物的应用及观察要点。方法　观察受检患儿 2 0 2例 ,药物非离子型造影剂优维显 ,镇静催眠药物 10 %水合氯醛、安定。剂量按公斤体重计算。结果　非离子型造影剂非绝对安全 ,少数患儿有副反应。碘过敏试验阳性 7例 ,占 3 .4% ,2 0 2例婴幼儿CT增强扫描取得满意效果。结论　在婴幼儿CT增强扫描中 ,正确使用造影剂 ,合理应用镇静催眠药物 ,根据不同年龄组采取相应护理对策 ,能取得良好的效果     

含钆造影剂在DSA中的应用

含碘造影剂是目前常规Ｘ线血管造影和数字减影血管造影 (ＤＳＡ)最常用的造影剂 ,ＣＴ增强扫描和绝大多数介入治疗操作也都需要使用含碘造影剂。一般认为 ,含碘造影剂的安全系数较高 ,毒副反应发生率低 ,特别是在新型非离子型造影剂在临床应用以后 ,有关碘剂毒副反应的报道大大减少。尽管如此 ,使用含碘造影剂仍然存在一定风险 ,如最近报道 ,一般患者对离子型含碘造影剂过敏的发生率为 0 1%～ 0 2 % ,对非离子型含碘造影剂过敏的发生率为 0 16‰ ,其它毒副反应的发生率约 0 5‰～ 2‰ ;当患者存在肾功能不全的情况下 ,使用含碘造影剂做…     

CT增强扫描中造影剂反应的预防处理

在CT增强扫描中所使用的离子型造影剂副反应发生率明显高于非离子型造影剂，后者一旦出现副反应其严重程度也较轻。现就应用离子型造影剂副反应的临床表现、预防及处理总结如下：     

非离子型与离子型碘造影剂增强扫描副反应分析

目的：探讨非离子与离子型造影剂在增强扫描中的安全性。指导造影剂在增强扫描中的合理使用及副反应的预防。方法：通过对3630例增强扫描病例使用非离子与离子型造影剂副反应的对照，分析非离子与离子型造影剂副反应的发生率与程度比较。结果：在3630例碘造影剂增强扫描中使用非离子型造影剂碘海醇有3572例，其中82例出现不同程度的副反应，副反应发生率为2．30％。58例使用离子型造影剂泛影葡胺增强扫描中，有11例发生不同程度的不良反应，副反应发生率为18．97％。结论：非离子型造影剂在实践应用中副反应明显低于离子型造影剂，临床使用安全可靠。     

中药和西药预防离子型造影剂过敏反应在脑部CT增强的观察比较

目的　探讨中药和西药对离子型造影剂过敏反应的预防 ,解决离子型造影剂在脑部CT增强中的过敏反应。方法　收集本院 1995 -0 2～ 2 0 0 0 -0 5曾做脑部CT增强、资料完整 840例。结果　中药生姜、半夏和激素类药物均可用于预防离子型造影剂在脑部CT增强中产生的过敏反应。结论　中药生姜、半夏预防离子型造影剂产生的过敏反应效果好     

对577例CT造影剂副反应的临床分析

目的　分析离子型造影剂与非离子型造影剂常规注射速度和非离子型造影剂常规注射速度与低速度注射所产生的副反应。方法　采用整群抽样　离子型造影剂 32 83例 ,非离子型造影剂 2 6 88例常规注射速度注射和非离子型造影剂 1984例低速度注射 ,统计副反应发生率及严重程度。结果与结论　 (1)离子型造影剂比非离子型造影剂副反应发生率高 ,副反应程度也是离子型造影剂较非离子型造影剂严重。 (2 )常规注射速度注射较低速度注射的副反应发生率高 ,低速度注射副反应程度更加轻微。     

CT增强扫描中泛影葡胺毒副作用的预防

CT已普通应用于临床,在CT扫描中,常使用造影剂做增强检查.由于多使用离子型造影剂,且因给药速度快,剂量大,浓度高等特点,其过敏反应及毒副症状也随之增加,使用皮质激素——地塞米松做为CT增强扫描前的常规用药方法,本文比较其在预防副作用方面的价值.     

泛影葡胺引起重度过敏反应1例报告

泛影葡胺是有机水溶性碘化物 ,属离子型造影剂。由于泛影葡胺具有高渗性及化学毒性 ,在静脉给药后可使机体产生一系列反应 ,这些副反应已越来越引起人们的重视。我科成功地抢救了 1例重度碘过敏病人 ,现报告如下。1　病例报告病人 ,女 ,40岁 ,B超提示疑有肾脏肿块 ,在我科作 CT检查。经询问无过敏史 ,无过敏性疾病后 ,用 33%泛影葡胺皮试液 ,1 ml静脉注射 ,观察 2 0 min无不良反应 ,常规给地塞米松1 0 mg静注以防过敏反应 ,随即开始 CT扫描。增强时静脉快速注入 60 %泛影葡胺 (上海信谊制药厂生产 ) 4 0 ml时 ,病人突感全身发热 ,打喷嚏 ,…     

造影剂毒副反应的防治措施

随着CT机的逐渐普及，CT检查已成为一项重要的辅助检查措施。在实际工作中，有时为了提高病变的显示率，或更清晰显示病灶的范围，或对病灶进行定性诊断、鉴别诊断，需进行增强扫描。目前常用的造影剂有离子型、非离子型两种，前者包括60-76％的泛影葡胺、安其格拉芬，价格低廉，副作用多，后者包括欧乃派克、优维显，副作用少，但价格较贵，不能为大多数患者所接受，特别是在基层医院，患者往往选择离子型造影剂，这就增加了造影剂毒副反应发生的概率。因此，CT室及其医务人员应积极做好造影剂毒副反应的防治措施。     

放射科检查用造影剂

造影剂在放射科特殊检查中是常用的不可缺少的。阳性含碘造影剂应用更为普遍,尤其在CT增强检查及介入诊疗过程中不仅应用普遍,而且应用剂量特别大。离子型造影剂虽经过反复改进和提高,但由于近些年来非离子型造影剂的出现和推广,其副反应发生率及严重副反应发生率均明显低于离子型造影剂,更加上厂商的宣传及医务人员对安全性的考虑,在某种程度上出现了一种倾向,即非离子型造影剂应取代离子型造影剂。但非离子型造影剂昂贵     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

人体中的镭-226、镭-228、钋-210、铅-210

本文报道了广东阳江高本底地区6名、对照地区8名人尸体的骨²²⁶Ra、²²⁶Ra的浓度以及部分居民内脏器官中。²¹⁰Po、²¹⁰Pb的浓度。结果轰明阳江高本底地区和对照地区居民骨镭-226、镭-228的浓度分别为29.9pCi/kg, 26.9pCi/kgl 8.7pCi/kg, 8.2pCi/kg.由此估算出阳江高本底地区屠民骨中²²⁶Ra、²²⁸Ra的负薄璧及对骨衬、骨髓所产生的剂量当量分别为对照地区民民的3.4倍, 3.3倍。两地区居民内脏器官中^{210Po、210Pb的测定分析铡数较少但仍看出, 高本底地区均明显高于对照地区.}     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).