米氟米特中间体5—甲基—4—异恶唑甲酸的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料，经缩合得到乙氧亚甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯，然后与盐酸羟胺环合形成5－甲基－4－异恶唑甲酸乙醋，再经水解得5－甲基－异恶唑甲酸，后两步收率可达50％以上，总收经41％，产品纯度提高到99％。     

氟罗沙星的合成

以6，7，8－三氟－1，4－二氢－4－氧代－3－喹啉酸乙酯为原料，经氟乙基化、与N－甲基哌嗪缩合和水解等3步反应制得氟罗沙星，总收率67．5％。工艺操作简单，适于工业生产。     

来氟米特的合成

以价廉易得的乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料,缩合、环合后中国产物3不分离,水解得到68%的5-甲基-4-异恶唑甲酸,经氯化、纯化后与对三氟甲基苯胺反应得到来氟米特,两步收率60.8%,总收率41%,操作简便,反应副产物少。     

抗类风湿性关节炎新药来氟米特的合成

以乙酸乙酯、原甲酸三乙酯、乙酸酐等为起始原料经缩合、环化等五步反应合成了新型免疫调节抑制剂－抗类风湿性关节炎新药来氟米特,经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、质谱等确证了结构,中间体５－甲基异恶唑－４－羧酸的收率为５０％,合成总收率为２４％。     

Celecoxib的合成

以对甲基苯乙酮、三氟乙酸乙酯等为原料合成中间体1－（4－甲基苯基）－4，4，4－三氟－1，3－丁二酮，再与对肼基苯磺酰胺盐酸盐进行脱水环合即得celecoxib，总收率48．3％。     

来氟米特的合成工艺研究

以乙酰乙酸乙酯与原甲酸三乙酯为起始原料,经缩合得到相应的乙氧亚甲基衍生物,然后与盐酸羟胺环合形成５－甲基异恶唑－４－甲酸乙酯,再通过水解、氯化得到酰氯,最后与４－三氟甲基苯胺反应得到来氟米特,总收率为３２．２％。     

N-(4-氯-3-甲基苯基)-N′-甲基脲的合成

用铁粉还原、水汽蒸馏的方法制得4－氯－3－甲基苯胺，再以1，2，4－三氯苯为溶剂，与N－甲基脲直接缩合合成N－（4－氯－3－甲基苯基）－N′-甲基脲，该新方法优化了反应条件，可获得60％及67％的转化率和收率，且未反应的原料可回收套用。     

吡啶和喹啉的2－位胺化

吡啶N－氧化物和叔丁胺的三氟甲基苯溶液中，0℃时加入对甲苯磺酸酐（Ts2O），保持温度〈5℃，反应10min。分次加入Ts2O，再加叔丁胺，10min后反应完全。于反应物中加入三氟乙酸，70℃脱保护反应5h，得相应2－位胺化物，10例收率71％～92％。以喹啉N－氧化物如上反应，4例收率75％～92％。     

4-氟-5-羟基-2-甲基吲哚的合成

2,3,4-三氟硝基苯在NaH作用下与乙酰乙酸乙酯进行芳环亲核取代,然后在酸性条件下水解脱羧制得1-(2,3-二氟-6-硝基苯基)丙-2-酮,再经羟基化、甲酸铵/钯炭还原闭环制得4-氟-5-羟基-2-甲基吲哚,总收率约38％.     

盐酸氮Zhuo斯汀的合成

以N－甲基哌啶－4－酮为原料，经扩环，酰肼化，缩合等反应合成了抗变态反应药物盐酸氮Zhuo斯汀，反应总收率48．6％。     

Synthesis of some pyridine and dihydropyridine derivatives from 7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carboxaldehyde

The Hantzsh reaction of 7-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-6-carboxaldehyde (1) with ethyl acetoacetate and ammonia yields the dihydropyridine derivative 2 together with the pyridine derivative 3 and the eight membred ring derivative 4. Reaction of 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile gives the iminodicoumarin derivatives 5 and 6 respectiely. The latter compound was reacted with butan-2-one and acetophenone to produce the Michael adduct 7a, b and the 2-aminopyridine derivatives 8a, b.     

Synthesis of new pyrimidine derivatives with evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities

5-Formyl-6-aminopyrimidine-2,4-(1H, 3H)-dione (2) has been previously prepared fromcompound 1. Cyclocondensation reaction of compound 2 with cyanoacetamide gave substituted pyridopyrimidine 3. Also, compound 2 was condensed with p-amino acetophenone and hydrazine derivatives to give 5-([(4-acetylphenyl)imino]methyl)-6-aminopyrimidine (4) and 5-substituted carboaldehyde-6-amino pyrimidine derivatives (5a-d), respectively. Moreover, cyclocondensation reaction of compound 2 with thiosemcarbazide and semicarbazide hydrochloride gave 5-(5-thioxo or oxo-triazol-3-yl)-6-amino pyrimidine (6) and (7), respectively. Cyclocondensation reaction of compound 2 with thiourea and ethyl acetoacetate led to the formation of substituted ethyl bipyrimidine-5-carboxylate 8. Also, compound 2 was reacted with acetoacetic acid hydrazide and 2-cyanoacetohydrazide to give 5-(acetylpyrazol-6-aminopyrimidine 9 and 3-(6-aminopyrimidine-5-yl) pyrazole-4-carboxamide 10, respectively. Furthermore, compound 1 was diazotized to afford the diazonium salt 11. Its coupling with ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, acetylacetone, malononitrile, cyanoacetamide, diethylmalonate, in sodium acetate buffered solution afforded substituted hydrazonopyrimidines: ethylhydrazono-3-oxobutanoate 12, ethylhydrazono-3-oxopropanoate 13, pentane-2,3,4-trione hydrazone 14, cyanohydrazonoacetamide 15, diazenyl malonamide 16 and diethylhydrazonomalonate 17, respectively. Moreover, substituted pyrazolediazenylpyrimidine derivatives 18a,b, 19a,b, 20, 21a-c, 22 were synthesized by the cyclization of substituted hydrazonopyrimidines 12, 17, 15, 14 and 13, respectively. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of some of the synthesized compounds were evaluated. Compounds C18a, C20, C21b and C22 showed the most significant analgesic effects among synthesized moieties. All tested compounds, nonetheless, C18b showed significant anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan induced paw edema model.     

Porphyrin dimers as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy

Porphyrin dimers 9 with either linkages and possible isomers bis[1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2- vinylporphin-4-yl]ethyl] ether (10) bis[1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-4- vinylporphin-2-yl]ethyl] ether (11), and 1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2-vinylporph in- 4-yl]ethyl 1-[6,7-bis[2-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-4-vinylporph in- 2-yl]ethyl ether (12) were synthesized from the corresponding (1-hydroxyethyl)vinyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl esters (Hvd). The pure Hvd isomers 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-4-vinyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (7) and 4-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2-vinyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (8) were obtained from 2-acetyl-4-(1-hydroxyethyl) deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (3) and 4-acetyl-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (4). Porphyrins 3 and 4 were prepared either by partial reduction of 2,4-diacetyldeuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (2) or by oxidation of hematoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (1) by using tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate (Prn4N)(RuO4) with N-methylmorpholine N-oxide as an oxidizing agent. The in vivo photosensitizing ability and therapeutic ratios of dimers 9-12 were compared with that of Photofrin II in the SMT-F tumor growing subcutaneously in DBA/2 Ha mice. These dimers were found to have better tumoricidal activity than Photofrin II with reduced skin phototoxicity.     

来氟米特中间体5-甲基-4-异噁唑甲酸的合成

以乙酰乙酸乙酯为起始原料 ,经缩合得到乙氧亚甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯 ,然后与盐酸羟胺环合形成 5 -甲基 - 4 -异唑甲酸乙酯 ,再经水解得 5 -甲基 - 4 -异唑甲酸 ,后两步收率可达 5 0 %以上 ,总收率 4 1% ,产品纯度提高到 99%。     

Synthesis and reactions of some biologically active 2-(2'-thienyl)benzoxazinone and quinazolinone derivatives

Different amines were found to attack the hitherto unknown 6,8-dibromo-2-(2'-thienyl)-3,1-benzoxazin-4(H)-one (2) entirely at position-4, producing the corresponding benzamide derivatives 3a-i. Compound 2 reacted with hydrazoic acid affording the tetrazole 5, beside the benzimidazole derivative 6. Similarly carbon nucleophiles, such as ethyl acetoacetate attack 2 to give 7. 6,8-Dibromo-2(2'-thienyl)-4(3H)-quinazoline and its 3-substituted derivatives 8 a-g were also synthesized. Theoretical calculations for the benzoxazinone 2 and others, based on the simple HMO-method were performed. Close accordance between the theoretically predicted reactivities and the experimental findings was obtained. Biological activities of some of the compounds obtained were also tested.     

瑞戈非尼的合成工艺优化

本研究对抗肿瘤药瑞戈非尼(1)的合成工艺进行优化。4-氯吡啶-2-甲酸甲酯(3)与甲胺反应得4-氯-N-甲基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(4)。以四丁基溴化铵为催化剂,4与4-氨基-3-氟苯酚(5)在二(口恶)烷中反应得4-(4-氨基-3-氟苯氧基)-N-甲基吡啶-2-甲酰胺(6)。三光气与4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯胺(7)在甲苯和吡啶中反应得4-氯-3-(三氟甲基)苯异氰酸酯(8)。6与8在乙酸乙酯中缩合得瑞戈非尼无水物(2),2在氯化氢的乙酸乙酯溶液作用下成盐酸盐,再在丙酮/水中加入碳酸氢钠转化为1,纯度99.8%。优化后的工艺反应条件温和,操作简单,总收率65%(以3计),较适合工业生产。     

Synthesis and spectral characterization of new bis(2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethoxy)alkanes and their pharmacological activity

The pyrimidine nucleus is an important component of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and vitamins (B(2) and folic acid). It is evident from the literature that pyrimidine derivatives possess a wide spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. On the basis of diverse biological activities, we attempted to synthesize a series of novel bis(2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethoxy)alkanes 5a-j in four steps with good yields. 2-Chloropyrimidine (1) was reacted with diethyl malonate in the presence of sodium hydride in dry dimethyl formamide to yield the intermediate diethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)malonate (2), which on further reaction with sodium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide yielded ethyl 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethanoate (3). Reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH(4) ) resulted in the formation of 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethanol (4). This was further reacted with various dibromoalkanes to obtain the title compounds 5a-j. In this current study, we evaluated the antioxidant properties of the title compounds using four in vitro test systems: the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-, superoxide radical-, and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays, and the anti-lipid peroxidation activity test. The title compounds showed promising antioxidant activity when compared to butylated hydroxytoluene. The potency of their antioxidant activity was mainly influenced by the alkyl fragment attached to 2-(pyrimidin-2-yl)ethanol. The ethyl and butyl fragments linked to oxygen led to increased antioxidant activity of the title compounds (i.e., 5b and 5d) in all our in vitro assays.     

Condensed 1,2,4-Triazines,III

Alkylation of 3-mercaptophenanthreno[9,10-e]-1,2,4-triazine ( 1b ) yielded the S-alkyl derivatives 2 a-d . Amination of 1a afforded the 3-amino derivatives 3a-h . Reaction of 1a with hydrazine hydrate gave 3-hydrazinophenanthreno[9,10-e]-1,2,4-triazine ( 4 ) which underwent cyclisation with nitrous, formic or acetic acids giving the phenanthreno[9,10-e]-1,2,4-triazino[2,3-d]-1,2,3,4-tetrazole ( 5 ) and the phenanthreno[9,10e]-1,2,4-triazino[2,3-d]-3H-methyl-1,2,4-triazoles 6, 7 . Compound 4 also reacted with methyl [bis(dimethylmercapto)methylene]cyanoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethoxymethylenemalononitrile, ethyl ethoxymethylencyanoacetate or acetyl acetone to yield the 3-(pyrazol-1-yl)-phenanthreno[9,10-e]-1,2,4-triazines 8–12 .