3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断和血管内介入治疗中的临床应用价值.方法 11例蛛网膜下腔出血患者（经CT证实）,分别进行常规DSA与3D DSA造影,9例进行血管内介入治疗.结果 常规DSA一般能显示存在动脉瘤病变,极少数能明确显示瘤颈和载瘤动脉的关系.3D DSA能清晰显示颅内动脉瘤瘤体,瘤颈及其与载瘤动脉的关系,显示动脉瘤结构的能力比常规DSA明显提高,提示血管内介入治疗的可行性,并指导制定治疗方案.结论 3D DSA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断和血管内介入治疗具有较高的临床应用价值.     

旋转DSA及三维重建技术在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价旋转DSA及血管三维重建技术在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值.方法 40例蛛网膜下腔出血患者应用传统DSA,旋转DSA 及血管三维重建进行检查,对比不同方法对动脉瘤病变的显示情况.结果 40例患者均确诊为颅内动脉瘤,共45个动脉瘤.常规正侧位DSA能显示存在动脉瘤病变,但仅极少数病例能明确显示瘤颈和载瘤动脉的关系.旋转DSA显示动脉瘤结构的能力较常规DSA明显提高.所有血管三维重建的图像都清晰显示了颅内动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈形态及载瘤动脉关系.结论 旋转DSA及血管三维重建技术对颅内动脉瘤病变结构显示极佳,尤其是三维重建技术,明显有助于提高对颅内动脉瘤的诊断和介入治疗.     

三维DSA与二维DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断中价值的比较

目的：比较三维（3D）DSA与二维（2D）DSA）在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法：22名疑为颅内动脉瘤的患者同行3D DSA和2D DSA检查,双盲法诊断3DDSA和2DDSA分别发现的动脉瘤的个数、动脉瘤与载瘤动脉和邻近血管的关系是否清楚,动脉瘤囊内有无穿支。结果：发现的30个动脉瘤中3D DSA的假生数和假阴性数均为0;2D DSA的假阳性数和假阴性数均为2个。3D DSA对30个动脉瘤和载瘤动脉及邻近血管的关系均显示清楚,发现2个动脉瘤囊内有穿支;2D DSA仅对8个动脉瘤（其中4个后交通动脉瘤,3个前交通动脉瘤和1个颈眼动脉瘤）和载瘤动脉及邻近血管的关系显示脉瘤（其中4个月后交通动脉瘤,个前交通动脉瘤和1个颈眼动脉瘤）和载瘤动脉及邻近血管的关系显示脉瘤（其中4个后交通过动脉瘤,3个前交通动脉瘤和1个颈眼动脉瘤）和载瘤动脉及邻近血管的关系显示清楚,无法证实动脉瘤囊内有无穿支。结论3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤的诊断方面明显优越于2D DSA。     

旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨旋转血管造影技术对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对21例蛛网膜下腔出血（subarachnoid hemorrhage，SAH）患者的脑血管造影检查资料进行回顾性分析，所有患者均行常规数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）及旋转DSA检查，比较DSA和旋转DSA对动脉瘤瘤体、瘤颈和载瘤血管的显示情况。结果④21例患者共发现动脉瘤23个，常规DSA仅清晰显示16个，旋转DSA清晰显示23个。②DSA清晰显示瘤颈4个，载瘤血管11个，旋转DSA清晰显示瘤颈17个，载瘤血管21个。经统计学处理，差异均具有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论旋转DSA比常规DSA更容易发现动脉瘤．能更清晰显示动脉瘤形态、位置以及与周围血管的关系，是常规DSA不可缺少的补充。     

3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤介入诊疗中的应用价值

目的评价3D DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中的作用,并与2D DSA比较。方法50个破裂的颅内动脉瘤均行2D DSA及3DDSA检查。观察2D DSA及3D DSA(VR)对颅内动脉瘤瘤颈和瘤体形态的显示,评估血管内栓塞治疗的可行性。获取血管内栓塞治疗的参考图像。通过对瘤颈和瘤体的测量,正确选择第1枚弹簧圈的直径及长度。结果50个破裂的颅内动脉瘤中,2D DSA能清楚显示14个动脉瘤的瘤颈;VR能清楚显示所有动脉瘤的瘤颈。2D DSA能清楚显示26个动脉瘤的形态;VR能清楚显示所有动脉瘤的形态。2D DSA认为6例不能行血管内栓塞治疗;3D DSA显示全部能行血管内栓塞治疗并栓塞成功。49个颅内动脉瘤行血管内栓塞治疗时均从3D DSA获取参考图像。48个第1枚弹簧圈选择正确。结论3D DSA在评估颅内动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗的可行性、获得参考图像、动脉瘤精确测量等方面具有重要的临床价值。     

3D-DSA在颅内微小动脉瘤诊断及指导治疗中的价值

目的探讨3D-DSA在颅内微小动脉瘤诊断及指导治疗中的价值。方法对86例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血和脑动脉瘤可疑的患者行常规DSA,并行3D重建,比较常规DSA与3D-DSA对颅内微小动脉瘤检出率的差异,同时基于3D-DSA显示动脉瘤情况指导临床选择最佳的治疗方式。结果常规DSA发现57例75个动脉瘤,其中直径≤5mm动脉瘤39个,直径5mm动脉瘤36个;3D-DSA发现69例86个动脉瘤,其中直径≤5mm动脉瘤50个,直径5mm动脉瘤36个,微小动脉瘤(直径≤5mm)检出率3D-DSA较常规DSA提高22%。依据3D-DSA显示动脉瘤的位置、瘤颈大小、瘤体与载瘤动脉关系,有40例患者分别选择手术或介入治疗,其中20例行动脉瘤夹闭术,13例行介入栓塞术,7例行支架辅助+介入栓塞术。结论 3D-DSA能明显提高颅内微小动脉瘤的检出率,在显示瘤颈大小、载瘤动脉和瘤体结构方面明显优于常规DSA,并有助于指导动脉瘤的治疗。     

三维动态增强MR血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的 评价三维动态增强磁共振血管造影(3D DCE-MRA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值。方法 对54例高度怀疑有颅内动脉瘤的病人行3D DCE-MRA检查，随后行DSA造影及可行的血管内栓塞治疗。3D DCE-MRA用超快速三维梯度回波序列(3D FISP)(钆喷替酸葡甲胺0．2mmol／kg,1次扫描时间10s)，工作站上三维重建，比较3D DCE-MRA及常规DSA在显示动脉瘤、瘤颈及与载瘤动脉关系上的优劣，及对血管内栓塞治疗的价值。结果 39例脑动脉瘤患者共45个动脉瘤，3D DCE-MRA对动脉瘤的敏感度为96％，特异度73％，准确度90％。3D DCE-MRA对动脉瘤细节及瘤颈的显示明显优于常规DSA，尤其是颈内动脉海绵窦部及椎动脉近小脑后下动脉的动脉瘤，可指导DSA显示动脉瘤方向及预先制定治疗方案。但对周边部及动脉分岔处小动脉瘤的诊断应谨慎。结论3D DCE-MRA能无创有效地诊断颅内动脉瘤，所提供的三维信息对治疗方案的制定具有极大帮助。当诊断有怀疑时，应结合DSA检查。     

64层3D-CTA与3D-DSA对颅内动脉瘤评价的对比研究

目的 对比评价64层螺旋CT三维血管造影(3D-CTA)与三维数字减影血管造影(3D-DSA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 28例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者均行64层螺旋CT血管造影和DSA,CT三维后处理主要包括容积重建(VR)及最大密度投影(MIP).常规二维DSA检查后,对可疑病变血管行旋转DSA检查,应用三维工作软件行3D后处理,比较3D-CTA与3D-DSA对动脉瘤显示的价值.结果 28例病例中22例CTA和DSA均显示动脉瘤并经手术或栓塞证实,其中1例CTA和DSA显示单个动脉瘤,手术证实为2个动脉瘤,1例CTA显示假阳性.3D-CTA与3D-DSA均能清楚显示动脉瘤形状、瘤径指向、瘤体直径、瘤颈、载瘤动脉、瘤体穿动脉情况,两者无明显差异.结论 64层3D-CTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断及细节显示上与3D-DSA无明显差异,一定程度上应能替代血管造影,指导临床治疗.     

旋转数字减影血管造影及三维重建在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用

目的 探讨脑血管旋转数字减影血管造影(DSA)和三维重建对颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗价值.方法 使用荷兰PHILIPS公司数字减影机,对35例疑有动脉瘤破裂的蛛网膜下隙出血患者行普通二维DSA及旋转DSA检查,并行血管三维重建,获得关于动脉瘤的定位、方向、瘤颈、动脉瘤清晰度、载瘤动脉和周嗣血管分支的立体解剖图像,将旋转DSA及三维影像与普通二维DSA结果比较.结果 常规DSA检查发现动脉瘤36个(30例),其中7例动脉瘤的方向及载瘤动脉和周围血管解剖关系显示不清,3例动脉瘤的颈部显示不清;5例未见明显动脉瘤染色.加摄旋转DSA并行三维重建后,又发现3例微小动脉瘤,明确诊断颅内动脉瘤39个(33例),2例仍未见动脉瘤.动脉瘤的全貌,瘤颈的位置、宽窄,载瘤动脉及周围血管分支的解剖关系清晰显示,避免了因血管重叠而产生的对动脉瘤的遮挡.结论 旋转DSA可从270°旋转视角更清晰地连续显示动脉瘤、瘤颈及周围的血管解剖结构,加三维重建后,动脉瘤的大小、方向、载瘤动脉及周围血管的关系呈立体解剖影像,既提高了动脉瘤血管造影诊断的灵敏度,降低了漏诊率,又为手术和介入治疗提供了更为全面、准确的影像资料.     

旋转DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值

目的 研究旋转DSA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 使用荷兰PHILIPS－INTEGRIS V－3000型DSA系统,对20例疑有颅内动脉瘤的蛛网膜下腔出血患者作旋转DSA检查,并与常规DSA检查比较,得到一系列关于动脉瘤的定位,动脉瘤颈的清晰度及血管分支解剖的图象。结果 旋转DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的20例患者,常规DSA检查发现18例动脉瘤,其中6例（6／18）动脉瘤的载瘤动脉及周围血管解剖关系显示不清,7例（7／18）动脉瘤的颈部显示不清。加摄旋转DSA检查后,动脉瘤的全貌,瘤颈的位置与结构及周围血管分支的解剖关系清晰显示。结论 旋转SA可更好、更清晰的显示动脉瘤的颈部及其周围的血管解剖结构,从而提高了动脉瘤的血管造影诊断价值,为手术提供更为准确的参考价值。     

Follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils: comparison of gadolinium-enhanced 3D time-of-flight MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography

PURPOSE: To compare three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight magnetic resonance (MR) angiography with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with selective endovascular placement of detachable coils. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-eight consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysms were included in the prospective study. The goal was to evaluate 3D time-of-flight MR angiography versus DSA for the detection of a residual aneurysm neck or residual flow inside the coil mesh. RESULTS: Eighty-one MR angiographic and 83 DSA examinations were performed; 15 patients were examined with both modalities twice. MR angiography was not possible in two patients. In another patient, the quality of MR angiography was not sufficient to assess the treated aneurysm. In 72 of the remaining 80 MR angiographic and DSA examinations, there was good correlation between the two modalities. In 54 cases, neither image type showed remnants or recurrence, but in 18, both showed residual aneurysm. In eight cases, the MR angiographic and DSA results differed. In one of these cases, MR angiography depicted residual aneurysm but DSA depicted an arterial loop. In seven cases, a small (<3-mm) remnant was not detected at MR angiography. CONCLUSION: Because very small aneurysm remnants or recurrences probably are not clinically important, MR angiography is an option for following up intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils and may partly replace DSA.     

颅内动脉瘤的比较影像学研究

目的：比较分析DSA、3D TOF MRA及CT对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法：30例颅内动脉瘤均经血管造影和手术征实，所有病例均先后作CT、3D TOF MRA及DSA检查，对其影像学特征进行比较研究。结果：DSA显示全部瘤体，呈囊状、梭形局部突出影；3D TOF MRA显示28个动脉瘤(2个假阳性)，4个未显示，其显示动脉瘤的敏感性为86．7％，假阳性为6．7％。CT显示瘤体及蛛网膜下腔出血提示动脉瘤者15例，占50％；无异常者8例，占26．7％。结论：DSA仍然是诊断颅内动脉瘤的金标准‘3D TOF MRA虽然是显示颅内动脉瘤的敏感方法之一，但对确定治疗方案价值低于DSA；CT敏感性较差，但可通过显示其间接征象提示动脉瘤。     

MSCTA与DSA对蛛网膜下腔出血病因的诊断

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维血管成像(3DMSCTA)作为自发性蛛网膜下腔出血首选病因诊断方法的临床价值。方法:回顾搜集了2002年1月至2005年3月自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者71例,均行数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查和多层螺旋CT血管造影检查,比较二种影像学方法的优缺点。结果:71例中,DSA发现动脉瘤58例,其中发生在颈内动脉床突上段3例,前交通支20例,大脑前动脉2例,后交通支23例,基底动脉5例,大脑中动脉主干侧裂分叉部3例,多发小动脉瘤2例;动静脉畸形6例;动静脉畸形合并动脉瘤3例;静脉性血管异常2例;阴性2例。3DMSCTA检出大小动脉瘤61个,显示瘤体、瘤颈、载瘤动脉和与周围血管及颅骨的关系清晰、确切。显示畸形血管团的部位大小,供血动脉来源,引流静脉的分支情况,空间立体结构清晰。71例DSA检查者,CTA诊断符合者67例;2例MSCTA发现动脉瘤,DSA检查阴性;MSCTA漏诊2例;2例经CT平扫显示有蛛网膜下腔出血,而MSCTA与DSA均无阳性发现。所有患者中29例行血管内栓塞治疗,手术治疗35例,内科保守治疗7例。结论:3DMSCTA检查诊断蛛网膜下腔出血性疾病的敏感性高,是一种安全、无创、简便、快速、准确的诊断方法。     

大动脉瘤螺旋CT血管造影与DSA比较研究

目的:探讨大动脉瘤螺旋CT 血管造影(SCTA) 检查技术和应用价值,为合理选择SCTA 和DSA 检查方法提供依据。材料和方法:34 例大动脉瘤,均行SCTA 和DSA 检查,其中29 例经手术证实,术后7 例随访检查用SCTA。SCTA用最大强度投影( MIP) 和表面遮盖显示(SSD) 两种方法重建血管。结果:胸主动瘤10 例,腹主动脉瘤15 例,胸腹主动脉连续性动脉瘤2 例,髂动脉瘤7 例。SCTA 和DSA 均能较好地显示大动脉瘤的部位、形状、范围及夹层情况。MIP 重建图像能显示动脉壁钙化,SSD 重建图像能较好地显示动脉瘤的三维形态,SCTA 结合CT 横断面及多平面重建图像可更清楚显示动脉腔、动脉壁、附壁血栓及动脉周围组织结构。DSA 图像空间分辨力较SCTA 高,但不能清楚显示动脉壁、附壁血栓及动脉周围组织结构。结论:对大动脉瘤可首选SCTA 检查以替代DSA 检查。     

Comparison of three-dimensional rotational angiography with digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Rotational angiography (RA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) together may depict more intracranial aneurysms than DSA alone. We compared the diagnostic value of 3D RA and biplanar DSA in detecting, classifying, and planning treatment for ruptured intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: A total of 53 patients with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (Hunt and Hess grades I-V) underwent angiography with both methods. DSA was performed in two to six standard projections in every vascular territory. Three-dimensional RA datasets were evaluated by using surface-shaded display and maximum intensity projection. The usefulness of DSA images and 3D datasets in detecting aneurysms (number, configuration) and treatment planning were retrospectively analyzed in a blinded manner. RESULTS: In 42 patients, 56 aneurysms were detected, (one to five per patient; size, 0.6-20.4 mm); no aneurysm was found in 11 patients. RA revealed seven aneurysms not seen at conventional DSA. RA failed to depict one aneurysm visible only in a compression series. Delineation of the aneurysmal neck improved with RA in 71% of cases; the parent vessel and its relationship to adjacent vessels was demonstrated better with RA than with DSA in 45% and 50%, respectively. Endovascular treatment was proposed in nine patients; microsurgical therapy, in 26. In seven patients, both options were rated as being equal. Actual treatment consisted of eight endovascular procedures and 30 neurosurgical operations. Four patients died before therapy. CONCLUSION: Compared with DSA, 3D RA allows more exact depiction of anatomic details that are important in planning surgery and interventional therapy for intracranial aneurysms. RA depicted more aneurysms.     

Three-dimensional reconstructed rotational digital subtraction angiography in planning treatment of intracranial aneurysms

We evaluated three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of 200 ° rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images for their contributions to improving the safety of endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Standard DSA and 200 ° rotational DSA were performed in 40 adult patients (aged 21–77 years) with 45 intracranial aneurysms. Information obtainable from standard DSA and 3D-DSA images about aneurysm shape and size was compared. In 40 (89 %) of the 45 aneurysms 3D-DSA gave additional information about the anatomy of the aneurysm. In 17 (43 %) of these cases aneurysm anatomy could be visualized better on 3D-DSA than on standard DSA images. In three cases only 3D-DSA images showed blood vessels originating from the aneurysm. Reconstructed 3D images were also helpful in visualizing partially clipped aneurysms. On maximum-intensity projection images it was even possible to depict previously embolized aneurysms. Blood vessels originating from the aneurysm are visible on 3D-DSA images, and even previously clipped aneurysms can be visualized well. Rotational DSA with 3D reconstruction is a helpful tool in the assessment of intracranial aneurysms. Received: 7 September 1999; Revised: 26 November 1999; Accepted: 26 November 1999     

Three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and contrast-enhanced MRA of intracranial aneurysms treated with platinum coils

Background: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is less prone to flow-related signal intensity loss than three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) MRA and may therefore be more sensitive for detection of residual patency in platinum coil-treated intracranial aneurysms.

Purpose: To compare MRA and CE-MRA in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with platinum coils.

Material and Methods: CE-MRA and 3D TOF MRA (pre- and postcontrast injection) of the intracranial vasculature was performed at 1.5T in 38 patients (47 aneurysms) referred for DSA in the follow-up of coiled intracranial aneurysms.

Results: DSA showed aneurysm patency in 22/47 investigations. Patent aneurysm components were observed with CE-MRA in 18/22 cases, and with 3D TOF MRA in 21/22 cases. There was no significant difference in patent aneurysm component size between CE-MRA and 3D TOF MRA. In addition, CE-MRA showed six, 3D TOF MRA before contrast injection showed seven, and 3D TOF MRA after contrast injection showed eight cases with patent aneurysm components not observed on DSA.

Conclusion: 3D TOF MRA was highly sensitive for detection of patent aneurysm components, and at least as sensitive as CE-MRA. Residual aneurysm patency seems to be better visualized with MRA than with DSA in some cases.     

64层螺旋CT脑血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的:与DSA相对照,探讨64层螺旋CT脑血管造影在颅内动脉瘤中的诊断价值。方法:对29例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者行64层螺旋CT脑血管造影(CTA)和DSA检查,使用GE64层Lightspeed VCT获得原始图像,所有病例均采用多层面重建(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)、容积再现(volume rendering,VR)、薄层块最大密度投影(thin-slab maximumintensity projectjon,TS MIP)。后处理图像及DSA图像由2位放射科医生共同评估。结果:29例患者中,DSA证实25例共27个动脉瘤,其中2例为2个动脉瘤。与DSA结果相对照,CTA共检出25例26个动脉瘤,漏诊了1个颈出动脉瘤。CTA清晰显示了动脉瘤的形态、大小及载瘤动脉,3例动脉瘤瘤颈DSA未显示,CTA显示了全部动脉瘤的瘤颈。结论:64层CTA在颅内动脉瘤的诊断中具有极高价值,特别在显示动脉瘤瘤颈方面具有独特的优势,对临床治疗具有指导意义。     

Magnetic resonance angiography with contrast media bolus in the evaluation of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta

PURPOSE: To investigate the potentials of 3D breath-hold contrast-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) in the diagnosis, follow-up and treatment planning of abdominal aortic aneurysms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysm underwent MRA. We used a 1.5 T unit (GE Horizon, Echospeed 8.2), a phased array surface coil and 3D Fast SPGR T1-weighted sequences acquired on the coronal plane during patient breath-hold and after contrast agent i.v. administration. A bolus-test was done before angiography to optimize imaging delay time. After 3D MRA a Fast-SPGR T1-weighted sequence was acquired on the axial plane. The 3D MRA source images were processed with the MIP algorithm. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out. Helical CT was performed in 6 cases and DSA in 7 cases. Surgery was the reference standard in 15 patients. RESULTS: MRA depicted aneurysm thrombosis in 22 cases, carrefour involvement in 18 cases and iliac arteries involvement in 3 cases. Accessory renal arteries were shown in 4 cases; iliac artery stenosis was associated in 5 cases. There was agreement between MR and Helical CT and DSA findings: surgery confirmed MRA results in 15/15 cases. CONCLUSIONS: 3D contrast-enhanced MRA can be considered the method of choice in the follow-up and treatment planning of abdominal aortic aneurysms, because it provides both angiographic and tomographic images: this allows to obtain more information, noninvasively and without the use of ionizing radiations.     

颅内动脉瘤 3D DCE-MRA与DSA对照研究

目的 探讨三维动态增强MR血管造影(3D DCE-MRA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值. 资料与方法 对39例临床拟诊动脉瘤和常规MRA可疑动脉瘤的患者行3D DCE-MRA,随后行DSA,比较两种方法 对颅内动脉瘤的显示情况. 结果 34例动脉瘤患者中共有动脉瘤41个,3D DCE-MRA对动脉瘤诊断的敏感性为95%,特异性为80%,准确性为85%,3D DCE-MRA与DSA比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论 3D DCE-MRA是一项无创、安全、简便和可靠的诊断颅内动脉瘤的方法,对于颅内较大血管的动脉瘤的显示,可以取代DSA.