早期宫颈癌术后淋巴结阳性患者放疗后疗效及预后分析

目的 回顾性分析早期（Ⅰ _B~Ⅱ _A期）宫颈癌术后淋巴结阳性患者调强放疗（IMRT）后的预后及淋巴结转移的相关危险因素。方法 选取2016年1月至2018年12月宁夏医科大学总医院放疗科收治的292例早期宫颈癌术后存在高危因素和/或中危因素且行盆腹腔调强放疗±同步化疗的患者进行回顾性分析,分为盆腔淋巴结阴性组239例、淋巴结阳性组53例,对淋巴结转移的相关危险因素及两组患者的预后进行分析。结果 早期宫颈癌术后淋巴结转移影响因素的单因素及多因素分析显示,病变≥4 cm、深间质侵犯、危险因素个数是盆腔淋巴结转移的独立影响因素（χ²=7.11、9.05、90.08,P<0.05）;盆腔淋巴结阴性及阳性患者放疗后3、5年总生存（OS）差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,3、5年无疾病生存（DFS）两组分别为87.6%、84.5%;72.5%、69.3%（χ²=8.59,P=0.003）。在失败模式上,淋巴结阳性组以远处转移为主,淋巴结阴性组以局部复发为主（χ²=9.40,P<0.05）。对53例淋巴结阳性患者放疗后影响DFS的单因素分析,深间质侵犯明显影响患者的DFS,差异有统计学意义（χ²=7.25,P<0.05）;多因素分析提示病变>4 cm、残端阳性和深间质侵犯显著影响DFS （χ²=4.37、4.69、4.39,P<0.05）。结论 早期宫颈癌术后病变大小、侵犯深度、危险因素个数是淋巴结转移的独立影响因素,盆腔淋巴结阳性患者放疗后DFS显著低于淋巴结阴性患者,淋巴结阳性患者的主要复发模式为远处转移,深间质侵犯是早期宫颈癌术后淋巴结阳性患者放疗后DFS的独立影响因素。     

422例宫颈癌患者调强放疗加后装治疗的不良反应和预后因素分析

目的 观察宫颈癌患者调强放疗+后装治疗±化疗的不良反应和疗效,分析其预后影响因素。方法 回顾性分析徐州医科大学附属江阴临床学院、南京医科大学附属常州市第二人民医院和苏州大学附属第一医院收治的422例接受调强放疗+后装治疗±化疗的宫颈癌患者的临床资料和随访结果,其中同期放化疗353例,单纯放疗69例。Kaplan-Meier法计算总生存（OS）率,Logrank法行预后单因素分析和Cox法行预后多因素分析。结果 同期放化疗与单纯放疗完全缓解（CR）率分别为77.6%和65.2%,两组差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.812,P<0.05）。全组患者1、3和5年OS率分别为93.4%、79.4%和65.0%。年龄、国际妇产科联盟（FIGO）2009分期、淋巴结转移状况、病理类型、放疗同期的化疗情况、近期疗效和序贯化疗情况是影响预后的因素（χ²=6.375~613.123,P<0.05）。多因素分析显示,FIGO分期、淋巴结转移状况、病理类型、放疗同期的化疗情况和近期疗效是影响患者预后的独立因素（χ²=3.930~42.994,P<0.05）。盆腔淋巴结阳性患者行或未行预防性腹主动脉旁淋巴结（PALN）引流区放疗后PALN转移率分别为6.1%和16.8%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;预防性PALN引流区放疗患者的OS高于未行预防性放疗患者（χ²=3.953,P<0.05）。结论 宫颈癌患者采用调强放疗+后装治疗±化疗的治疗模式可取得较好的长期生存。盆腔淋巴结转移患者行预防性PALN引流区放疗有助于改善OS。FIGO分期、病理类型、淋巴结转移状况、是否同期放化疗以及近期疗效是影响患者预后的独立因素。     

鼻咽癌患者放疗后记忆功能及影像学改变的临床分析

目的 分析局部晚期鼻咽癌患者放疗前、后记忆功能及脑磁共振影像学的改变。方法 回顾性分析2015年11月至2016年8月于浙江省肿瘤医院就诊的14例鼻咽癌患者的一般临床资料及剂量学资料,其中T₂ 1例,T₃ 7例,T₄ 6例,均接受2~3疗程PF/TP方案诱导化疗,及单药铂类同步调强放疗或TOMO治疗。比较放疗前及放疗后3个月数字广度测试及脑磁共振影像学的改变。结果 剂量学可分析资料患者9例,均采用调强放疗,海马V_mean（15.17±2.17）cm³,颞叶V_mean（95.07±12.26）cm³,海马D_mean（1 154.06±771.63）cGy,颞叶D_mean（1 306.61±603.69）cGy,海马D_max（3 797.61±1 450.98）cGy,颞叶D_max（5 394.17±982.28）cGy。海马生物等效均衡剂量（equivalent uniform dose,EUD）（2 233.28±872.73）cGy,颞叶EUD（3 113.11±603.69）cGy。10例患者放疗前、后正背均值分别为8.8±1.8和8.1±1.59（P>0.05）,放疗前、后倒背均值分别为6.2±1.04和5.3±2.36（t=3.25,P<0.05）。9例患者在放疗前及放疗后3个月进行脑磁共振结构像扫描,双侧颞叶可观察到灰质体积萎缩（t=4.57,P<0.05）。结论 局部晚期鼻咽癌患者接受放疗,海马及颞叶均不可避免受到照射,放疗后,记忆功能部分受损,双侧颞叶灰质体积萎缩,两者间可能存在一定相关性,需进一步扩大样本量。     

重组人血管内皮抑制素对大鼠放射性心肌纤维化的影响

目的 建立放射性心脏纤维化大鼠模型,观察重组人血管内皮抑制素（恩度）对心肌纤维化的影响,初探转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）、结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）与心肌纤维化的相关性。方法 将40只SD大鼠按随机数表法分为4组,每组10只,A组为健康对照组;B组为恩度干预组,恩度（6 mg/kg）腹腔连续注射14 d;C组为单纯照射组,心脏照射25 Gy/5次,连续5 d;D组为照射+恩度干预组,恩度给药方法同B组、心脏照射方法同C组。照射后第1、3个月各麻醉处死5只大鼠。Masson染色评估心肌纤维化情况,Western blot检测心肌TGF-β1、CTGF及胶原蛋白Ⅰ（COL-Ⅰ）型表达。结果 照射后1和3个月,B组未见明显的心肌纤维化表现,C组和D组可见胶原纤维分布于心肌细胞间质。照射后1个月,半定量分析结果显示A组的心肌胶原容积分数（CVF）为（5.20±0.75）%,C组（10.12±2.17）%和D组（10.32±1.36）均高于A组（t=4.74、4.93,P<0.01）,C组和D组的CVF差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;照射后3个月C组的CVF（13.17±2.67）%仍比A组（5.23±1.32）%高（t=4.49,P<0.01）,C组的CVF低于D组（16.92±3.58）%（t=3.19,P<0.05）。照射后1个月,A组TGF-β1的表达量为0.441±0.063,C组0.817±0.079高于A组（t=5.81,P<0.01）;照射后3个月,A组TGF-β1的表达量为0.501±0.110,C组0.832±0.150高于A组（t=4.19,P<0.01）,D组1.403±0.133高于C组（t=7.24,P<0.01）。照射后1、3个月,各组间CTGF及COL-I的变化趋势与TGF-β1的变化趋势相似。结论 射线可引起心肌纤维化的形成,重组人血管内皮抑制素可能会加重晚期放射纤维化的形成。     

三维可视化引导放疗摆位系统的研发及临床应用

目的 开发一种三维可视化技术辅助放疗患者摆位,并对比分析其在乳腺和盆腔放疗中与传统摆位方法的差异。方法 选取2020年6月至2021年4月常州第二人民医院40例放疗患者作为研究对象,其中乳腺、盆腔患者各20例。利用患者定位CT数据进行三维可视化重建,并将三维可视化模型与真实治疗环境融合,通过交互操作使得三维可视化模型位于加速器等中心点,并以此为依据进行实际患者的摆位。每例患者每周先进行传统摆位、再进行三维可视化引导放疗摆位,分3周采集,所有患者共240次摆位数据,以锥形束CT （CBCT）引导的摆位作为金标准进行比较。结果 乳腺患者和盆腔患者三维可视化引导摆位x、y、z轴摆位误差绝对值后分别为（1.92±1.23）、（2.04±1.16）、（1.77±1.37） mm和（2.07±1.08）、（1.33±0.88）、（1.99±1.25） mm,各轴精度较传统摆位分别提高了38.83%、52.40%、33%和36.84%、54.04%、52.58%,y、z轴上的差异具有统计学意义（t=2.956~5.734,P<0.05）。同时,对于乳腺患者,两种摆位方法y方向误差分布具有统计学意义（χ²=7.481,P<0.05）,对于盆腔患者,两种摆位方法在各轴的误差分布差异均有统计学意义（χ²=5.900、6.415、7.200,P<0.05）。结论 三维可视化技术引导放疗摆位方法有效提高了乳腺和盆腔患者的摆位精度,具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

MRI在预测食管癌放化疗治疗反应及疗效评估中的应用研究

目的 探讨磁共振弥散加权成像（MR-DWI）表观弥散系数（ADC值）在食管癌放化疗疗效判断及预后评估中的应用价值。方法 前瞻性入组2010年3月至2013年9月收治的食管癌患者100例,放疗前后均行MR-DWI检查。Kaplan-Meier并Logrank法计算生存率,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 完全缓解（CR）组放疗前、放疗后ADC值均高于部分缓解（PR）组,差异有统计学意义（z=-3.010、-3.689,P<0.05）。肿瘤区域放疗前低ADC值组（≤1.60×10^-3mm²/s）和高ADC值组（>1.60×10^-3mm²/s）1、3、5年生存率分别为58.2%、21.9%、10.9%和73.3%、50.6%、39.2%（χ²=9.879,P<0.05）。肿瘤区域放疗后低ADC值组（≤2.50×10^-3mm²/s）和放疗后高ADC值组（>2.50×10^-3mm²/s）的1、3、5年生存率分别为52.2%、23.6%、14.2%和75.9%、44.1%、32.4%（χ²=5.455,P<0.05）。将放疗前低和高ADC值组按ΔADC大小分为4组,疗前高ADC值组ADC值上升较好,其生存情况最优,而疗前低ADC值组ADC值上升不佳,其预后最差,其他两组生存情况有交叉（χ²=13.096,P<0.05）。多因素Cox模型分析显示放疗前ADC分组为预后独立因素。结论 MR-DWI ADC值能有效预测食管癌治疗反应和预后。     

血清CA19-9水平对胰腺癌高剂量少分次放疗联合化疗的预后预测作用与疗效评价

目的 观察利用螺旋断层调强放疗技术,高剂量、少分次放疗模式联合化疗治疗胰腺癌前、后血清CA19-9水平动态变化,探讨其相应的预后、预测与疗效评价作用。方法 回顾性分析空军总医院放疗科2012年12月至2017年6月收治的75例病理诊断明确的胰腺癌患者临床资料及随访生存情况。采用Kaplan-Meier法及Log-rank检验分析放疗前及放疗后4~6周CA19-9水平变化对预后的影响。结果 全组中位生存期（MST）为13.8个月（2.0~58.0个月）。75例患者血清基线CA19-9中位水平为1 109 U/ml（4.70~70 000 U/ml）,<1 109 U/ml组与≥1 109 U/ml组MST分别为14.0个月（95%CI：10.04~22.96个月）和9.0个月（95%CI：7.75~13.25个月）（χ²=6.31,P<0.05）,中位无进展生存期（mPFS）分别为7.0个月（95%CI：5.58~8.42个月）和5.0个月（95%CI：3.81~6.20个月）（χ²=8.51,P<0.05）。放疗后4~6周血清CA19-9中位值为397.7 U/ml（11.02~43 250 U/ml）,38例（38/49,77.6%）下降,11例（11/49,22.4%）上升,下降组、上升组MST分别为14.0个月（95%CI：7.24~20.77个月）和8.0个月（95%CI： 2.69~13.31个月）（χ²=11.19,P<0.05）,mPFS分别为5.5个月（95%CI：4.05~6.95个月）和4.0个月（95%CI：1.98~6.02个月）（χ²=9.12,P<0.05）。受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）确定放疗后4~6周血清CA19-9下降程度截断值为60.9%,下降≥60.9%组与<60.9%组MST分别为33.5个月（95%CI：0.24~66.76个月）和9.0个月（95%CI：6.92~11.08个月）（χ²=13.80,P<0.05）,mPFS分别为11.0个月（95%CI：3.44~18.56个月）和5.0个月（95%CI：3.91~6.09个月）（χ²=8.71,P<0.05）。结论 在胰腺癌高剂量、少分次放疗联合化疗中,基线血清CA19-9<1 109 U/ml的患者预后较好,放疗后4~6周血清CA19-9下降能及时、有效预测患者转移及生存情况,血清CA19-9下降≥60.9%的胰腺癌患者,半年内发生疾病进展可能性较低,总体预后较好。     

妇科肿瘤后装逆向调强放疗的初步临床研究

目的 评价后装逆向调强放疗技术在妇科肿瘤治疗中的临床价值。方法 选取20例Ⅰ~Ⅲ期宫颈癌患者,采用随机数字表和余数分组的方法分为A、B两组,各10例。A组病例行后装逆向调强放疗,B组病例行三维适形后装放疗。分析两组患者的靶区剂量分布、危及器官受量、放疗并发症及近期疗效。 结果 A组靶区剂量均匀度指数（HI）为52.43±0.45,好于B组的46.37±1.45（t=0.92,P<0.05）;A组直肠、膀胱最大受量D_max分别比B组低37%、35%（t=1.34、1.39,P<0.05）,A组75%处方剂量的直肠、膀胱受照体积V₇₅约为B组的1/2（t=1.23、1.13,P<0.05）;A组局部控制率96%好于B组的 93%（t=1.25,P<0.05）。结论 后装逆向调强放疗优于三维适形后装放疗,值得在妇科肿瘤治疗中广泛应用。     

改良头颈肩热塑体膜固定下乳腺癌改良根治术后调强放疗中的摆位误差分析

目的 应用锥形束CT分析改良头颈肩热塑体膜和乳腺托架在乳腺癌改良根治术后调强放疗中的摆位精度差异。方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院2015年8月至2018年12月68例接受调强放疗（IMRT）的乳腺癌改良根治术后患者资料。根据体位固定方式的不同,将患者分为改良头颈肩热塑体膜组（体膜组,42例）和乳腺托架组（托架组,26例）。在患者的第1、6、11、16、21次治疗摆位后行锥形束CT（CBCT）扫描,获得两组患者在左右（RL）、腹背（AP）、头脚（SI）方向的摆位误差,同时记录放疗摆位的时间。比较两组的摆位误差、分布比例、摆位时间,计算出各自的M_PTV外放值,并分析多种因素对体膜组患者摆位误差的影响。结果 42例体膜组扫描210次,26例托架组扫描130次。体膜组和托架组在RL、AP、SI方向的摆位误差分别为（2.12±2.01）和（2.38±1.92）mm、（3.29±2.46）和（3.88±2.76）mm、（3.47±2.29）和（4.11±3.15）mm,其中两组在AP和SI方向的摆位误差比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=-2.05、-2.16,P<0.05）;SI方向体膜组摆位误差≤ 3 mm的次数占总扫描次数的比例较高,优于托架组差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.97,P<0.05）;当AP和SI方向体膜组摆位误差>5 mm的次数占总扫描次数的比例较低,优于托架组差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.21、9.29,P<0.05）。体膜组的摆位时间较短,优于托架组差异有统计学意义（t=-2.16,P<0.05）。RL、AP、SI方向体膜组计算的M_PTV值均小于托架组。改良头颈肩热塑体膜体位固定方式对高龄（≥ 60岁）、体质量指数（BMI）≥ 24 kg/m²和对放疗过程相对不熟悉（治疗时间≤ 2周）的患者会造成AP和（或）SI方向的摆位误差偏大。其中,SI方向<60岁的患者摆位误差较小,优于高龄患者（≥ 60岁）差异有统计学意义（t=-2.43,P<0.05）;AP和SI方向BMI<24 kg/m²的患者摆位误差较小,优于BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²的患者,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.21、-2.04,P<0.05）;AP方向治疗时间>2周的患者摆位误差较小,优于对放疗过程相对不熟悉的患者（治疗时间≤ 2周）差异有统计学意义（t=2.23,P<0.05）。结论 在乳腺癌改良根治术后IMRT放疗时应用改良头颈肩热塑体膜可以降低腹背和头脚方向的摆位误差,同时缩短摆位时间。对于≥ 60岁、BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²和对放疗过程相对不熟悉（治疗时间≤ 2周）的患者,要关注腹背和头脚方向的摆位,以保证放疗的效果。     

320排CT单心动周期动态容积扫描对高心率患者支气管动脉CT成像辐射剂量及图像质量的影响

目的 探讨高心率咯血患者,采用自由呼吸状态下320排CT单心动周期动态容积扫描,对支气管动脉CT成像（CTA）图像质量及辐射剂量的影响。方法 连续收集温州医科大学附属第一医院2016年10月至2017年5月151例心率≥65次/min咯血患者进行前瞻性研究,采用320排前瞻性心电门控动态容积CT进行自由呼吸下支气管动脉成像,按例数不等的完全随机区段分组法分成A、B两组,A组81例,B组70例。A组采用320排CT默认的多心动周期扫描生成多扇区图像A1,经2次重建获得单扇区图像A2;B组采用单心动周期扫描生成单扇区图像B。比较两种扫描方式的辐射剂量指标,比较B组与A1、A2组的图像质量客观指标[血管CT值、图像噪声（SD）、信噪比（SNR）、对比噪声比（CNR）]与图像质量主观评分,并对照数字减影血管造影（DSA）用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价其对体循环-肺循环瘘检出的准确性。计量资料采用独立样本t检验,等级资料采用独立样本非参数检验。结果 B组与A组的辐射有效剂量的中位数分别为1.42和3.06 mSv,B组显著低于A组,差异有统计学意义（Z=-8.724,P<0.05）;B组与A2组的图像质量客观指标、图像质量主观评分的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,B组图像质量主观评分中位数为4,明显高于A1组的2,差异有统计学意义（Z=-10.584,P<0.05）;B组和A1组图像SD值分别为（25.7±0.35）和（13.9±0.36）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（t=-0.983,P<0.05）,B组和A1组SNR值分别为（38.5±6.9）和（48.4±10.6）,B组明显低于A1组,差异有统计学意义（t=7.898,P<0.05）,B组和A1组的CNR值分别为（31.61±8.80）和（45.36±13.01）,B组亦明显低于A1组,差异有统计学意义（t=7.695,P<0.05）;两组检查的主动脉、肺动脉平均CT值差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。B组和A2组对体循环-肺循环瘘检出的准确性中等偏高,ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.891和0.864（Z=7.210、7.430,P<0.05）,A1组的准确性较差,ROC曲线下面积为0.626（Z=2.434,P<0.05）;B组和A1、A2组灵敏度分别为80.0%、28.6%和76.2%。结论 320排单心动周期动态容积CT在降低支气管动脉CTA检查辐射剂量的同时,可以有效提高图像质量及对体循环-肺循环瘘CT检出的准确性。     

同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗非手术食管鳞癌患者的有效性与安全性分析

目的评估同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗不可手术食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者的有效性与安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年至2020年于南京医科大学附属常州第二人民医院放疗科和江南大学附属医院肿瘤放疗科接受同步放化疗的503例非手术ESCC患者。其中, 同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗组(联合组)69例, 单纯同步放化疗组(同步放化疗组)434例, 采用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)对两组患者进行1∶2匹配, 最终得到可供临床分析的患者共168例, 其中, 联合组61例, 同步放化疗组107例。比较两组患者的近期疗效和不良反应, 采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制总生存曲线和无进展生存曲线, 并行Log-rank检验。结果匹配后两组患者临床基线特征的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。联合组的客观缓解率(ORR)显著高于同步放化疗组, 差异有统计学意义(85.2%vs. 71.0%, χ2=4.33, P=0.037);联合组的疾病控制率(DCR)与同步放化疗组差异无统计学意义(98.4%vs. 91.6%, P>0.05)。联合组的中位无进展生存(PFS)时间为28.07个月, 1、3、5年...     

Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Locoregional Therapy Combined with Adoptive Transfer of Allogeneic γδ T Cells for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the safety and efficacy of locoregional therapy plus adoptive transfer of allogeneic gamma delta (γδ) T cells for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).MethodsThirty patients with HCC and 29 patients with ICC were randomly assigned to receive locoregional therapy (HCC, Group A, n = 15; ICC, Group C, n = 15) or locoregional therapy plus γδ T cell therapy (HCC, Group B, n = 15; ICC, Group D, n = 14). Groups A and C only received locoregional ablation (cryoablation or irreversible electroporation), whereas Groups B and D received locoregional therapy followed by adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ T cells. The primary endpoints were safety, distant progression-free survival (PFS), local PFS, and overall survival (OS).ResultsThe median distant PFS was significantly longer in the combined treatment groups than the locoregional treatment groups (HCC: 8 vs 4 months, P = .04; ICC: 8 vs 4 months, P = .021). There was no significant difference in local PFS between the 2 treatment modalities. Patients with HCC in the combined treatment group had a longer OS (median OS: 13 vs 8 months, P = .029). However, there was no significant difference in OS in patients with ICC between the 2 treatment modalities (median OS: 9.5 vs 8 months, P = .546). All adverse events were manageable with no significant difference in incidence between groups.ConclusionsThe novel combination of locoregional ablation with adoptive transfer of allogeneic γδ cells was safe, with encouraging clinical efficacy against HCC and ICC.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma with type II–III portal vein tumour thrombosis: treatment using transarterial chemoembolisation and microwave ablation

Objective:To evaluate the use of transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) combined with microwave ablation (MWA) to treat patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and type Ⅱ–Ⅲ portal vein tumour thrombosis (PVTT) intolerant to targeted drug (TG) therapy.Methods:A total of 18 patients with HCC and type Ⅱ–Ⅲ PVTT intolerant to TG were enrolled between June 2015 and December 2019, who were treated with TACE + MWA (MWA group). 24 patients were treated with TACE + TG (TG group; control cohort). Time to progression and overall survival (OS) were analysed along with the incidence of adverse events.Results:The median follow-up time was 19.0 months (9.0–32.0 months). The median OS was 17.0 months (8.3–29.3 months; MWA group) and 13.5 months (5.5–22.5 months; TG group) and was not significantly different. The 1- and 2 year OS was also comparable (MWA group: 66.7%, 44.4% vs Target group: 41.7%, 29.2%). Time to progression showed no distinct differences (MWA group: 11.5 months; TG group: 9.0 months) between the two groups. Moreover, the incidence of major Grade 3–4 adverse events in the MWA group (5.6%) was similar to those in the TG group (8.3%).Conclusion:TACE + MWA and TACE + TG were comparable in their safety and efficacy in patients with HCC, type Ⅱ–Ⅲ PVTT, and intolerance to TG.Advances in knowledge:TACE + MWA can be used as a palliative treatment alternative for TACE + TG in patients with HCC, type Ⅱ–Ⅲ PVTT, and intolerance to TG.     

18F-FDG PET/CT代谢参数与晚期非小细胞肺癌一线免疫治疗联合化疗预后的关系

目的探讨基线氟-18-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)代谢参数与晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)一线免疫检查点抑制剂(ICI)联合化疗预后的关系。方法回顾性分析2019至2021年于郑州大学附属肿瘤医院接受基线PET/CT检查且行一线ICI联合化疗的晚期NSCLC患者。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)获得总肿瘤代谢体积(TMTV)、糖酵解总量(TLG)和最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)与一线ICI联合化疗预后的最佳临界值, 并收集患者外周血指标, 采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank法及Cox回归计算总生存(OS)及无进展生存(PFS)。结果共入组44例患者。单因素分析显示, TMTV>119.5 cm3及转移灶数量>3个与较差的PFS有关(χ2=4.19、11.28, P<0.05);TMTV>119.5 cm3及TLG>424.3与较差的OS有关(χ2=14.96、6.05, P<0.05)。多因素分析显示, 转移灶数量是PFS的独立预后因素(P=0.011), TMTV是OS的独立预后因素(P=0...     

Thermal ablation alone vs thermal ablation combined with transarterial chemoembolization for patients with small (<3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma

PurposeThermal ablation (TA) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) may be used alone or in combination (TACE+TA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of our study was to compare the time to tumor progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) for patients who received TA alone or TACE+TA for HCC tumors under 3 cm.Materials and methodsThis HIPAA-compliant IRB-approved retrospective analysis included 85 therapy-naïve patients from 2010 to 2018 (63 males, 22 females, mean age 62.4 ± 8.5 years) who underwent either TA alone (n = 64) or TA in combination with drug-eluting beads (DEB)-TACE (n = 18) or Lipiodol-TACE (n = 3) for locoregional therapy of early stage HCC with maximum tumor diameter under 3 cm. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed using the log-rank test to assess TTP and OS.ResultsAll TA and TACE+TA treatments included were technically successful. TTP was 23.0 months in the TA group and 22.0 months in the TACE+TA group. There was no statistically significant difference in TTP (p = 0.64). Median OS was 69.7 months in the TA group and 64.6 months in the TACE+TA group. There was no statistically significant difference in OS (p = 0.14). The treatment cohorts had differences in AFP levels (p = 0.03) and BCLC stage (p = 0.047). Complication rates between patient groups were similar (p = 0.61).ConclusionFor patients with HCC under 3 cm, TA alone and TACE+TA have similar outcomes in terms of TTP and OS, suggesting that TACE+TA may not be needed for these tumors unless warranted by tumor location or other technical consideration.     

食管癌放疗肿瘤病理缓解程度及血管内皮生长因子变化与预后的相关性分析

目的 探讨食管癌放疗或同步放化疗中肿瘤组织的病理缓解和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）血清浓度变化与预后的关系。方法 前瞻性对89例食管癌患者进行放疗或同步放化疗,于放疗第4周行胃镜下活检评估病理缓解情况;并分别于放疗前、放疗第4周以及放疗结束后1周内采集患者外周血,采用双抗体夹心亲和素-生物素酶联免疫吸附法检测血清VEGF水平。分析病理缓解程度和VEGF动态变化与患者预后的关系。运用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率和绘制生存曲线,Log-rank检验进行生存分析,采用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素生存分析。结果 病理完全缓解组（CR组）和未完全缓解组（非CR组）患者分别为67例和22例。CR组1年、3年和5年总生存（OS）率分别为77.6%、46.3%和35.2%,中位OS为30.0个月（95%CI 14.3~45.6个月）;非CR组1年、3年和5年OS率分别50%、0%和0%,中位OS为11.4个月（95%CI 4.2~18.6个月）,CR组OS显著好于非CR组（P<0.001）。CR组1年、3年和5年无进展生存（PFS）率分别为69.7%、40.9%和34.3%,中位PFS为21.7个月（95%CI 13.1~30.3个月）;非CR组1年、3年和5年PFS率分别为36.4%、0%和0%,中位PFS为7.4个月（95%CI 2.1~12.4个月）。CR组PFS明显好于非CR组（P<0.001）。血清VEGF增高组、稳定组和降低组患者分别为16例、43例和30例。增高组1年、3年和5年OS率分别为50%、18.8%和12.5%,中位OS为9.2个月（95%CI 2.2~17.9个月）;稳定组1年、3年和5年OS率分别为67.4%、30.2%和19.9%,中位OS为19.9个月（95%CI 14.9~24.9个月）;降低组1年、3年和5年OS率分别为86.7%、50%和42.9%,中位OS为28.7个月（95%CI 5.4~51.2个月）,血清VEGF降低组OS显著好于增高组（P<0.05）。增高组1年、3年和5年PFS率分别为43.8%、12.5%和0%,中位PFS为8.0个月（95%CI 2.5~15.9个月）;稳定组1年、3年和5年PFS率分别为57.1%、26.2%和20.8%,中位PFS为15.5个月（95%CI 10.7~20.4个月）;降低组1年、3年和5年PFS率分别为76.7%、46.7%和39.7%,中位PFS为20.1个月（95%CI 2.4~40.1个月）;血清VEGF降低组PFS显著好于增高组（P=0.013）。结论放疗中肿瘤组织病理缓解状况和血清VEGF变化趋势与食管癌预后密切相关。     

Comparative study of post-transplant outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with chemoembolization or radioembolization

PurposeTo analyze long-term outcomes in patients bridged/downstaged to orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods172 HCC patients who underwent OLT after being treated with transarterial liver-directed therapies (LDTs) (Y90: 93; TACE: 79) were identified. Pre-LDT and pre-OLT clinical/imaging/laboratory characteristics including United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) staging and alpha-fetoprotein values (AFP) were tabulated. Post-OLT HCC recurrence was assessed by imaging follow-up per standard of care. Recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Uni/multivariate and sub-stratification analyses were performed.ResultsTime-to-OLT was longer in the Y90 group (Y90: 6.5 months; TACE: 4.8 months; p = 0.02). With a median post-OLT follow-up of 26.1 months (IQR: 11.1–49.7), tumor recurrence was found in 6/79 (8%) TACE and 8/93 (9%) Y90 patients. Time-to-recurrence was 26.6 (CI: 7.0–49.5) and 15.9 months (CI: 7.8–46.8) for TACE and Y90, respectively (p = 0.48). RFS (Y90: 79 months; TACE: 77 months; p = 0.84) and OS (Y90: 57% alive at 100 months; TACE: 84.2 months; p = 0.57) were similar. 54/155 patients (Y90: 29; TACE: 25) were downstaged to UNOS T2 or less. RFS hazard ratios for patients downstaged to ≤T2 versus those that were not were 0.6 (CI: 0.33–1.1) and 1.7 (CI: 0.9–3.1) respectively (p = 0.13). 17/155 patients (Y90: 8; TACE: 9) that were >T2 were downstaged to UNOS T2 or less (within transplant criteria). Distribution (unilobar/bilobar), AFP, and pre-transplant UNOS stage affected RFS on univariate analyses.ConclusionDespite longer time-to-OLT for Y90 patients, post-OLT outcomes were similar between patients bridged or downstaged by TACE or Y90. A trend towards improved RFS for downstaged patients was identified.     

Multicenter Evaluation of Survival and Toxicities of Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Radioembolization: Analysis of the RESiN Registry

PurposeTo determine overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and toxicity in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a multicenter, real-world data registry using transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with resin microspheres.Materials and MethodsA total of 448 patients with HCC were treated at 36 centers between 2015 and 2019. Treatment history, baseline laboratory and imaging, and treatment goal were assessed. OS and PFS were stratified using Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) and Child-Pugh (CP) classifications. Kaplan-Meier analyses compared OS and PFS with 95% confidence intervals. Transplants were tracked. Toxicities were assessed using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5. Cox proportional hazard of baseline demographics assessed factors affecting survival.ResultsPrior chemoembolization and systemic therapy were used in 107 (26%) and 68 (16%) patients, respectively. Using the BCLC staging system, 66 patients (19%) were BCLC A and 202, 51, and 26 were BCLC B, C, and D, respectively. Median OS for patients with BCLC A disease was not achieved at 30 months. Median OS for patients with BCLC B, C, and D disease were 19.5, 13.6, and 11.5 months, respectively (P = .0006). Median PFS for patients with BCLC A, B, C, and D were 19.8, 10.0, 6.3, and 5.9 months, respectively (P = .003). Twenty patients underwent transplantation, representing 14 of 43 (33%) and 6 of 28 (21%) patients who underwent bridging and downstaging therapy, respectively. Common Grade 3 toxicities were encephalopathy (11/448, 2.5%), hyperbilirubinemia (10/448, 2.2%), and ascites (9/448, 2.0%). Factors predicting longer survival included CP A (χ² = 4.2, P = .04) and BCLC A (χ² = 5.2, P = .02).ConclusionsIn a frequently pretreated patient cohort with disease burden in 81% beyond the Milan criteria, TARE with resin microspheres provided OS comparable to other studies in this multicenter registry.     

Transarterial Chemoembolization Followed by Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Impact of the Time Interval between the Two Treatments on Outcome

PurposeTo compare the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation after transarterial chemoembolization within or beyond 30 days for medium-large or multiple recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs).Materials and MethodsIn this single-center retrospective study conducted from 2007 through 2015, 135 patients with a single recurrent HCC (>3 cm) or multiple (2–5 tumors) recurrent HCCs underwent transarterial chemoembolization plus RF ablation. A total of 62 patients underwent RF ablation after transarterial chemoembolization within 30 days (sequential group) and 73 patients underwent RF ablation after transarterial chemoembolization beyond 30 days (delayed group). Outcomes of interests included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and complete response (CR) rate.ResultsThe median OS and PFS were 49.8 and 38.0 months for sequential group, and 31.0 and 11.6 months for the delayed group. The sequential group experienced significantly better OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.517; P = .002) and PFS (HR, 0.621; P = .021). Among patients with multiple tumors or a single tumor >5 cm, the sequential group still had significantly longer OS (P = .022; P = .018, respectively) and PFS (P = 0.042; P = .036, respectively) than the delayed group, although no significant differences were observed among patients with solitary 3- to 5-cm tumors (P = .138; P = .803, respectively). The sequential group had a significantly better CR rate than the delayed group (85.4% vs. 68.5%, respectively; P = .035). Significant predictors of OS and PFS included maximum tumor size, number of tumors, and time interval between transarterial chemoembolization and RF ablation.ConclusionsTransarterial chemoembolization plus sequential RF ablation within 30 days was more effective for recurrent HCCs than transarterial chemoembolization plus delayed RF ablation. The time interval within 30 days is required for treating large or multiple HCCs but may not be necessary for solitary medium-sized HCC.     

Correlation of Serum Chemokine Ligand 14 with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage,Lymphocyte Profile,and Response to Transarterial Chemoembolization in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeTo investigate the clinical relevance of serum chemokine ligand 14 (sCCL14) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the effect of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) on the expression level of sCCL14 and the immune microenvironment.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective single-center observational study, 52 patients with HCC were recruited from January 2019 to December 2021, their clinical data and blood samples were collected, and the relationship between sCCL14 and progression-free survival (PFS) and TACE treatment response was analyzed.ResultsAmong the 52 patients with HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC] Stage A, 25.0%; BCLC Stage B, 44.2%; and BCLC Stage C, 30.8%), patients with BCLC Stage C HCC had significantly lower sCCL14 levels than those of patients with BCLC Stages A and B HCC (P = .001). sCCL14 levels were significantly higher in the first week after treatment than before TACE treatment (P = .024). Baseline sCCL14 levels in patients who showed complete response after TACE treatment were significantly higher than those in other groups, and lower baseline sCCL14 values were associated with shorter PFS times. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that sCCL14 level (hazard ratio, 1.855; 95% CI, 1.039–3.311; P = .037) was an independent prognostic factor of PFS. sCCL14 levels negatively correlated with the proportion of B lymphocytes and regulatory T cells in circulating blood and positively correlated with the absolute T-lymphocyte count.ConclusionssCCL14 may be a predictive biomarker of TACE effectiveness. Further studies are needed to validate and outline the role of combination immunotherapy.