不同冻干保护剂对利巴韦林冻干粉针的影响研究

目的研究Emprove低内毒素蔗糖、无水乳糖、Emprove低内毒素葡萄糖、Emprove低内毒素甘露醇、Emprove低内毒素山梨醇、Emprove低内毒素氯化钾、Emprove低内毒素甘氨酸7种不同类型常用冻干保护剂对利巴韦林冻干粉针性能的影响。方法以外观和复溶效果为指标,考察了预冻时间、冻干保护剂用量、冻干时间的影响。测定了空白粉针剂和利巴韦林粉针剂冻干后含水量、p H值和利巴韦林质量分数。结果以无水乳糖为冻干保护剂,预冻时间6 h,冻干时间9 h,保护剂用量4%;以Emprove低内毒素氯化钾为冻干保护剂,预冻时间9 h,冻干时间9 h,保护剂用量4%;以Emprove低内毒素甘露醇为冻干保护剂,预冻时间6 h,冻干时间6 h,保护剂用量4%;以Emprove低内毒素甘氨酸为冻干保护剂,预冻时间12 h,冻干时间9 h,保护剂用量4%。所得冻干粉针外观饱满、平整,迅速、完全复溶。结论无水乳糖、Emprove低内毒素氯化钾、Emprove低内毒素甘露醇、Emprove低内毒素甘氨酸4种冻干保护剂更适合制备利巴韦林冻干粉针,可为水溶性药物冻干粉针剂的制备提供了参考。     

硼替佐米细菌内毒素检查方法学研究

目的对水不溶性药物硼替佐米经加入制剂辅料甘露醇溶液助溶后,采用凝胶法进行细菌内毒素检查的方法学验证,探讨水不溶性药物的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法取硼替佐米按制剂的处方加入10%甘露醇助溶后,进行样品溶液的凝胶法检查干扰试验和细菌内毒素检查。结果硼替佐米原料可溶于10%的甘露醇溶液,经稀释后可排除干扰且干扰试验符合药典规定。结论将硼替佐米用10%的甘露醇溶液配制成5 mg·mL-1溶液并用BET水稀释至0.002 5 mg·mL-1浓度时无干扰,可采用细菌内毒素检查法进行其质量控制。     

槲皮素纳米脂质体冻干粉针的制备及其质量评价

目的:研究槲皮素纳米脂质体冻干粉针的制备方法,并对其进行初步的质量评价。方法:以乳化蒸发-低温固化法和冷冻干燥法制备含有不同冻干保护剂的槲皮素纳米脂质体(QUE-NL)冻干粉,以包封率为评价指标,对制备工艺和处方进行单因素考察,并考察其理化性质,筛选出最佳配方。并对冻于粉针进行稳定性影响因素试验。结果:该法制得的脂质体包封率较佳;制备过程中,槲皮素纳米脂质体的包封率受药脂比影响较大,受胆固醇磷脂比影响较小;采用5%甘露醇+5%麦芽糖作为冻干保护剂冻干效果更好;所得冻于粉针对温度、光照较为敏感,也易受湿度影响。结论:5%甘露醇+5%麦芽糖是槲皮素纳米脂质体较合适的冻干保护剂,初步的稳定性考察结果表明,槲皮素纳米脂质体冻干粉针宜低温、避光、密封保存。以本试验方法制备的槲皮素纳米脂质体冻干粉粒径较小,包封率高,稳定性好,制备工艺合理可行。     

聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)修饰超氧化物歧化酶模拟物脂质体冻干制剂的制备

目的:制备聚(2-乙基-2-噁唑啉)(PEOZ)修饰超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)模拟物脂质体的冻干制剂。方法:通过考察预冻方式、预冻时间、真空干燥时间及联合冻干保护剂的种类及比例等优化冻干工艺,并测定所制制剂的水化复溶时间、粒径和包封率。结果:以10%乳糖+1%甘露醇+10%海藻糖作为联合冻干保护剂,并以外加方式加入PEOZ修饰SOD模拟物脂质体中,快速冷冻5h,真空干燥30h,可得到外观光洁、平整的目标冻干制剂;其水化复溶时间为(10±1)s,粒径为(159.3±10.2)nm,包封率为86.25%(RSD=3.26%,n=6)。结论:该优化冻干工艺质量可控,重复性好。     

蟾皮提取物固体脂质纳米粒的冻干工艺研究

目的对蟾皮提取物固体脂质纳米粒冻干工艺进行考察。方法以外观、复溶性、颗粒形态为指标,筛选最佳的冻干保护剂和冻干工艺。结果选择乳糖、甘露醇、蔗糖、磷脂( 300 mg)比例为 1.5∶2∶1.5∶1作为混合保护剂,优化后的冻干工艺为-40 ℃下预冻 8h,-45 ℃下升华干燥 20 h、25 ℃下解析干燥 4h。结论通过优化保护剂和冻干工艺,制备的冻干固体脂质纳米粒外观饱满,复溶性好,稳定性得到显著提高。     

5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉的制备

目的 为研究5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉的制备工艺,提高5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米粒的稳定性。方法 首先制备5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米粒,并以外观和再分散性为指标,进行单因素考察并利用正交实验优化工艺。结果 5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉的最佳制备工艺为预冻时间24 h、冻干保护剂为甘露醇、用量为80 mg、浓度为10%。冻干前后包封率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,冻干后的粒径和冻干前相比有一定增大。结论 5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖纳米粒冻干粉有望成为新剂型。     

聚乙二醇修饰青蒿素脂质纳米粒冻干工艺优化及其表征

目的筛选聚乙二醇(PEG)修饰青蒿素脂质纳米粒(PEG-ART-NLC)最优冻干保护剂处方,研究其冷冻干燥工艺及质量表征。方法制备含不同冻干保护剂的PEG-ART-NLC冻干粉,以外观、再分散性、复溶后外观、粒径、Zeta电位为指标,优化保护剂处方,并对比冻干前后脂质纳米粒质量变化。结果 4%甘露醇和4%蔗糖具良好的保护作用和再分散性,冻干后纳米粒粒径增大14.0 nm,Zeta电位绝对值降低8.8 m V,包封率降低14.5%,电镜下冻干前后纳米粒形态均为圆形或椭圆形,无明显差异。结论 4%甘露醇和4%蔗糖为最优保护剂处方,可用于制备稳定的PEG-ART-NLC冻干粉。     

去氢骆驼蓬碱脂质体冻干剂粉的制备工艺优选

目的:制备含有不同冻干保护剂的N-三甲基壳聚糖(TMC)包衣去氢骆驼蓬碱脂质体(TMC-HM-LP)的冻干粉,并筛选其最佳制备工艺。方法:用"薄膜分散-pH梯度法"制备去氢骆驼蓬碱脂质体,并采用孵育包衣法、低温高速离心法和结合高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量方法测定其包衣脂质体的包封率;以其冻干粉的外观在冻干前和复溶后脂质体的粒径、包封率作为对比指标,优选出最佳的冻干工艺以及冻干保护剂的种类及比例。结果:以葡萄糖-乳糖-甘露醇(2:1:0.5)作为冻干保护剂,通过"分步预冻"的方法和-80℃冷冻干燥技术得到的TMC-HM-LP外观良好,冻干前后粒径和包封率变化较小。结论:采用冷冻干燥技术并结合冻干保护剂的优选,可显著提高包衣脂质体的稳定性。     

卡介菌多糖核酸冻干粉针剂的制备

目的:研究卡介菌多糖核酸冻干粉针剂的制备方法.方法:按照卡介菌多糖核酸注射液的制备方法制备卡介菌多糖核酸溶液,依据真空冷冻干燥技术原理筛选冻干赋形剂和处方,确定最佳冻干工艺参数.结果:以10％甘露醇作赋形剂,温度-30℃预冻5h,-6℃以下升华干燥18 h,升温至35℃解析干燥并保温6h.制备3批卡介菌多糖核酸冻干粉针剂,外观及溶解性良好,按卡介菌多糖核酸注射液标准检定,各项理化指标和生物学指标均符合规定.结论:处方设计合理,冻干工艺可行.     

冻干工艺及保护剂对羟基喜树碱脂质体质量的影响

用薄膜水化-高压均质法制备羟基喜树碱脂质体,以葡聚糖凝胶色谱法分离脂质体和游离药物,采用HPLC法测定包封率。通过差示扫描量热法测定含不同保护剂的脂质体的最低共熔点和玻璃化转变温度,并比较冻干品外观、冻干前后脂质体包封率和粒径的变化,优选出最佳的冻干工艺、冻干保护剂种类及比例。结果表明,以6%蔗糖为冻干保护剂,经4℃、1 h,-18℃、12 h和-35℃、5 h逐步预冻,然后于-54℃冷冻干燥24 h,制得的冻干品外观良好,脂质体复溶后粒径变化小,包封率达(87.0±2.7)%。     

注射用米铂制剂配方与冻干工艺研究

目的 研究注射用米铂的配方及冻干生产工艺。方法 通过冻干溶剂的选择、原料溶解度试验、处方筛选、预冻工艺研究等确定注射用米铂配方和冻干工艺参数的控制范围。结果 确定冻干溶剂采用叔丁醇和环己烷的混合溶剂,环己烷最佳比例范围为10%~30%,药物浓度最佳范围为5~25 mg·mL^-1,确定冻干工艺采用阶段性预冻方式。结论 选定的配方和工艺可行,自研制剂与参比制剂质量等同,节约了工艺生产成本。     

注射用琥珀酰明胶的制备

目的制备注射用琥珀酰明胶,以提高其稳定性及运输贮藏的便易性。方法合成琥珀酰明胶,并用IR、1H-NMR及UV光谱方法对其进行表征,采用喷雾干燥和冷冻干燥工艺制备注射用琥珀酰明胶,同时对所制备产品的再分散性质进行了初步考察。结果合成条件为:明胶质量浓度为200 mg.L-1,琥珀酸酐质量浓度为10 mg.L-1,pH值为10,温度90℃,时间2 h。冷冻干燥法制备的注射用琥珀酰明胶与琥珀酰明胶对照品的1H-NMR、IR及UV谱图均相符。以质量浓度50 mg.L-1的甘露醇为冻干保护剂制备的产品外观蓬松饱满,复溶时间短。配成输液后渗透压为288 mmol.L-1,pH值为7.19。结论运用丁二酰化法合成琥珀酰明胶,以质量浓度50 mg.L-1甘露醇为冻干保护剂,利用冷冻干燥法可相对较稳定地制备拥有较好外观及溶解度的注射用琥珀酰明胶,且配制成输液后渗透压及pH值符合静脉用药要求。     

Optimization of an Alum-Adsorbed Vaccine Powder Formulation for Epidermal Powder Immunization

Purpose. To develop stable and effective aluminum salt (alum)-adsorbed vaccine powder formulations for epidermal powder immunization (EPI) via a spray freeze-drying (SFD) process. Methods. Powder properties were determined using particle size analysis, tap density, and scanning electron microscopy. Alum coagulation was monitored via optical microscopy and particle sedimentation. Protein analysis was determined by the BCA protein assay, SDS-PAGE, and an enzyme immunoassay. In vivo immunogenicity and skin reactogenicity were performed on hairless guinea pigs and pigs, respectively. Results. SFD of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) adsorbed to aluminum hydroxide or aluminum phosphate using an excipient combination of trehalose/mannitol/dextran produced vaccine powders of dense particles and satisfactory powder flowability and hygroscopicity. This formulation also offered excellent long-term stability to the powder and the antigen. The two most important factors influencing alum particle coagulation are the freezing rate and the concentration of aluminum in the liquid formulation for SFD. The SFD vaccines, when delivered to hairless guinea pigs by EPI or injected intramuscularly after reconstitution, were as immunogenic as the original liquid vaccine. A further study showed that EPI with SFD alum-adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus toxoid vaccine was well tolerated, whereas needle injection of the liquid formulation caused persistent granuloma. Conclusions. Stabilization of alum-adsorbed vaccine by SFD has important implications in extending vaccination to areas lacking a cold chain for transportation and storage and may also accelerate the development of new immunization technologies such as EPI.     

注射用丹参无菌粉末冷冻干燥工艺研究

目的:优化注射用丹参无菌粉末的冷冻干燥工艺,缩短冻干时间。方法:采用单因素试验,对降温方式、药液装量、浓度、预冻时间、压力、升华干燥温度、升华干燥时间、解析干燥温度等参数进行优化,确定最佳冷冻干燥工艺参数。结果:选择浓度为100mg.mL-1,装量为3.480mL,采用阶段性降温方式,预冻时间为120min,压力为5Pa,解析干燥温度为35℃,冷冻干燥总时间为36h。结论:最优参数下产品性状良好,冷冻干燥时间约缩短15h。     

丁香苦苷冻干粉针的处方优化及制备工艺的研究

目的:研究适合注射用丁香苦苷冻干粉针的处方配比和制备工艺。方法:以产品外观,复水性,含量等为指标,运用正交试验法优化其处方配比;采用真空冷冻干燥法制备其样品,用高效液相色谱法检测其含量,并对制备条件如装量、共晶点、预冻温度、升华温度、解吸温度等进行研究。结果:经优化,确定丁香苦苷含量为8%(A2),赋形剂用量为5%甘露醇(B2),装量为2.5mL(C3),西林瓶规格为7mL(D1);生产工艺为pH值为7.0,-45℃下预冻、-30℃下升华干燥和25℃时解吸干燥。结论:该工艺制备的丁香苦苷冻干粉针符合《中国药典》(2005版)冻干粉针的相关规定。     

Effect of Freezing Rate on the Stability of Liposomes During Freeze-Drying and Rehydration

Purpose. In the present study we examined the effect of the freezing protocol on carboxyfluorescein (CF) retention in liposomes after freeze-drying and rehydration. Methods. Liposomes were frozen slowly at 0.5°C/min, or quickly by submerging the samples in boiling nitrogen before freeze-drying. The thermal behaviour of the frozen dispersions was analysed by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MTDSC). The dried cakes were analysed by SEM, MTDSC and FTIR. The % encapsulated CF of the (re)hydrated liposomes was determined by fluorimetry after GPC, their vesicle size was measured by the Dynamic Light scattering Technique and their bilayer transition was studied by DSC. Results. Slow freezing resulted in a markedly higher CF retention after freeze-drying and rehydration as compared to quick freezing. The effect of the freezing rate depended on the lipid composition and was most pronounced for rigid liposomes. The damage caused by quick freezing did not occur after a freezing/thawing cycle. The freezing protocol did not influence the interaction between the phospholipids and the lyoprotectants (sucrose, trehalose or glucose) in the freeze-dried state. However, analysis by DSC of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC): dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) =10:1 and DPPC liposome dispersions showed that the freezing protocol affected the bilayer melting characteristics of these liposomes after freeze-drying and rehydration. Conclusions. A proper design of the freezing protocol is essential to achieve optimal stability of rigid liposomes during a freeze-drying and rehydration cycle.