RP-HPLC法同时测定不同产地栀子中栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ的含量

目的:建立同时测定栀子中栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ含量的方法,并对14批不同产地栀子药材中3种成分的含量进行测定。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Thermo ODSC1(8250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长分别为栀子苷238nm、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ440nm。结果:栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ、西红花苷-Ⅱ的进样量分别在0.448～5.600、0.142～1.775、0.026～0.325μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系,r分别为0.9992、0.9998、0.9999;三者平均回收率分别为99.69%(RSD=2.44%,n=6)、98.26%(RSD=2.62%,n=6)、102.94%(RSD=3.13%,n=6)。结论:本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可同时测定栀子中栀子苷、西红花苷-Ⅰ和西红花苷-Ⅱ的含量。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定盐酸黄酮哌酯片的含量

目的:建立一种采用反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定盐酸黄酮哌酯片含量的方法。方法:用Shim-Pack vp-ODS柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),以0.05mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾(含1％三乙胺,用磷酸调pH3.8)-0.0025mol·L~(-1)庚烷磷酸钠甲醇溶液(1:1.2)为流动相,流速1mL·min~(-1),UV检测波长241nm。柱温:室温,进样量20μL。结果:盐酸黄酮哌酯和前体杂质3-甲基黄酮-8-羧酸的保留时间分别为7.0min和5.0min,分离度为6.0,最低检测浓度分别为1.20μg·mL~(-1)和0.55μg·mL~(-1)。盐酸黄酮哌酯在0.119～0.834mg·mL~(-1)范围内呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9999。平均回收率(n=5)分别为99.04％(RSD=0.66％),99.36％(RSD=0.87％),99.64％(RSD=0.62％)。结论:本方法简便、快速、专属,结果准确可靠,能有效控制产品质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定桂枝中3种有效成分的含量

目的:建立HPLC法测定桂枝中桂皮醛、栓皮酸和邻甲氧基栓皮醛的含量。方法:采用ODS色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水-冰乙酸(45:55:0.05)为流动相,流速为0.8 mL·min~(-1),紫外检测波长为280 nm。结果:栓皮醛、桂皮酸和邻甲氧基桂皮醛的线性范围(n=5)分别为0.125～2μg(r=0.999 8),0.003 2～2 μg(r=0.999 9),0.012 5～0.2μg(r=0.999 7),平均回收率(n=9)分别为99.3％,102.8％,98.9％。提取方法为甲醇冷浸12h。结论:本方法简便、准确,可为评价不同产地的桂枝质量提供依据。     

RP-HPLC法研究西红花酸在大鼠体内的药代动力学和组织分布特性

目的:建立大鼠血浆中西红花酸的RP-HPLC分析方法,并对其大鼠体内过程特性进行分析研究。方法:生物样品经甲醇沉淀蛋白质并提取药物,采用RP-HPLC法,色谱柱:Kromasil C18反相柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水-冰醋酸(74:24:2);流速1.0 mL·min-1;柱温30℃;检测波长423nm。结果:方法回收率为(93.08±2.4)％-(106.5±7.1)％。测定血药浓度线性范围为0.4903-15.36μg·mL-1(r=0.9995),日内RSD<5％,日间RSD<8％,最低检测限13.4ng·mL-1(S/N=3)。SD大鼠一次灌胃给药西红花酸后血药浓度-时间曲线呈二室模型,半衰期t1/2(66.3±2.2)min。在主要组织脏器分布特点是c肝>C肺>C子宫、卵巢>C肾>C脂肪>C睾丸。结论:本法准确、灵敏度较高,可用于西红花酸体内过程的研究。西红花酸主要由肾脏原型排泄。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定中药及制剂中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定中药饮片及中成药制剂中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量。方法:采用Kromasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,柱温40℃;甲醇-水-冰醋酸(260:40:0.15)为流动相,流速0.6 mL·min-1;蒸发光散射检测器检测,漂移管温度85℃,气体流速2.60 L·min-1。结果:齐墩果酸在0.562-2.81μg范围内(r=0.9998),熊果酸在0.380-1.90μg范围内(r=0.9996)线性关系良好。药材(木瓜)中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的回收率分别为98.2％和99.8％,RSD(n=5)分别为3.2％和3.4％。中成药制剂(知柏地黄丸)中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的回收率分别为100.0％和100.1％,RSD(n=5)分别为2.1％和2.9％。结论:方法简便、准确,重现性好。     

人血浆中富马酸奎硫平浓度的测定

目的:建立测定人血浆中富马酸奎硫平(QTP)浓度的HPLC法。方法:以Diamonsil~(TM)C_(18)柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为色谱柱,流动相:甲醇-超纯水(85:15,V/V),流速为0.8mL·min~(-1),检测波长254nm,以乙酸乙酯为提取剂。结果:QTP 80.00,16.67,1.67μg·mL~(-1)高、中、低3个浓度的平均回收率分别为98.20％,101.44%,98.21％。日内、日间RSD均<5%(n=5)。分析方法的最小检测限为0.08μg·mL~(-1)(r_(SN)=2)。线性范围为0.17～100.00μg·mL~(-1),线性回归方程为Y=8.78×10~(-2)X-3.37×10~(-2),r=0.9999(n=11)。结论:该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血药浓度监测和药动学研究。     

HPLC法测定麻仁丸中大黄素和大黄酚的含量

目的:建立麻仁丸中大黄素和大黄酚含量测定的方法。方法:色谱柱为Thermo ODS C18柱(250 mm×4．6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0．1％磷酸溶液(85:15),流速为1．0 ml·min-1,检测波长为254 nm。结果:大黄素在0．01-0．29μg(r =0.999 5);大黄酚在0．03-0．52μg(r=0．999 4)范围内线性关系良好。大黄素及大黄酚的平均回收率分别为100.4％(RSD =0．9,n=5),100．1％(RSD=0．3％,n=5)。结论:方法准确可靠。     

RP-HPLC法测定桂枝中4种活性成分的含量

目的:建立了同时测定桂枝中桂皮醛、桂皮酸、桂皮醇及香豆素含量的方法,考察了4种活性成分的含量与产地及采收季节的关系。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,以Luna C18(4.6mm×250mm,5 μm)为色谱柱,乙腈-0.1％磷酸(28:72)为流动相,检测波长285nm,流速1mL·min-1,柱温30℃。结果:桂皮醛、桂皮酸、桂皮醇及香豆素的线性范围为0.208-3.33μg(r=0.9997),0.100-1.60μg(r=0.9999),0.204-3.26μg(r=0.9999),0.0674-1.08μg(r=0.9999);回收率分别为98.3％(RSD=1.0％),98.0％(RSD=1.4％),99.1％(RSD=1.2％),98.3％(RSD=1.8％)。结论:本法简便、准确、重现性好,适用于桂枝中4种成分的同时测定;生长环境和采收季节对桂枝中4种活性成分的含量有显著影响。     

中药材木通质量评价方法的研究

目的:建立TLC和HPLC法,同时对木通中齐墩果酸和常春藤皂苷元进行定性、定量分析。方法:薄层鉴别采用硅胶G薄层板,展开剂:正己烷-醋酸乙酯-冰醋酸(6:4:0.25),显色剂:10％硫酸乙醇溶液;含量测定采用Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150 mm,5 μm),流动相:甲醇-水-冰醋酸-三乙胺(87:13:0.04:0.02),检测波长:210 nm,流速:0.8 mL·min-1,柱温:室温。结果:TLC色谱系统中,齐墩果酸与常春藤皂苷元分离效果良好;HPLC中齐墩果酸、常春藤皂苷元线性范围分别为2.03-50.8μg(r=0.9996)和2.08-52.1μg(r=0.9997),平均回收率(n=5)分别为99.1％(RSD=1.8％)和97.4％(RSD=2.0％)。结论:所建立的TLC和HPLC法重现性好,专属性强,为木通药材质量控制提供科学依据。     

诺司咪唑含量测定方法的探讨

目的:建立了测定诺司咪唑含量的高效液相色谱法和胶束电动毛细管色谱法。方法:高效液相色谱法的实验条件:选用Dikma Diamonsil~(TM)(钻石)C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.05mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠水溶液(42:58,含0.2％三乙胺,pH 3.0),流速:1mL·min~(-1),检测波长:278 nm;进样量:20μL;柱温:30℃;胶束电动毛细管色谱法的实验条件:采用石英毛细管柱(未涂层)68.5 cm×75μm,有效柱长60 cm,优化选择40 mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠+25mmol·L~(-1)SDS(pH 6.0)为电泳介质,操作电压25 kV,柱温:30℃,检测波长:278 nm。结果:本法简便、灵敏、准确。两法线性范围分别为:0.8～30.0μg·mL~(-1)和27～269 μg·mL~(-1),回归方程分别为A=-602.7+5 334.0C(r=0.999 9)和A=0.007 9+0.174C(r=0.999 7),高效液相色谱法的平均回收率为99.8％(n=5)。结论:本文建立的方法可用于诺司咪唑的含量测定。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.