肿瘤化学治疗的研究——Ⅱ.斑蝥素衍生物和类似物的合成

前文报道合成了一些斑蝥素衍生物,其中羟基斑蝥胺已推荐临床试用。作者进一步改变斑蝥素结构合成了五个类型81个化合物,希望从中找到毒性低、疗效高的新抗肿瘤药,并观察化学结构与抗肿瘤活性的关系。动物筛选结果表明,该类亚胺化合物的毒性均低,除短链斑蝥亚胺化合物(66)有活性外,其余化合物均无显著抗肿瘤活性。     

肿瘤化学治疗的研究——Ⅱ.斑蝥素衍生物和类似物的合成

前文报道合成了一些斑蝥素衍生物,其中羟基斑蝥胺已推荐临床试用。作者进一步改变斑蝥素结构合成了五个类型81个化合物,希望从中找到毒性低、疗效高的新抗肿瘤药,并观察化学结构与抗肿瘤活性的关系。动物筛选结果表明,该类亚胺化合物的毒性均低,除短链斑蝥亚胺化合物(66)有活性外,其余化合物均无显著抗肿瘤活性。     

“太白七药”珠子参化学成分及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的对珠子参中的化学成分进行深入研究,将所得的化合物进行抗肿瘤活性筛选,为揭示其抗肿瘤药理活性及作用机制奠定基础。方法本研究采用D-101大孔树脂、正相硅胶柱层析、反相ODS、Sephadex LH-20、RP-HPLC制备柱色谱法和重结晶等方法,从珠子参的60%乙醇提取物中分离得到7个化合物,通过MS和NMR等方法,鉴定其结构。结果这7个单体的结构分别为三七皂苷R2(notoginsenoside R2)(1)、人参皂苷Rf(ginsenoside Rf)(2)、金盏花苷E(calenduloside E)(3)、太白楤木皂苷Ⅳ(taibaienosideⅣ)(4)、太白楤木皂苷Ⅰ(taibaienosideⅠ)(5)、齐墩果酸(oleanicacid)(6)、人参皂苷Ro(ginsenoside Ro)(7)。除化合物6之外,其余化合物采用MTT法研究其对人源肝癌HepG2细胞株、人源肺癌A549细胞株及人源宫颈癌Hela细胞株的体外抗肿瘤活性。结论化合物3、4和5为首次从该种植物中分离得到。化合物3、4、5对HepG2、Hela及A549细胞的增殖均有显著的抑制作用,而化合物1、2、7均无明显抑制作用。     

抗肿瘤药物研究Ⅱ:去甲斑蝥素去氧脱氢类似物的合成与抗癌活性

斑蝥素(Ⅰ)是我国传统中药斑蝥抗肿瘤作用的有效成分。其双去甲基类似物去甲斑蝥素(Ⅱ)有与Ⅰ类似的抗癌活性,对早、中期肝癌疗效较好、且毒性较Ⅰ低,并有升高白细胞的作用,已应用于临床。我们设计和合成了一系列去甲斑蝥素的类似物和衍生物,以期寻找高效低毒的抗肿瘤化合物。前文报道了去甲斑蝥素氨基酸衍生物的合成与抗癌活性,本文报道去氧脱氢类似物(见图1)的合成与活性初筛结果。     

鹅不食草中倍半萜内酯成分及其抗肿瘤活性的研究

目的从鹅不食草Centipeda minima(L.)A. Br. et Aschers.中分离鉴定具有抗肿瘤活性的倍半萜内酯成分,并评价其抗肿瘤生物活性。方法利用95%乙醇提取,应用正、反相硅胶(RP-C18)柱层析,葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20)柱层析,制备高效液相等进行分离纯化;运用1H-NMR、13C-NMR和MS等波谱技术对化合物的结构进行鉴定;采用MTT法测试化合物对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用。结果从鹅不食草中分离得到5个倍半萜内酯化合物,分别鉴定为:短叶老鹳草素(brevilin A)(1)、小堆心菊素C(microhelenin C)(2)、minimolide F(3)、山金车内酯C(arnicolide C)(4)、山金车内酯D(arnicolide D)(5)。化合物1～5对4种肿瘤细胞株[CNE-1(鼻咽癌)、CNE-2(鼻咽癌)、Hela(子宫颈癌)、HepG2(肝癌)]的增殖均有一定的抑制作用,而对正常肝细胞LO2抑制作用较小。其中化合物1、4、5对鼻咽癌细胞CNE-1和CNE-2具有较明显的抑制作用,其IC50值均小于10μmol·L-1,与阳性药物顺铂接近。结论倍半萜内酯化合物是鹅不食草抗肿瘤的活性成分,化合物1、4、5对鼻咽癌细胞抑制作用明显,有望成为潜在的抗肿瘤先导化合物,其作用机制值得进一步探索。     

斑蝥素、斑蝥酸钠和斑蝥酸镁抑制人胃癌 SGC －7901细胞增殖的研究

目的 比较斑蝥素、斑蝥素酸钠和斑蝥素酸镁对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖的影响,筛选出最佳斑蝥素类抗肿瘤药物。方法 将斑蝥素、 斑蝥素酸钠及斑蝥素酸镁作用于人胃癌细胞SGC-7901;采用CCK-8法检测上述三种药物对SGC-7901细胞的生长抑制率。结果 斑蝥素、斑蝥素酸钠和斑蝥素酸镁均对SGC-7901细胞有抑制作用,且呈效应-剂量关系。上述三种药物的半数抑制浓度分别为18.591、17.676、4.105 μmol·L-1。结论 斑蝥素、斑蝥素酸钠和斑蝥素酸镁均能抑制人胃癌细胞生长,其中斑蝥素酸镁的抗肿瘤活性最佳。     

恩其明开环类似物的合成和抗癌作用——1.通过光化反应合成取代-2-羟基-菲啶溴烷季铵盐

恩其明(Ungeremine)是一个从(Unge-rnia minor)植物中分离而得的生物碱。我所发现其对小鼠艾氏腹水癌、L_(1210)、P_(288)、Lewis肺癌以及大鼠吉田肉瘤腹水型都有明显的抑制作用。此化合物已推荐临床试用,对中晚期卵巢癌、胃癌等有较好疗效,且副作用低,对血象、心、肝、肾等主要脏器无不良反应。鉴于恩其明(Ⅰ)是一个新类型的抗肿瘤化合物,它具有次甲基N-O-O三角和形成内铵盐结构的酚羟基和季铵基,作者曾合成了     

雄黄注射液体内外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:初步探讨雄黄注射液的体内外抗肿瘤作用。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)方法观察雄黄注射液对培养的人白血病细胞株K562,人肝癌细胞株HepG-2,人胃癌细胞株MGC-803,和小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞的增殖抑制作用;建立小鼠S180腹水型肉瘤模型,采用1、2、3mg/kg剂量雄黄注射液作用于小鼠模型,观察雄黄注射液体内抗肿瘤作用。结果:MTT法显示雄黄注射液对人白血病细胞株K562,人肝癌细胞株HepG-2,人胃癌细胞株MGC-803,和小鼠Lewis肺癌细胞增殖有一定的抑制作用;灌胃给予雄黄注射液对小鼠S180腹水型肉瘤生长有一定抑制作用。结论:雄黄注射液能够抑制培养的肿瘤细胞生长,灌胃给药对S180腹水型肉瘤细胞移植的模型小鼠肿瘤增殖有明显的抑制作用。     

凡德他尼衍生物的抗肿瘤活性筛选研究

目的对合成的一系列凡德他尼衍生物进行体内外抗肿瘤活性的筛选,为寻找低毒高效的新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂研究提供依据。方法体外筛选采用均相时间分辨荧光(HTRF)法和磺酰罗丹明B(SRB)法分别进行激酶和细胞的筛选;采用经典的急性毒性实验方法,并建立移植人非小细胞肺癌H1975裸鼠模型评价其抗肿瘤活性。结果 HTRF结果显示有6个活性较好的化合物(TY8115、TY8119、TY8122、TY8128、TY8129、TY8131),其中TY8115对VEGFR-2和EGFR抑制作用均好于凡德他尼;SRB结果显示这些活性化合物对选用的3种靶细胞(A431、H1975、A549)均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中TY8115的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制作用最明显,且对非靶细胞(MDA-MB-231)生长影响很小;急性毒性实验结果显示TY8115没有表现出毒性反应;体内抗肿瘤活性研究结果显示TY8115对肺癌H1975具有疗效,75、150 mg/kg TY8115对H1975的相对肿瘤增殖率分别为54.44%、39.54%。结论化合物TY8115具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,并且毒副作用小,具有发展成为一种新型酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的潜力。     

抗肿瘤药物研究——Ⅲ.去甲斑蝥素六元环类似物及开环衍生物的合成与抗癌活性

本文以抗癌药物去甲斑蝥素为原型化合物,设计合成了15个六元环类似物及开环衍生物,其结构均经元素分析,~1HNMR,IR,MS等证实,初步药效表明:化合物(Ⅴ),(Ⅳ_2)对人肝癌细胞有一定的抑制作用。     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of a series of N-substituted bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximides

As part of our study, a series of N-phenyl- and N-benzyl-bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximides [III-XVI], structurally related to the previously described N-phenyl- or N-pirydyl-3-arylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione [I, II], were synthesized and tested for their anticonvulsant activity in the maximum electroshock seizure (MES) and metrazole seizure threshold (sc. MET) tests. The most potent in the maximum electroshock seizure (MES) test were compounds with methyl [III] and chloro [XI] substituents at position -2 of the aromatic ring, whereas of all the synthesized compounds, only N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide [XII] was active in the sc. MET. Compounds with substituents at position -3 or -4 of the aromatic ring were found to be less active [V, VI, XIII and XIV], or devoid of activity [VII, IX, XV and XVI]. In contrast, the N-(4-chlorophenyl)-bicyclo [2.2.1] hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboximide [VIII] at a dose of 100 mg/kg was active in the MES test.     

Antitumor imide derivatives of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dicarboxylic acid

The imide and methylimide derivatives of 7-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dicarboxylic acid were synthesized and shown to have antitumor inhibitory activity (growth inhibition) against the KB cell line. The compounds were prepared according to standard procedures. Interest in the respective imide derivatives stemmed from their structural relationship to antitumor-active derivatives of 7-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid which lacked 2,3-dimethyl substituents or which were derivatives of isoindolines and lacked the carbonyl groups.     

Synthesis of asymmetric 1,4-disubstituted piperazines and their psychotropic and cardiovascular actions. Part II

New asymmetric piperazines 9-19 were obtained by condensation of 1-acyl-piperazines with 1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane, arylacid chlorides, phenols, amines and 1-(alpha-naphthyloxy)-2,3-epoxypropane. Most of the compounds produced a transient hypotension and exerted a spasmolytic action of the isolated intestine. Compounds 10, 11 and 13 displayed a weak antiarrhythmic effect in the adrenaline arrhythmia test in rats. Compounds 14 and 15 increased the coronary flow, but their action was weaker than that of compound 4, described in the first part of the paper.     

Synthesis and properties of chiral N,N-maleoyl derivatives and Diels-Alder reactions with cyclopentadiene

Maleyl amino acid derivatives were prepared from maleic anhydride and cyclized by reaction with ZnCl2 and hexamethyldisilazane yielding maleoyl derivatives. These derivatives were used as dienophiles in cycloadditions with cyclopentadiene. The isolated norbornene derivatives resulted from an endo addition, and might be interpreted as analogues of thalidomide. For comparing the properties of compounds prepared by this route, some reference compounds were synthesized from endo-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene-5,6-dicarboxylic anhydride and amino acid derivatives. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods, their stereochemistry is discussed, and results were compared with results from calculations.     

吡酮酸类抗菌药物的研究——Ⅵ.7-氯-6-氟-1-乙基-1,4-二氢-4-氧吡啶(2,3-c)并哒嗪-3-羧酸及其衍生物的合成与抗菌活性

由2,6-二氯-5-氟-3-氰基吡啶出发,经氰基水解、酰氯化、与重氮乙酸乙酯缩合、重氮基还原、环化五步反应合成了一个新的杂环体系,即取代的吡啶(2,3-c)并哒嗪Ⅵ。由Ⅵ为原料经不同途径制得21个新衍生物,其中10个游离酸进行了体外抗菌活性筛选。对金葡-15、大肠-1515、绿脓-29的MIC(μg/ml),除化合物Xa和Xb对大肠-1515为50外,其余均大于100。     

N-(2-巯基苯甲酰)-N-烷基/芳基甘氨酸及其双硫化物的合成

为了寻找新的血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI),本文根据血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)活性部位及与底物或抑制剂的作用模式,以及现有ACEI的结构特征,设计合成了16个N-(2-巯基苯甲酰)-N-烷基/芳基甘氨酸(Ⅰ_1～8)及其双硫化物(Ⅱ_1～8)。其中,化合物Ⅰ₃,Ⅱ₁降压活性(大鼠)最强,与巯甲丙腑酸(captopril)相似。     

Norcantharidin analogues: a patent review (2006 - 2010)

INTRODUCTION: Norcantharidin (7-oxabicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride) is the demethylated form of cantharidin. Norcantharidin not only has strong anticancer activity, but also eliminates most side-effects in the urinary system, does not cause myelosuppression and increases the number of white blood cells. With structural modification, norcantharidin analogues show potential anticancer activities. AREAS COVERED: A comprehensive patent review of norcantharidin analogues from 2006 to 2010 is presented. Protein phosphatase 1, 2A, 2B and 5 inhibitors are described. The review summarizes the new compounds and lays the foundation for seeking more effective anticancer compounds. EXPERT OPINION: Although norcantharidin has improved activity and toxicity, the effects routinely do not satisfy the current clinical need. Exploring better analogues is vital for changing the current situation, but norcantharidin is a good lead compound.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some benzofuran derivatives

The Friedel-Craft's acylation of 2,3-diphenyl-5-methylbenzofuran 1a with succinic anhydride gives beta-(2,3-diphenyl-5-methylbenzofuranoyl)propionic acid 1b. Acid 1b reacts with hydrazines yielding the corresponding tetrahydropyridazinones 2. 4,5-Dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6H-6-one 6 is formed by reaction of 1b with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The reaction of the pyridazinone 2a with dialkyl sulfates, ethyl chloroacetate, Grignard reagents, amines in presence of formaldehyde (Mannich reaction), o-amino-phenol and thiourea has been investigated. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 1a-c, 2a-c, e, f, 4a, b and 5a, b as well as 7b are studied.     

1-氨基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-7-(取代)哌嗪基-3-喹啉羧酸及其衍生物的合成与抗菌活性

The title compounds 6～24 were obtained by the reaction of 5 with corresponding benzaldehydes. 5 wes prepared with ethyl 7-chloro-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylate by hydrolysis, amination and condensation with piperazine. Anti—bacterical activities of 5～24 were tested in vitro.