气相色谱法测定复方麝香注射液中薄荷脑、龙脑含量

目的 建立气相色谱法测定复方麝香注射液中薄荷脑、冰片(以龙脑计)的含量.方法 采用气相色谱法,色谱柱为聚乙二醇-20M毛细管柱30m×0.53mm×0.25μm,程序升温,起始温度90℃,每分钟升10℃,升至170℃后保持10min,分流比50∶1,FID检测器;检测器温度为250℃.结果 用气相色谱法测定复方麝香注射液中薄荷脑在0.0871～0.5226mg·mL-1;冰片(以龙脑计)龙脑在0.1094～0.6564mg·mL-1范围内呈线性关系,线性方程分别为Y=8.7568×10-3+ 7.4529X,r=0.9999(n=5);Y=1.5603×10-2+ 7.4845X,r=0.9999(n=5),平均回收率分别为99.93％(n=9),RSD 0.8％;99.10％(n=9),RSD 1.5％.结论 本方法简便、准确、快速,可用于复方麝香注射液的质量控制.     

转化糖电解质注射液中果糖与无水葡萄糖含量测定方法的研究

建立转化糖电解质注射液中果糖与无水葡萄糖含量测定方法,为转化糖电解质注射液中果糖与无水葡萄糖质量标准的建立提供依据.采用高效液相色谱法(示差法)进行测定,按照分析方法验证指导原则进行方法学验证.该方法专属性、系统适用性良好.无水葡萄糖浓度在4.9231～49.2306 mg/mL范围内,浓度与主峰面积线性相关,线性方程为Y=287569X+10201,相关系数r=0.9994,线性关系良好.果糖浓度在5.2019～52.0191mg/mL范围内,果糖的浓度与主峰面积线性相关,线性方程为Y=271009X+8074.3,相关系数r=0.9994,线性关系良好.进样精密度试验、重复性试验RSD小于2.0％.无水葡萄糖和果糖的回收率分别为100.7％～101.7％和100.6％～101.9％,平均值分别为101.2％和101.3％,RSD分别为0.32％和0.41％,小于2.0％,准确度良好.无水葡萄糖和果糖的定量限分别为98.46ng和104.0ng,相当于标示量的0.04％,均能准确测定,本方法灵敏度较好.本方法溶液稳定性、耐用性等均符合相关规定,可用于转化糖电解质注射液中果糖与无水葡萄糖含量测定.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定注射液中铝离子浓度

目的建立注射液中铝含量的测定方法。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测注射液中铝离子浓度。结果线性方程为A=5.946×103C+2044,溶液浓度在0～25μl/L范围呈良好线性关系(r=0.9976),平均回收率为100.9%,RSD=1.0%(n=15),重复性RSD为2.2%(n=5),精密度RSD为2.1%(n=6)。结论采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定注射液中铝离子浓度,方法准确、可靠、快速,适用于注射液中痕量铝元素的浓度分析。     

HPLC法测定醋酸可的松有关物质及其注射液的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定醋酸可的松有关物质及其注射液含量的方法。方法:采用DiamonsilTMC18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);以乙腈-水(36∶64)为流动相,检测波长为254nm,柱温35℃,流速为1mL·min-1。结果:醋酸可的松的线性范围分别为0.53～31.95μg·mL-1(有关物质,杂质限度在0.05%～3.0%)和10.23～306.9μg·mL-1(含量测定);其线性回归方程分别为Y=2.078×103X+1.283×102,r=0.9999(n=8)和Y=2.067×103X-1.251×102,r=0.9999(n=7)。醋酸可的松注射液含量测定的平均回收率为101.0%,RSD为0.36%(n=9)。结论:本方法操作简便、快速,精密度好,结果准确可靠。     

聚乙二醇电解质散中氯化钾、碳酸氢钠的含量测定

目的 建立测定聚乙二醇电解质散中氯化钾和碳酸氢钠混合物含量的方法。方法 二步滴定法。先用0.1 mol/L盐酸滴定液滴定碳酸氢钠,再用0.1 mol/L硝酸银滴定液滴定氯化钾的二步滴定法。结果 以检验量的80％、100％、120％取样,进行试验,碳酸氢钠和氯化钾的平均回收率分别为99.92％(RSD=O.15％)和99.53％(RSD=0.45％)。精密度试验,RSD分别为0.11％和0.36％(n=8)。结论 本方法是一种新的氯化钾、碳酸氢钠混合物的含量测定方法,简便、经济、实用。     

离子对—HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍含量及有关物质

目的:建立离子对-HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍含量及有关物质的方法。方法:采用Inertsil C_(18)色谱柱(5μm,4.6mm×150mm);以甲醇-5mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾溶液(含有10mmol·L~(-1)十二烷基磺酸钠,用磷酸调节pH至3.5±0.05),(64:36)为流动相;流速1.0mL·min~(-1);紫外检测波长:233nm用于含量测定,218nm用于有关物质检测;柱温:室温。结果:离子对-HPLC法测定盐酸二甲双胍的线性范围为5～500μg·mL~(-1);相关系数r=0.999 9;日内精密度RSD=0.82％,日间精密度RSD=1.9％(n=5);双氰胺的线性范围为0.08～0.80μg·mL~(-1);相关系数r=0.9999;日内精密度RSD=0.68％,日间精密度RSD=2.3％(n=5);盐酸二甲双胍含量测定高、中、低3种浓度的回收率分别为99.24％,99.53％,99.18％;RSD分别为0.15％,0.18％,0.22％。结论:本法简便、快速、准确、专属性好。     

红花氯化钠注射液的含量测定的研究

目的建立红花氯化钠注射液的含量检测指标和方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法和紫外-可见分光光度法对羟基红花黄色素A、黄酮和多糖进行定量分析。结果羟基红花黄色素A的含量测定线性范围为0.232~1.16mg.mL-1(Y=1.732×107X 6.478×105,r=0.999 5),平均回收率为100.25%,RSD为1.05%(n=6),其平均含量为0.32 mg.mL-1;黄酮的含量测定线性范围为0.012 5~0.540 8 mg.mL-1(Y=25.71X 0.009 9,r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.00%,RSD为1.21%(n=6),其平均含量为0.66 mg.mL-1;多糖的含量测定线性范围为0.011 8~0.031 5 mg.mL-1(Y=26.316X 0.014,r=0.999 4),平均回收率为99.41%,RSD为0.71%(n=6),其平均含量为2.22 mg.mL-1;黄酮和多糖的总量占总固体量为65.75%。结论所建立的指标和方法可靠、准确、专属性强,可作为红花氯化钠注射液的含量检测。     

聚乙二醇电解质散中氯化钾、碳酸氢钠的含量测定

目的 建立测定聚乙二醇电解质散中氯化钾和碳酸氢钠混合物含量的方法。方法二步滴定法。先用0．1mol／L盐酸滴定液滴定碳酸氢钠，再用0．1mol／L硝酸银滴定液滴定氯化钾的二步滴定法。结果以检验量的80％、100％、120％取样，进行试验，碳酸氢钠和氯化钾的平均回收率分别为99．92％(RSD=0．15％)和99．53％(RSD=0．45％)。精密度试验，RSD分别为0．11％和0．36％(n=8)。结论本方法是一种新的氯化钾、碳酸氢钠混合物的含量测定方法，简便、经济、实用。     

反相离子对-高效液相色谱法测定河豚毒素

目的建立了反相离子对-高效液相色谱法测定河豚毒素含量的方法。方法选用SHIMADZUODS色谱柱(150×6mm5μm),以0．2％(v／v)醋酸液为流动相,流速为1．2mL／min,检测波长为230nm。结果河豚毒素线性范围20～100μg／mL,r=0．9960(n=5);回收率为93．32％,RSD=5．41％(n=5);日内精密度为6．10％,日间精密度为7．42％(n=5)最低检测限50ng。结论方法准确、快速、简便,可作为迅速确定河豚毒素含量的测定方法。     

HPLC法同时测定感冒喷雾剂主药含量

目的：建立同时测定感冒喷雾剂中盐酸萘甲唑林和马来酸氯苯那敏含量的HPLC法。方法：采用ODS柱，以乙腈-1．0％十二烷基硫酸钠-冰醋酸(65:35:0．3)为流动相，检测波长为264nm。结果：盐酸萘甲唑林Y=19132．4X 11486．8，r=0．9999(n=5)，线性范围15．18～25．31μg／ml，回收率99．6％,RSD0．60％(n=5)。马来酸氯苯那敏Y=14214．3X 45201．5，r=0．9999(n=5)，线性范围76．56～127．6μg／ml，回收率99．8％。RSD0．63％(n=5)。结论：本法方便、快捷、准确、精密度高，适用于感冒喷雾剂的含量测定。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.