新疆孕马尿中主要结合雌激素定性定量方法研究

目的:建立孕马尿中主要结合雌激素的定性定量方法。方法:孕马尿样品通过HPD-400大孔树脂固相萃取处理后,采用银化硅胶薄层色谱法快速鉴别孕马尿中雌酮硫酸钠、马烯雌酮硫酸钠、17α-二氢马烯雌酮硫酸钠3种主要结合雌激素;采用merck整体化柱分离,测定样品中3种主要结合雌激素含量。结果:薄层色谱中,供试品色谱与对照品色谱在相应位置显相同颜色的条带,条带清晰,分离效果好,阴性无干扰;建立的含量快速测定方法,3种主要结合雌激素在10min内可达到完全分离,浓度分别为0.8～6.4μg·mL-1(r=0.9996),0.4～3.2μg·mL-1(r=0.9998),0.3～2.4μg.mL-1(r=0.9998)线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为96.1%,96.5%,98.2%。结论:该方法快速、准确、可靠,适合孕马尿中主要结合雌激素的定性、定量检测,对于孕马尿品质评价具有参考价值。     

孕马尿中3种主要结合雌激素的固相萃取-UPLC法测定

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱法快速检测新疆孕马尿中的3种主要结合雌激素——雌酮硫酸钠、马烯雌酮硫酸钠和17α-双氢马烯雌酮硫酸钠。采用大孔树脂固相萃取柱(SPE)富集孕马尿中的结合雌激素,以UPLC-PDA检测。采用C_(18)色谱柱,以0.025 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-乙腈(77:23)为流动相,检测波长215 nm。3种结合雌激素分别在0.6～6.0、0.3～3.0和0.2～2 0μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好。平均回收率分别为97.0%、96.4%和98.3%,RSD分别为0.9%、1.7%和1.6%。     

新疆孕马尿中主要结合雌激素SPE-AgNO_3-TLC定性鉴别研究

目的:建立孕马尿中主要结合雌激素的SPE-AgNO3-TLC定性方法。方法:采用大孔树脂固相萃取柱对孕马尿中结合雌激素富集净化,通过盐洗、碱洗除去部分杂质,乙醇进行洗脱,采用AgNO3-TLC鉴别孕马尿中3种主要结合雌激素。结果:薄层色谱中,供试品色谱与对照品色谱在相应位置显相同颜色的条带,条带清晰,分离效果好,阴性无干扰。结论:SPE-AgNO3-TLC适合孕马尿中主要结合雌激素的定性检测,对于孕马尿中结合雌激素品质评价具有重要参考价值。     

结合雌激素阴道软胶囊质量研究

目的建立结合雌激素阴道软胶囊（Conjugated Estrogens vaginal soft capsule）质量标准。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定结合雌激素阴道软胶囊含量;检查其崩解、融变时限,并与参比制剂进行对比研究。结果马烯雌酮硫酸钠和雌酮硫酸钠分别在2．02～10．09μg、4．03～20．16μg内呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9999）,马烯雌酮硫酸钠3个浓度回收率分别为100．0％,101．3％和99．4％,雌酮硫酸钠3个浓度回收率分别为99．0％,99．4％和101．8％。结合雌激素阴道软胶囊崩解、融变时限与参比制剂间无差异（P〉0．05）。结论本法专属性强,重复性、精密度好,结果准确可靠,可作为结合雌激素阴道软胶囊的质量控制方法。     

结合雌激素阴道软胶囊质量研究

目的 建立结合雌激素阴道软胶囊(Conjugated Estrogens vaginal soft capsule)质量标准。方法 采用高效液相色谱法测定结合雌激素阴道软胶囊含量;检查其崩解、融变时限,并与参比制剂进行对比研究。结果 马烯雌酮硫酸钠和雌酮硫酸钠分别在2.02～10.09 μg、4.03～20.16 μg内呈良好的线性关系(r＝0.999 9),马烯雌酮硫酸钠3个浓度回收率分别为100.0%,101.3%和99.4%,雌酮硫酸钠3个浓度回收率分别为99.0%,99.4%和101.8%。结合雌激素阴道软胶囊崩解、融变时限与参比制剂间无差异(P>0.05)。结论 本法专属性强,重复性、精密度好,结果准确可靠,可作为结合雌激素阴道软胶囊的质量控制方法。     

结合雌激素的药理作用及临床应用

<正>Premarin是一种从孕马尿中提取的天然类固醇类雌激素。FDA首次允许Premarin的正式使用是在1942年,根据1938年FDC ACT中75-717条的相关规定,认为该药对更年期综合征及相关症状安全有效。当时认为该药中主要含雌酮和马烯雌酮,其它雌激素的含量是极少的,其药效和雌激素功效是由比色分析和对小鼠的活体试验分析分别来控制,并且     

替代对照品法用于丹参和复方丹参片含量测定的研究

目的:建立HPLC替代对照品法测定丹参和复方丹参片的含量。方法:选取对羟基苯甲酸甲酯作为丹参和复方丹参片含量测定对照品丹酚酸B的替代对照品,在不同的条件下测定替代对照品相对对照品的校正因子,利用校正因子和替代对照品对羟基苯甲酸甲酯进行丹参和复方丹参片中丹酚酸B的含量测定。结果:丹酚酸B和对羟基苯甲酸甲酯进样量分别在0.09～2.71μg(r=1.0000)和0.015～0.45μg(r=1.0000)内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(n=7),测得校正因子f=5.2884,用替代对照品测定方法测得回收率为100.5%(n=9)。结论:本文首次在高效液相色谱仪上使用替代对照品测定了丹参和复方丹参片中丹酚酸B的含量,结果证明用替代对照品对于丹参和复方丹参片进行药品质量控制是可行的、实用的。     

关于HPLC法测定药品中杂质含量的讨论

2000版《中国药典》二部附录VD高效液相色谱法中给出了利用HPLC法测定杂质含量的五种方法:(1)内标法加校正因子测定供试品中某个杂质的含量;(2)外标法测定供试品中某个杂质的含量;(3)加校正因子的主成分自身对照法;(4)不加校正因子的主成分自身对照法;(5)面积归一化法。其中     

1H-NMR法分析头孢孟多酯钠对照品

目的　测定首批对照品头孢孟多酯钠含量和头孢孟多校正因子。方法　采用 L C/ MSNMR的方法鉴定了样品中所含的主要降解产物为头孢孟多 ;选择合适的溶剂防止降解反应的发生 ,采用 NMR法测定头孢孟多酯钠和头孢孟多的含量 ,计算出头孢孟多相对于头孢孟多酯钠的校正因子 ,同时采用 L C法对测定结果进行了验证。结果　NMR与 L C含量测定及校正因子测定结果一致。结论　NMR法测定含量方法准确、简便、快速 ,NMR测定校正因子方法可行     

硅烷化气相色谱法测定注射用倍美力和倍美力软膏中结合态雌激素

目的：建立了GC－FID法测定注射用倍美力和倍病历和软膏含量方法：样品通过硫酸酯酶水解得到游离雌激素,经1％三甲基氯硅烷的双（三甲基硅烷）三氟乙酰胺硅烷化后,用RtxR-225(15m*0.25mm*0.25um）弹性石英毛细管色谱柱,以3－甲氧基雌酮为示,程序升温分离雌酮,马烯雌酮,17a-二氢马烯雌酮,17a-雌二醇,17β－雌二醇,17-β二氢马烯雌酮。结果：3个主要成分雌酮,分烯雌酮,17α-二氢马烯雌酮分别在80－480ug.mL^-1(r=0.9994),40-280ug.mL^-1(r=0.9997),20-170ug.mL^-1（r=0.9995)的浓率范围内呈良好线性关系。雌酮,马烯雌酮,17α-二氢马烯雌酮平均回收率分别为100．6％,RSD＝1．20％,100,0％,RSD＝0．98％,100．2％,RSD＝1．50％。结论：本法选择性高,重现性好,准确,快速和应用简便。     

Fluorodensitometric determination of conjugated estrogens in raw material and in pharmaceutical preparations

A simple, rapid and reproducible fluorodensitometric method for the determination of conjugated estrogens has been developed. The proposed procedure includes the following steps: extraction, hydrolysis of sodium sulphate esters of estrone, equilin, equilenin and their 17--hydroxy derivatives, separation of the liberated 3-phenolic steroids and in situ measurement of fluorescence. The fluorescence emission was measured after spraying the spots of estrone and estradiol with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in sulphuric acid—ethanol medium and equilin and 17--dihydroequilin with phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide solution, respectively. Equilenin and 17--dihydroequilenin were determined by measuring the native fluorescence. The method applied to the determination of raw material and tablets provided results which agreed well with the stated content and the requirements of USP XXI for conjugated estrogens.     

替代对照品法同时测定川芎中丁苯酞和藁本内酯的含量

目的:建立HPLC替代对照品法同时测定川芎中丁苯酞和藳本内酯。方法:采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,以甲醇-水(52∶48)为流动相,流速1.0 mL.min-1,丁苯酞检测波长228 nm,藁本内酯检测波长330nm,柱温35℃。以丁苯酞作为藁本内酯的替代对照品,在不同条件下测定相对校正因子,利用相对校正因子和替代对照品同时测定川芎中丁苯酞和藁本内酯的含量。结果:丁苯酞和藁本内酯进样量分别在0.01～0.2μg(r=0.9999)和0.1～2.0μg(r=0.9999)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,测得相对校正因子f’为1.0806,不同条件下相对校正因子的重现性良好,利用相对校正因子计算川芎中待测成分含量与外标法实测值之间没有明显差异。结论:用丁苯酞替代藁本内酯作为对照品,同时测定川芎中丁苯酞及藁本内酯的含量,解决了藳本内酯对照品不稳定的难题,该方法可用于川芎的质量控制。     

Conjugated estrogens bioinequivalence: comparison of four products in postmenopausal women.

The bioequivalence of four conjugated estrogens tablets USP was compared by measurement of seven estrogens or estrogen metabolites in the urine during steady-state dosing in postmenopausal women. Two studies compared three generic products with the innovator's product. The urinary excretion of 17 alpha-dihydroequilin, 17 alpha-dihydroequilenin, and 17 alpha-estradiol were significantly greater in all cases with the innovator's product than with the generic products. Statistically significant differences between products were observed occasionally for other components. The generic products thus were bioinequivalent to the innovator's product, although all products essentially met current compendial specifications. A third study observed no significant differences between three batches of the innovator's product for the seven components. Total conjugated estrogens excretion of all products at the steady state was essentially equal and correlated with neither disintegration time nor dissolution half-time. Bioinequivalence between products is discussed in relation to the need for an improved USP conjugated estrogens monograph. Evidence suggesting the metabolism of a fraction of dosed estrone, equilin, and 17 alpha-dihydroequilin to 17 beta-estradiol, 17 beta-dihydorequilim, and 17 alpha-dihydroequilenin, respectively, is presented.     

替代对照品法测定龙血竭原料中龙血素A和B的含量

目的:建立替代对照品法同时测定龙血竭原料剑叶龙血树中龙血素A、B的含量。方法:提出了相对斜率的概念,解释了它与相对校正因子的数学关系,阐释了相对斜率(相对校正因子)的物理意义,进而采用相对斜率算法建立剑叶龙血树的含量测定法,并进行方法学验证。结果:方法的线性和回收率均良好;以龙血素A为参照,龙血素B的相对斜率和相对保留时间平均值为1.248和1.06,且在5个不同的色谱系统上保持稳定;相对斜率值与使用紫外分光光度计按吸光系数法测得值一致。结论:相对斜率算法简便、准确,以此进行替代对照品法测定剑叶龙血树中龙血素A、B是可行的。     

Single dose pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg × 2) tablets in healthy post-menopausal female subjects in fasting and fed studies

Abstract

Conjugated estrogens are sulfate esters of naturally occurring estrogens. The pharmacokinetics of various estrogen formulations is complex and varying due to its endogenous availability. The present studies were designed to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence between two formulations of conjugated estrogens (0.625?mg tablets). Both the studies were designed as two-treatment, four-period, replicate cross-over single dose studies in 60 healthy post-menopausal female subjects under fasting and fed conditions, respectively. Since estrone is present endogenously, for baseline correction three pre-dose samples were obtained for total and unconjugated estrone. Plasma samples were analyzed by validated LC-MS/MS method and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated for total and unconjugated forms of both estrone and equilin. The least square mean ratios and its 90% confidence interval for primary pharmacokinetic parameters C_max, AUC_0–t and AUC_0–inf were found to be within bioequivalence limits of 80.00–125.00% for total and unconjugated forms of baseline corrected estrone and baseline un-corrected equilin. In conclusion, both test and reference products were well-tolerated and the test product was bioequivalent with the reference product in terms of the rate and extent of absorption in both fasting and fed studies.     

CYTOTOXICITY OF ESTRADIOL,EQUILIN, EQUILENIN,AND THEIR DERIVATIVES ON CHINESE HAMSTER V79 CELLS

Recently, we investigated the inhibitory effects of 17β-estradiol and diethylstilbestrol on microtubule assembly, cytotoxicity, and aneuploidy in V79 cells. The present study analyzes the effects of equilin and equilenin (amongst the natural estrogens originally isolated from the urine of pregnant horses) and their related compounds, on the relative plating efficiency of Chinese hamster V79 cells. The results showed that a hydroxyl group on 17-C and a methoxyl group on 3-C of the estrogen skeleton were important for cytotoxicity. Of the various compounds analyzed, 2-methoxyestradiol had the strongest cytotoxicity, suggesting also the importance of a methoxyl group on 2-C.     

一测多评法同时测定猫爪藤中8种生物碱的含量

目的建立一测多评法同时测定猫爪藤中8种生物碱的含量。方法采用HPLC法,以钩藤碱E为替代对照品,用生物碱峰的保留时间和钩藤碱E峰的保留时间的比值对各峰进行定性,用相对校正因子计算猫爪藤中8种生物碱的含量。同时,采用外标法和一测多评法同时对猫爪藤中8种生物碱的含量测定结果进行比较。结果各生物碱峰的保留时间和钩藤碱E峰的保留时间的比值的RSD值均小于0.3%,一测多评法和外标法的检测结果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用一测多评法,以钩藤碱E为替代对照品,可实现同时测定猫爪藤中8种生物碱的含量。     

一测多评法测定天然辣椒碱中2种主要成分

目的建立以1种对照品同时测定天然辣椒碱中2种成分的质量评价方法。方法以辣椒辣素为对照,采用一测多评法,同时测定辣椒辣素和二氢辣椒辣素的含量。结果测得辣椒辣素与二氢辣椒辣素的相对校正因子为1.12,同时采用外标法和一测多评法测定样品中二氢辣椒辣素含量,采用t检验对二者测定值进行比较,二者之间无显著差异(P>0.05);以辣椒辣素的保留时间为1.00,计算得二氢辣椒辣素的相对保留时间为1.355,相对保留时间及保留时间差的RSD均小于5%。结论采用一测多评法,以辣椒辣素为对照,利用相对校正因子可实现同时测定辣椒辣素和二氢辣椒辣素的含量。